Atmospheric depolarization ratio and wind velocity are measured simultaneously by a single versatile coherent Doppler lidar (CDL). Backscattering components at parallel and perpendicular polarization ...states are obtained by using a single balanced detector, adopting time-division multiplexing technique. Thus systematic error induced by the non-uniform response of different detectors in traditional lidars is avoided. The operation mode of the instrument can be switched from polarization CDL to traditional CDL by the user depending on atmospheric conditions and desired performance. As demonstrated, the perpendicular component of the backscattering, usually wasted, not only can be used to retrieve the ADR, but also can be used to improve the carrier to noise ratio in wind detection. In the traditional mode, given a tolerance of 0.5 m/s precision, a detection range of 6 km is achieved by using a 300 ns laser pulse with energy of 100 μJ, where the temporal and spatial resolution of 2 s and 60 m, respectively. Continuous wind detection of the atmospheric boundary layer over 26 hours is presented to demonstrate the robustness and stability of the system. Dynamic evolution and wind structure are recorded.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The optimal core temperature for hypothermic circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery remains contentious. This study aims to evaluate patient outcomes under various ...temperatures within a large single-centre cohort.
METHODS
Between 2010 and 2018, patients diagnosed with type A aortic dissection underwent total arch replacement at Fuwai Hospital were enrolled. They were categorized into 4 groups: deep hypothermia group, low-moderate hypothermia group, high-moderate hypothermia group and mild hypothermia group. Clinical data were analysed to ascertain differences between the groups.
RESULTS
A total of 1310 patients were included in this cohort. Operative mortality stood at 6.9% (90/1310), with a higher incidence observed in the deep hypothermia group 29 (12.9%); 35 (6.9%); 21 (4.8%); 5 (3.4%); all adjusted P < 0.05. Overall 10-year survival was 80.3%. Long-term outcomes did not significantly differ among the groups. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed a protective effect of higher core temperature on operative mortality (odds ratio 0.848, 95% confidence interval 0.766–0.939; P = 0.001). High-moderate hypothermia emerged as an independent protective factor for operative mortality (odds ratio 0.303, 95% confidence interval 0.126–0.727; P = 0.007). Multivariable Cox analysis did not detect an effect of hypothermic circulatory arrest on long-term survival (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
High-moderate hypothermia (24.1–28°C) offers the most effective protection against surgical mortality and is therefore recommended. Different hypothermic circulatory arrest temperatures do not influence long-term survival or quality of life.
Aortic arch surgery stands as one of the most intricate and demanding procedures in modern aortic surgery, marked by elevated mortality and complication rates 1, 2.
Graphical abstract
A dual readout platform based on the gap-adjustable gold microelectrode array (GMA) has been established for multiplexed immumoassay of tumor biomarkers.
Display omitted
•An electrochemical and SERS ...based dual readout biosensor was established.•A gap-adjustable gold microelectrode array (GMA) was fabricated as the common substrate.•The GMA shows typical characteristics of microelectrodes and excellent SERS performance.•Multiplexed immunoassay of tumor biomarkers was achieved.•The sensor demonstrated the feasibility in clinical application.
In this study, a dual readout biosensor is reported that combines electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for a multiplexed immunoassay of tumor biomarkers. A gold microelectrode array (GMA) was fabricated by electrodeposition of Au to the bottom of numerous individual silica cavities. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the GMA possesses unique charge selectivity and an inherently high S/N ratio, which make the GMA especially suitable for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) detection. Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) was designed to increase the load of labelled molecules in this super-sandwich structured biosensor. Meanwhile, the strong plasmon coupling between silver nanoparticles and the underlying gold particles enabled ultrahigh sensitivity of the GMA when using SERS readout. By combining electrochemical and SERS methods, we achieved the high-throughput preliminary screening of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Further quantitative analysis showed that the two proteins could be determined in a wide concentration range, and their minimum detection limits were 0.6 and 0.3 pg·mL−1 when using SERS method, respectively. The applicability of the proposed dual readout platform in clinical diagnosis was verified by the detection in human serum samples.
