Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involve in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These lncRNAs have emerged as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for ...OSCC. We here aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA LINC01315 in OSCC and the related mechanisms. LINC01315 and DLG3 were determined to be poorly expressed while microRNA-211 (miR-211) was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Based on the results obtained from dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and FISH assays, LINC01315 was found to upregulate DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211. Upon altering the expression of LINC01315, and/or miR-211 in OSCC cells with shRNA, mimic, or an inhibitor, we assessed their effects on OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. LINC01315 knockdown enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but dampened their apoptosis, all of which could be reversed by miR-211 inhibition. Elevation of DLG3, a target gene of miR-211, activated the Hippo signaling pathway, whereby suppressing OSCC progression in vitro. Finally, their roles in tumor growth were validated in vivo. These findings suggest that LINC01315 elevates DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211, thereby suppressing OSCC progression.Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involve in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These lncRNAs have emerged as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for OSCC. We here aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA LINC01315 in OSCC and the related mechanisms. LINC01315 and DLG3 were determined to be poorly expressed while microRNA-211 (miR-211) was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Based on the results obtained from dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and FISH assays, LINC01315 was found to upregulate DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211. Upon altering the expression of LINC01315, and/or miR-211 in OSCC cells with shRNA, mimic, or an inhibitor, we assessed their effects on OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. LINC01315 knockdown enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but dampened their apoptosis, all of which could be reversed by miR-211 inhibition. Elevation of DLG3, a target gene of miR-211, activated the Hippo signaling pathway, whereby suppressing OSCC progression in vitro. Finally, their roles in tumor growth were validated in vivo. These findings suggest that LINC01315 elevates DLG3 expression by competitively binding to miR-211, thereby suppressing OSCC progression.
Writing is fundamental to science and integral to its practice. This study examined two sixth-grade science teachers’ perspectives on and practices in teaching writing to English language learners ...(ELLs). Both teachers were interviewed on their beliefs about and experience in teaching writing to ELLs in science. They were also each observed once per week for their writing instruction over one semester. All writing samples produced by the ELLs during the semester were collected. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that both teachers recognized the importance of writing to science but provided few opportunities for extended writing and limited writing instruction to ELLs. The teachers cited ELLs’ disinterest in science and lack of writing proficiency, as well as their own lack of time and preparedness to teach writing, as the main reasons for not making writing a priority in their teaching practice, for having lower expectations for ELLs, and for not offering substantive language/literacy support to ELLs. These findings indicate that the lofty goal of literacy-science integration remains largely unfulfilled, despite nearly two decades of strong push for border crossing by both science and literacy educators. They suggest that a reenvisioning of the relationship between literacy and science is needed to ensure effective science instruction for ELLs and other students in need of language/literacy support.
Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) or Chinese parsley is a culinary herb with multiple medicinal effects, which is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is enriched with essential oils and ...anti-oxidant compounds with unknown significance. To explore the untapped reservoir of Coriander, we studied the transcriptome and metabolic profiles from three developmental stages. Here, we identified 10 tyrosine metabolic pathway-related genes (TMPRGs), six porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway-related genes (PCMPRGs), and five Vitamin E metabolic pathway-related genes (VEMPRGs). These genes were associated with the early development of Coriander. Our analysis suggests that these pathways are involved in the production of critical phenolic metabolites. Furthermore, we constructed the interaction network between these pathway-related genes and transcription factors (TFs), which supported the regulatory pathways for phenolic metabolites. Interestingly, we identified several nutritional or medicinally relevant metabolites, including 59 phenols, two polyamines, 12 alkaloids, and one terpenoid. The higher concentrations of metabolites were from caffeic acid, agmatine, and its derivatives. We found higher levels of caffeic acid and agmatine at 30 days compared to 60 or 90 days. This study provides evidence to stimulate further investigation of the role of these metabolites in medicinal and nutritional research.
Neural activity in the brain exhibits correlated fluctuations that may strongly influence the properties of neural population coding. However, how such correlated neural fluctuations may arise from ...the intrinsic neural circuit dynamics and subsequently affect the computational properties of neural population activity remains poorly understood. The main difficulty lies in resolving the nonlinear coupling between correlated fluctuations with the overall dynamics of the system. In this study, we investigate the emergence of synergistic neural population codes from the intrinsic dynamics of correlated neural fluctuations in a neural circuit model capturing realistic nonlinear noise coupling of spiking neurons. We show that a rich repertoire of spatial correlation patterns naturally emerges in a bump attractor network and further reveals the dynamical regime under which the interplay between differential and noise correlations leads to synergistic codes. Moreover, we find that negative correlations may induce stable bound states between two bumps, a phenomenon previously unobserved in firing rate models. These noise-induced effects of bump attractors lead to a number of computational advantages including enhanced working memory capacity and efficient spatiotemporal multiplexing and can account for a range of cognitive and behavioral phenomena related to working memory. This study offers a dynamical approach to investigating realistic correlated neural fluctuations and insights to their roles in cortical computations.
