Itch is one of the most common clinical symptoms in patients with diseases of the skin, liver, or kidney, and it strongly triggers aversive emotion and scratching behavior. Previous studies have ...confirmed the role of the prelimbic cortex (Prl) and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), which are reward and motivation regulatory centers, in the regulation of itch. However, it is currently unclear whether the Prl-NAcC projection, an important pathway connecting these two brain regions, is involved in the regulation of itch and its associated negative emotions. In this study, rat models of acute neck and cheek itch were established by subcutaneous injection of 5-HT, compound 48/80, or chloroquine. Immunofluorescence experiments determined that the number of c-Fos-immunopositive neurons in the Prl increased during acute itch. Chemogenetic inhibition of Prl glutamatergic neurons or Prl-NAcC glutamatergic projections can inhibit both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch-scratching behaviors and rectify the itch-related conditioned place aversion (CPA) behavior associated with nonhistaminergic itch. The Prl-NAcC projection may play an important role in the positive regulation of itch-scratching behavior by mediating the negative emotions related to itch.
As an emerging pathogen, tilapia lake virus (TiLV) has caused severe socio-economic impacts and remains a devastating factor in wild and farmed tilapia. Early diagnosis and timely reporting of TiLV ...are very important and necessary. In the study, a TiLV infection event in a tilapia farm is studied and reported. Naturally diseased tilapia with clinical signs such as anorexia, exophthalmia, skin abrasion and hemorrhage are collected. Multiple tissue lesions of liver, spleen and kidney are observed by histopathological analysis, such as syncytial formation, intracytoplasmic inclusion body and necrosis. No bacterial pathogens are identified from liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased tilapia, while all of them show TiLV-positive. E-11 cells are employed for TiLV isolation, and cytopathic effects are developed following incubation with supernatants of the homogenized tissues collected from the diseased tilapia. Electron micrographs of the infected cells and purified TiLV show that nearly round-shaped, enveloped viral particles (60–80 nm) can be identified. Segment 1 of the isolated TiLV has a high sequence similarity to other isolates, but phylogenetic analysis shows that it is placed in a unique cluster. Experimental infection with the isolated TiLV can cause high mortality (> 90%) in healthy Nile tilapia, with the similar clinical signs and tissue lesions to those found in naturally infected tilapia. Moreover, vacuolation and necrosis in brain, inclusion body and necrosis in heart, megalocytes and necrosis in intestine are observed in experimentally infected tilapia. Muscle, spleen, liver, intestine, brain, heart, kidney and gill of the re-infected tilapia show TiLV-positive, and liver, spleen and brain are the main target tissues. The data so far confirm a TiLV-associated disease outbreak in China, enriching the relevant information of TiLV.
•A natural TiLV infection event is reported.•TiLV infection is confirmed by symptoms, histopathology, pathogen detection, isolation and identification.•TiLV infection fulfills Koch's postulates.•Liver, spleen and brain are the main target tissues of the isolated TiLV.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with increased diabetic cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of HHcy in atherogenesis associated with hyperglycemia (HG) remains unknown. To examine ...the role and mechanisms by which HHcy accelerates HG-induced atherosclerosis, we established an atherosclerosis-susceptible HHcy and HG mouse model. HHcy was established in mice deficient in cystathionine β-synthase (Cbs) in which the homocysteine (Hcy) level could be lowered by inducing transgenic human CBS (Tg-hCBS) using Zn supplementation. HG was induced by streptozotocin injection. Atherosclerosis was induced by crossing Tg-hCBS Cbs mice with apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice and feeding them a high-fat diet for 2 weeks. We demonstrated that HHcy and HG accelerated atherosclerosis and increased lesion monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (MØs) and further increased inflammatory MC and MØ levels in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, Hcy-lowering reversed circulating mononuclear cells, MC, and inflammatory MC and MC-derived MØ levels. In addition, inflammatory MC correlated positively with plasma Hcy levels and negatively with plasma s-adenosylmethionine-to-s-adenosylhomocysteine ratios. Finally, l-Hcy and d-glucose promoted inflammatory MC differentiation in primary mouse splenocytes, which was reversed by adenoviral DNA methyltransferase-1. HHcy and HG, individually and synergistically, accelerated atherosclerosis and inflammatory MC and MØ differentiation, at least in part, via DNA hypomethylation.
The giant ladybug Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius) is a potential biocontrol agent and a valuable model for coccinellid genomics and evolutionary biology. However, the lack of a reference genome for ...M. dilatata has impeded further explorations into its evolution and constrained its use in pest management. Here, we assembled and annotated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of M. dilatata. The resulting assembly spans 772.3 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 72.48 Mb and a GC content of 34.23%. The Hi-C data aided in anchoring the assembly onto 10 chromosomes ranging from 43.35 to 108.16 Mb. We identified 493.33 Mb of repeat sequences, accounting for 63.88% of the assembled genome. Our gene prediction identified 25,346 genes, with 81.89% annotated in public protein databases. The genome data will provide a valuable resource for studying the biology and evolution of Coccinellidae, aiding in pest control strategies and advancing research in the field.
► High amount of anthocyanins (64–161mg/100g FW) was found in Chinese cultivars. ► Seventeen multiple-acylated pelargonidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside derivatives were detected. ► Radish anthocyanin ...extracts are thermal stable with half-life=14.5h at 90°C. ► High amount of glucosinolates (60–164mg/100g FW) was found in these cultivars. ► The stable pH ranges for anthocyanins and glucosinolates were different.