MBene, a layered metal boride similar to MXene, has garnered significant attention in recent times. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their structure and ...properties, necessitating further research and investigation. In this study, theoretical calculations were employed first to study the binding energy, band structures and density of states of three MBenes, namely MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2, providing insights into their electronic characteristics. In addition, open circuit voltage (OCV) and adsorption energy were also conducted using the three MBenes as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries, indicating their low ion migration barrier and potential in energy storage application. Subsequently, MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2 were experimentally synthesized using etching or exfoliation method and utilized as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries. Results demonstrates that the specific capacity of MoB is 60 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1. Systematic investigation including kinetics simulation and ex situ XRD suggests the cation insertion mechanism of the MoB electrodes. Building upon these findings, attempts were made to enhance the performance of MoB through the incorporation of 1 T-MoS2 composites, urea molecular intercalation. Notably, the modified composite exhibited a specific capacity exceeding 150 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, with a stable Coulombic efficiency of 100% after 100 cycles. This study provides novel directions and insights for the research of MBene in the context of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Display omitted
•Theoretical calculations indicate the low ion migration barrier of MBenes.•MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2 were synthesized and utilized as cathode materials.•Ex-situ XRD and kinetic simulations indicate the Zn2+ insertion mechanism of MoB.•Performance is enhanced via urea intercalation and 1 T-MoS2 composites.
Display omitted
•Ages of W ores by wolframite U-Pb dating in Jinzhuping, Changkeng, Keshuling, Taoxikeng and Bikeng deposits, southern Jiangxi, are 154.2 ± 4.1 Ma, 157.8 ± 9.4 Ma, 150.3 ± 1.8 Ma, ...153.8 ± 4.0 Ma and 152.3 ± 5.6 Ma, respectively.•Three stages of W mineralization occurred from the Triassic to the Lower Cretaceous in the Nanling Range of South China.
In situ LA-ICP-MS provide high-resolution spatial analysis of wolframite grains. In this paper, wolframite U-Pb isotope dating is presented to directly constrain the timing of W mineralization in five granite-related vein-type W-polymetallic deposits from different ore-concentrated areas in southern Jiangxi Province, South China. In the Jinzhuping, Changkeng, Keshuling, Taoxikeng, and Bikeng deposits, wolframite is the dominant ore mineral, occurring as coarse, euhedral grains that are associated with gangue minerals such as cassiterite, scheelite, molybdenite, sphalerite, (±) galena, (±) marmatite, pyrite, quartz, (±) chlorite, (±) fluorite, and calcite. Wolframite U-Pb dating yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 154.2 ± 4.1 Ma for the Jinzhuping deposit, 157.8 ± 9.4 Ma for the Changkeng deposit, 150.3 ± 1.8 Ma for the Keshuling deposit, 153.8 ± 4.0 Ma for the Taoxikeng deposit, and 152.3 ± 5.6 Ma for the Bikeng deposit, respectively. By comparing the published minerlizing ages of the W-Sn polymetallic deposits in the Nanling region, we suggest that three stages of W mineralization occurred from the Triassic to the Lower Cretaceous.
Neuronal activity in the brain has been reported to promote the malignant progression of glioma cells via nonsynaptic paracrine and electrical synaptic integration mechanisms. However, the ...interaction between neuronal activity and the immune microenvironment in glioblastoma (GBM) remains largely unclear.
By applying chemogenetic techniques, we enhanced and inhibited neuronal activity in vitro and in a mouse model to study how neuronal activity regulates microglial polarization and affects GBM progression.
We demonstrate that hypoxia drove glioma stem cells (GSC) to produce higher levels of glutamate, which activated local neurons. Neuronal activity promoted GBM progression by facilitating microglial M2 polarization through enriching miR-200c-3p in neuron-derived exosomes, which decreased the expression of the m6A writer zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13) in microglia, impairing methylation of dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9) mRNA. Downregulation of DUSP9 promoted ERK pathway activation, which subsequently induced microglial M2 polarization. In the mouse model, cortical neuronal activation promoted microglial M2 polarization whereas cortical neuronal inhibition decreased microglial M2 polarization in GBM xenografts. miR-200c-3p knockdown in cortical neurons impaired microglial M2 polarization and GBM xenograft growth, even when cortical neurons were activated. Treatment with the anti-seizure medication levetiracetam impaired neuronal activation and subsequently reduced neuron-mediated microglial M2 polarization.
