A meta-analysis found that including atmospheric pressure as altitude in generalized linear models reveals higher differences between Goldmann tonometry and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry at higher ...altitudes, with the difference increasing in thinner corneas. To examine the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by using Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) tonometry in published literature and determine the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), age, and altitude on that difference.
Articles that compare GAT and DCT were selected for an extensive literature review, and the location and altitude of the research centers were found online. CCT and age were analyzed as covariates, when available.
A total of 157 studies including 24,211 eyes of 20,214 patients were included in the study. The results showed that the difference between DCT and GAT was higher at higher altitudes above sea level and increased with thinner corneas. However, the results were different in eyes with corneal transplants, where altitude and CCT had less influence, and in those post-refractive surgery where age was found to influence the difference. Theoretical correction formulas using altitude, CCT, and age were derived from this meta-analysis, but their accuracy and usefulness in clinical practice need validation.
The findings suggest that there is a higher risk of underestimating IOP when the Goldmann tonometer is used at a higher altitude, particularly in eyes with glaucoma, thinner corneas, or corneal refractive surgery. Further research is needed to validate the accuracy of the correction formulas derived from this meta-analysis in clinical practice.
SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. It is essential to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the first few cases in each country. This study aimed to describe the ...geographical distribution, and temporal appearance of the first few hundred cases in Colombia.
This observational study was conducted to review the literature and key documentary information from public health institutions, websites and news reports were examined.
The first few 100 cases for COVID-19 were confirmed in Colombia. According to sex, men with 54% predominate, the most affected age group was 20 to 29 yr old (26%), 9% of the cases required hospitalization and no deaths were reported. Most of the confirmed subjects were from the departments of Cundinamarca. To date, most cases are imported (63%), especially from Spain.
The COVID-19 pandemic puts in evidence the lack of understanding, prevention and contention power of the different countries around the world is not as good as it could be. Politics must not affect the different proposed measures.
To assess scientific production related to ophthalmology and vision in Latin America during the period from 2006 to 2015.
The PubMed, Lilacs (Bireme), Google Scholar, SciELO, and Medigraphic ...databases were evaluated for this retrospective, descriptive, and comparative study.
A total of 1,510 articles was identified. Brazil was the leader in quantitative production in ophthalmology, averaging 85.4 articles per year. Mexico was in second place with 27.4, and Argentina was in third place with 11.1 articles per year. Forty-one percent of articles were published in English, 28.1% dealt with the subspecialty of the retina, and 63% were published by researchers affiliated with universities. The frequency of male first authors was 58.9%, and the journal Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia accounted for 36.42% of the identified articles.
Brazil stands in first place in Latin America in ophthalmologic scientific production. Nearly half of the researchers in ophthalmology in Latin America included in our study were listed in databases other than PubMed.
Lupus pernio vs. lupic perniosis: A case report Parra-Sepúlveda, Doris Juliana; Urueña-Betancourt, Laura Catalina; Porras-Villamil, Julián Felipe ...
Case reports (Universidad Nacional de Colombia),
01/2023, Volume:
8, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is difficult to diagnose due to the wide array of signs and symptoms it displays that may be associated to ...multiple clinical conditions, including perniosis (a rare inflammatory condition), lupus pernio (a manifestation of sarcoidosis), and lupus perniosis (a form of SLE), which can be easily mistaken.
Case description: A 29-year-old Colombian mestizo woman with no family history of autoimmune, inflammatory or cutaneous diseases was diagnosed with SLE after ruling out several differential diagnoses. Although the patient presented with features of lupus pernioticus (lupus perniosis), it was established that she had lupus pernio, a type of sarcoidosis. The patient was given the indicated treatment, which led to an improvement in her quality of life.
Conclusion: Based on the epidemiology, clinical history and histopathologic findings, it was possible to establish that the patient presented with lupus perniosis and not lupus pernio. In that regard, considering that these three conditions (perniosis, lupus pernio and lupic perniosis) can be easily confused, the present case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation and precise use of diagnostic terms, because these are three different conditions despite their similar names.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on trabeculectomy outcomes. Methods: Charts of patients with glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy performed by a single surgeon between ...2007 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Charts were screened for a documented history of smoking status before surgery. Demographic and clinical preoperative variables were recorded. Based on smoking history, subjects were divided into two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. Any bleb-related interventions (e.g., 5-flourouracil injections ± laser suture lysis) or bleb revision performed during the postoperative period were noted. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure >5 mmHg and <21 mm Hg without (complete success) or with (qualified success) the use of ocular hypotensive medications. Failure was identified as a violation of the criteria mentioned above. Results: A total of 98 eyes from 83 subjects were included. The mean age of the subjects was 70.7 ± 11.09 years, and 53% (44/83) were female. The most common diagnosis was primary open-angle glaucoma in 47 cases (47.9%). The smokers Group included 30 eyes from 30 subjects. When compared with nonsmokers, smokers had a significantly worse preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (p=0.038), greater central corneal thickness (p=0.047), and higher preoperative intraocular pressure (p=0.011). The success rate of trabeculectomy surgery at 1 year was 56.7% in the smokers Group compared with 79.4% in the Group nonsmokers (p=0.020). Smoking presented an odds ratio for failure of 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.84). Conclusion: Smokers demonstrated a significantly lower success rate 1 year after trabeculectomy compared with nonsmokers and a higher requirement for bleb-related interventions.