A cavity-backed slot-antenna (CBSA) pair is designed in a shared cavity inserted with the multifunctional metasurface diaphragms (MSDs). The CBSA pair is co-polarized and in-band, and meanwhile ...exhibits the good features of a wide working band, good in-band decoupling, and enhanced out-of-band filtering performance, which are rarely achieved in other reported CBSAs. The customized MSDs in this design can introduce desired reflection/transmission properties and provide shorting paths in the cavity, which play an important role in adjusting the frequencies of the resonance modes to expand the working bandwidth, allowing proper transmission magnitudes and phases at different frequency points to enable the high isolation level, and generating filtering responses to introduce the radiation nulls (RNs) and enhance the out-of-band suppression. The proposed CBSA pair was analyzed, and then fabricated and measured. The total electrical size at the lowest working frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{f}_{L} </tex-math></inline-formula> is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.76\times 0.58\times 0.16\lambda _{L} ^{3} </tex-math></inline-formula>. The overlapped fractional impedance bandwidth is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim </tex-math></inline-formula>11.1%. The peak realized gain (RG) reaches 6.4 dBi, and the isolation is greater than 15 dB. The three introduced RNs guarantee the out-of-band suppression level is better than 14.6 dB in 6-15 GHz. The proposed CBSA pair is a good candidate for the compact, co-polarized, in-band, and high-efficiency multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) CBSAs.
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures form an integral part of biomedical and medical research due to their capacity to rapidly proliferate and differentiate into hundreds of highly specialized cell ...types. This makes them a highly useful tool in exploring human physiology and disease. Genomic editing of PSC cultures is an essential method of attaining answers to basic physiological functions, developing in vitro models of human disease, and exploring potential therapeutic strategies and the identification of drug targets. Achieving reliable and efficient genomic editing is an important aspect of using large-scale PSC cultures. The CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing tool has facilitated highly efficient gene knockout, gene correction, or gene modifications through the design and use of single-guide RNAs which are delivered to the target DNA via Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 modification of PSCs has furthered the understanding of basic physiology and has been utilized to develop in vitro disease models, to test therapeutic strategies, and to facilitate regenerative or tissue repair approaches. In this review, we discuss the benefits of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in large-scale PSC cultures.
Photooxidation aging, hygrothermal aging, and hot‐air aging are carried out on atactic polystyrene (aPS) samples formed by injection molding. It is interesting that microcrystals of atactic ...polystyrene are only found in photooxidation aging. This work proposes that high molecular weight atactic polystyrene can crystallize under photooxidation aging. It is a good addition to the research on the aspect of crystallization of atactic polystyrene.
In this report, high molecular weight atactic polystyrene is studied. It is found that microcrystals of atactic polystyrene exist only under the effect of photooxidation aging, and the molecular weight of polystyrene after aging is above 105. This nicely complements the research on the crystallization of atactic polystyrene.
Formaldehyde (FA) serves as a prevailing air pollutant, which has seriously threatened public health in recent years. Of all the known health effects, lung injury is one of the most severe risks. ...However, little is known about the circRNAs related molecular mechanism in the development of lung injury induced by FA. This study was designed to explore the potential roles of dysregulated circRNAs as well as its mechanism in FA-induced lung injury. In the present study, 24 male SD rats were exposed to formaldehyde (control, 0.5, 2.46 and 5 mg/m3) for 8 h per day for 8 weeks to induce lung injury. We used H&E staining to evaluate the histopathological changes of lung injury indifferent groups. The expression of circRNAs in lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interaction networks were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Our study revealed that formaldehyde exposure resulted in abnormal histopathological changes in lung tissues. Moreover, the expression of rno_circRNA_008646 was significantly higher in lung tissues of formaldehyde exposure rats than in control. Bioinformatics analysis showed that one potential target miRNA/mRNA for rno_circRNA_008646 was rno-miR-224/Forkhead Box I1 (FOXI1). Besides, luciferase report gene confirmed that there was targeted binding relationship between rno_circRNA_008646 and rno-miR-224, rno-miR-224 and FOXI1. Further verification experiments indicated that the expression of rno_circRNA_008646 was negatively correlated rno-miR-224, while it was positively correlated with FOXI1. JASPAR database showed transcription factor FOXI1 located in promotor of CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Both FOXI1 and CFTR were up-regulated in lung tissues after formaldehyde exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggested that formaldehyde may induce lung injury, and this may be caused by up-regulatedrno_circRNA_008646, which medicated rno-miR-224/FOXI1/CFTR axis.
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•Direct exposure to formaldehyde can cause lung injury.•CircRNAs involvement in formaldehyde-induced lung injury.•Rno_circRNA_008646 contributed to formaldehyde induced lung injury through rno-miR-224 mediated FOXI1/CFTR axis.
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•The influence of CNT on PMVS foam prepared by scCO2 was studied for the first time.•Very small amount of CNT coule achieve excellent reinforcement effect.•CNT could increase the ...onset decomposition temperature of silicone rubber by about 60 °C.•The PMVS/CNT foam exhibited small cell sizes and high cell densities.
The cell structure and performance of microcellular polymethylvinylsiloxane (PMVS)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) foam prepared by supercritical CO2 (scCO2) were investigated. The results showed that the uniformly dispersed CNT significantly reinforced the PMVS matrix because of the strong interaction between molecular chain and CNT. In addition, the onset thermal decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite was increased by 60 °C with the incorporation of CNT (0.5 wt%) compared with that of PMVS matrix. Furthermore, as a kind of heterogeneous nucleating agent, CNT could effectively decrease the nucleation energy barrier, resulting in the uniform cell morphology of PMVS/CNT foam with smaller cell size and higher cell density.
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