These findings indicated that hypoxic GSC-induced neuron activation promotes GBM progression by polarizing microglia via the exosomal miR-200c-3p/ZC3H13/DUSP9/p-ERK pathway. Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug, blocks the abnormal activation of neurons in GBM and impairs activity-dependent GBM progression. See related commentary by Cui et al., p. 1073.
Display omitted
•Composite Fe3O4/PAN/PBA NFA was fabricated via a facile method.•NFA demonstrated superhydrophobic properties and robust mechanical performance.•NFA showed excellent absorption ...towards oils and organic solvents.•NFA exhibited excellent magnetothermal and photothermal effects simultaneously.•NFA achieved efficient continuous absorption of high-viscosity crude oil.
Developing efficient absorbents for the cleanup of highly viscous crude oil spills is of critical importance. The current light-to-heat/electric-to-heat methods to reduce the viscosity of crude oil were limited by the complicated preparationprocesses, weather conditions and potential risk of electrical leakage. Here, a robust superhydrophobic composite Fe3O4/PAN/PBA nanofibrous aerogel (NFA) with excellent photo/magneto-thermal performance for efficient all-weather viscous crude oil spill remediation was fabricated by integrating facile blend electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques. Due to its superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity (water contact angle of 151.3° and oil contact angle of 0°) and anisotropic microchannelstructure, the composite NFA exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics and ultra-high absorption capacity (54.4 − 97.1 g/g) toward various low-viscosity oils and organic solvents. Meanwhile, it displayed outstanding mechanical recyclability (84.07 % recovery after 200 cycles at 80 % strain) and reusability (86.74 % of theinitial capacity after 10 absorption-squeezing cycles). Notably, the composite NFA also showed excellent photo/magneto-thermal conversion efficiency, allowing it to achieve continuous and efficient cleanup ofcrude oil (recovery rate of 6.67 x103 kg m−3h−1) via peristaltic pumping. Therefore, this material holds great potential for all-weather cleanup of crude oil spills.
Industrial control systems (ICSs), as critical national infrastructures, are increasingly susceptible to sophisticated security threats. To address this challenge, our study introduces the CAE-T, a ...deep convolutional autoencoding transformer network designed for efficient anomaly detection and real-time fault monitoring in ICS. The CAE-T utilizes unsupervised deep learning, employing a convolutional autoencoder for spatial feature extraction from multidimensional time-series data, and combines this with a transformer architecture to capture long-term temporal dependencies. The design of the model facilitates rapid training and inference, while its dual-component approach, utilizing an optimization function based on support vector data description (SVDD), enhances detection accuracy. This integration synergistically combines spatiotemporal feature extraction, significantly improving the robustness and precision of anomaly detection in ICS environments. The CAE-T model demonstrated notable performance enhancements across three industrial control system datasets. Notably, the CAE-T model achieved approximately a 70.8% increase in F1 score and a 9.2% rise in AUC on the WADI dataset. On the SWaT dataset, the model showed improvements of approximately 2.8% in F1 score and 5% in AUC. The power system dataset saw more modest gains, with an approximately 0.1% uptick in F1 score and a 1% increase in AUC. These improvements validate the CAE-T model’s efficacy and robustness in anomaly detection across various scenarios.
An all-fiber, micro-pulse and eye-safe high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) at 1.5 μm is proposed and demonstrated by using a pair of upconversion single-photon detectors and a fiber ...Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer (FFP-SI). In order to improve the optical detection efficiency, both the transmission spectrum and the reflection spectrum of the FFP-SI are used for spectral analyses of the aerosol backscatter and the reference laser pulse. Taking advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio of the detectors and high spectral resolution of the FFP-SI, the center frequencies and the bandwidths of spectra of the aerosol backscatter are obtained simultaneously. Continuous LOS wind observations are carried out on two days at Hefei (31.843 °N, 117.265 °E), China. The horizontal detection range of 4 km is realized with temporal resolution of 1 minute. The spatial resolution is switched from 30 m to 60 m at distance of 1.8 km. In a comparison experiment, LOS wind measurements from the HSRWL show good agreement with the results from an ultrasonic wind sensor (Vaisala windcap WMT52). An empirical method is adopted to evaluate the precision of the measurements. The standard deviation of the wind speed is 0.76 m/s at 1.8 km. The standard deviation of bandwidth variation is 2.07 MHz at 1.8 km.
PDF