To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on trabeculectomy outcomes.
Charts of patients with glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy performed by a single surgeon between 2007 and 2016 were ...retrospectively reviewed. Charts were screened for a documented history of smoking status before surgery. Demographic and clinical preoperative variables were recorded. Based on smoking history, subjects were divided into two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. Any bleb-related interventions (e.g., 5-flourouracil injections ± laser suture lysis) or bleb revision performed during the postoperative period were noted. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure >5 mmHg and <21 mm Hg without (complete success) or with (qualified success) the use of ocular hypotensive medications. Failure was identified as a violation of the criteria mentioned above.
A total of 98 eyes from 83 subjects were included. The mean age of the subjects was 70.7 ± 11.09 years, and 53% (44/83) were female. The most common diagnosis was primary open-angle glaucoma in 47 cases (47.9%). The smokers Group included 30 eyes from 30 subjects. When compared with nonsmokers, smokers had a significantly worse preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (p=0.038), greater central corneal thickness (p=0.047), and higher preoperative intraocular pressure (p=0.011). The success rate of trabeculectomy surgery at 1 year was 56.7% in the smokers Group compared with 79.4% in the Group nonsmokers (p=0.020). Smoking presented an odds ratio for failure of 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-7.84).
Smokers demonstrated a significantly lower success rate 1 year after trabeculectomy compared with nonsmokers and a higher requirement for bleb-related interventions.
Introdução: O diabetes mellitus pode levar a diversas alterações. Dentre elas, aquelas gastrointestinais, que acarretam inúmeros problemas ao indivíduo e sua qualidade de vida. Destaca-se, então, que ...compreender essas alterações constitui-se como de grande importância para que auxilie o indivíduo em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, questionando acerca das alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus, realizou-se o estudo. Objetivo: analisar através da literatura atual as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, através da busca nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (Medline) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando-se os descritores em Saúde (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), como: Diabetes Mellitus, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus type 1, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Tract, GI Tract, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Resultado: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 10 artigos científicos, nos quais se evidenciou que além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes ocasiona diversas complicações. Assim, para auxílio deste indivíduo torna-se fundamental a manutenção de um bom controle glicêmico. Conclusão: Os artigos remeteram a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática, principalmente quanto a fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento das alterações gastrointestinais.
Background
Malnutrition status, body composition indicators, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters have been associated with increased risk of death in several pathologies. The aim of ...this study was to describe the associations between phase angle (PhA) indicators obtained by BIA with length of hospital stay, days on mechanical ventilation, and 60‐day mortality in critically ill patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).
Methods
This is a prospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We assessed nutrition risk and body composition with BIA within 48 h from intensive care unit admission. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between variables and clinical outcomes. Survival analysis by PhA value was performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves.
Results
Sixty‐seven patients were included. PhA (odds ratio OR, 0.36; P = .002), standardized PhA (SPA) (OR, 0.45; P = .001), and extracellular water/total body water ratio (OR, 3.25; P = .002) were significant predictors of 60‐day mortality. PhA <3.85° in females and <5.25° in males showed good and fair discrimination, respectively, for mortality prediction. Using cutoff values, low PhA was associated with a significantly increased risk of 60‐day mortality (hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.12–8.41; P = .02). No association was detected for SPA.
Conclusion
Low PhA values could be a predictor of 60‐day mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. This biological marker could be incorporated as part of nutrition and mortality risk assessment in this population.
Phase angle as predictor of malnutrition in people living with HIV/AIDS Osuna‐Padilla, Iván Armando; Salazar Arenas, María de los Angeles; Rodríguez‐ Moguel, Nadia Carolina ...
Nutrition in clinical practice,
February 2022, 2022-Feb, 2022-02-00, 20220201, Volume:
37, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Background
Phase angle (PhA), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been studied as an indicator of survival in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, it remains unclear whether PhA ...is associated with malnutrition or low CD4+ T‐cell counts.
Objective
In this study, we assessed the discriminative capacity of PhA for malnutrition detection using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in PLWH, aiming to propose cutoff points for this population.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included 427 adult PLWH (13% female). Participants were classified according to malnutrition status by using GLIM criteria. Body composition was assessed by using BIA. CD4+ T‐cell counts were determined by flow cytometry.
Results
According to GLIM criteria, 30% of the participants were malnourished. Multivariate regression analysis showed that PhA (adjusted odds ratio OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.18; P < 0.001), fat‐mass percentage (adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82–0.90; P < 0.001), and male sex (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.76; P = 0.013) were independently associated with malnutrition. A PhA cutoff of 5.45° in men and 4.95° in women may predict malnutrition with sensitivity and specificity >70%.
Conclusion
PhA could be a valid, useful, and simple predictor of malnutrition in PLWH.
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