Roots of three unique Chinese radish cultivars were evaluated as potential sources for anthocyanin-type colourants or value-added products. These cultivars showed high variation in anthocyanins (63.77–160.74mg/100g FW). Seventeen pigments were tentatively identified by mass spectroscopy as pelargonidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside derivatives with multiple acylation of hydroxycinnamic acids. A bright colour (CIELab) of radish anthocyanins has been shown at a wide pH range, comparably stable at pH<4.2. Those anthocyanins also showed a remarkable thermal stability, following a zero-order kinetics at pH 2.5 with half-lives of 14.5 or 8.7h at 90 or 100°C, respectively. Additionally, those cultivars varied in glucosinolate contents (59.69–163.91mg/100g FW), whereas their degradation was sensitive to pH and followed a first-order kinetics at pH 5.8 with half-lives of 11.44 or 7.05h at 90 or100°C, respectively. However, the stable pH ranges for anthocyanins and glucosinolates were different: pH<4.2 and pH>3.6, respectively. In a radish juice model (pH 5.8/2.5), thermal degradation of anthocyanins or glucosinolates was associated closely with media pH values. In conclusion, cultivar selection, and thermal and pH conditions during processing or storage should be taken into account for quality, stability, and health benefits of radish derived natural colourants or nutraceutical products.
•Prediction model of tractor rotary tillage quality based on improved ConvLSTM.•Effectively splicing of Self-attention module with BiConvLSTM.•The Accuracy and F1-score of the model are 97.40% and ...97.47% respectively.•The model can greatly reduce calculation time by up to 14.09%.
To accurately predict rototilling performance and rotary tillage quality based on multi-sensor measured data of tractor electro-hydraulic suspension system, an improved ConvLSTM-based model is proposed, and field tests of rototilling operation are carried out to verify the accuracy. The model is based on the SA-BiConvLSTM (Self-attention Bi-directional ConvLSTM, BiConvLSTM) network as the core, and the BiConvLSTM can take the time dependence of the load sequence’s contextual state information into account and extract the local features more deeply and accurately; the self-attention mechanism strengthens the inner correlation of long-range load features, it significantly reduces the number of model parameters, solving the problems of degraded prediction performance and low computing efficiency caused by the length of the load sequence. The experimental results showed that the accuracy and F1-score of the rotary tillage quality prediction based on the measured data reached 97.40% and 97.47%, respectively, and the model had a considerable improvement in the prediction efficiency with the highest increase of 14.09%, and all evaluation metrics were better than the experimental results of the control group. This model ensures the breadth, depth and correlation of the load feature, significantly simplifies the model complexity and directly improves the prediction effect and computing efficiency. This study explores an intelligent technological approach for predicting the quality of rotary tillage, providing a new technological reference for the research and application of precision agriculture.
Background
Anxiety and depression are common psychological problems in orthodontic patients whose diet habits and oral health status change frequently during treatment. However, relationships between ...anxiety and depression, digestive tract condition, and impaired oral health-related quality of life remain unknown.
Materials and methods
In this study, clinical assessments, including anxiety, depression, digestive tract condition, and oral health-related quality of life, were collected from 769 outpatients in the orthodontic department using three self-reported questionnaires. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships among different clinical assessments. A chained mediation analysis model was further conducted to explore the direct and indirect effects of these various clinical factors.
Results
Changes in digestive tract conditions were positively correlated with the psychological status and oral health-related quality of life. Anxiety and depression partially mediated the relationship between them, and the indirect effect was 0.68 (30%), of which the mediation effect of anxiety accounted for 56%.
Conclusion
Anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between gastrointestinal conditions and oral health. In particular, anxiety seems to play a significant mediating role. Our findings indicate that psychological status must be paid more attention to in future clinical practices and supervision for digestive tract symptoms of orthodontic patients.
Bacteria symbionts in herbivores play an important role in host biology and ecology, and are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, diet, habitat, antibiotics and so on. However, the ...effects of antibiotics on the microbiome of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) remain unclear. Here, we studied the effects of tetracycline on the diversity and composition of bacterial colonies in different tissues of SBPH using high throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons. Our results show that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria were most abundant in SBPH, and the genera Asaia and Wolbachia were most abundant in all body parts of SBPH. Antibiotic treatment had persistent effects on the composition of the SBPH microbiome. Tetracycline depleted the population of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria, and nearly 100% eliminated Wolbachia, Bacteroides and Abiotrophia in SBPH. Together, these results suggest that antibiotic exposure affects the bacteria symbionts of different body parts in SBPH and will facilitate future studies of the bacterial symbionts of arthropod hosts.
We evaluated
(LA) for adjuvant application in animal vaccines. LA particles (LAPs) are made by treating LA with purification processes and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). We found that LAPs ...treated with HPH with trehalose and emulsifiers had an average particle size of 179 nm, considerably smaller than LAPs without additives. First, we evaluated the adjuvanticity of LAPs using a murine model with ovalbumin antigens, revealing that LAPs, especially in a five-fold concentration, could induce a considerable antibody response compared with other current adjuvants. In poultry vaccination tests using inactivated Newcastle disease virus, LAPs alone could induce a similar antibody response compared to commercial water-in-oil (W/O) adjuvant ISA70, a commercial adjuvant, at weeks 4 and 6; however, they declined faster than ISA70 at weeks 8 and 10. LAPs added to conventional adjuvant materials, such as mineral oil-based O/W emulsions, showed similar adjuvanticity to ISA70. LA-H5-C, composed of carbomer, emulsifiers and trehalose showed no significant body weight change in acute toxicity compared to other adjuvants including ISA70, making formulated LAPs a potential candidate for use as a veterinary vaccine adjuvant.
PDF
