Aims: Due to the increasing evidence of shared vulnerabilities between addictive behaviors and excessive food intake, the concept of food addiction in specific clinical populations has become a topic ...of scientific interest. The aim of this study was to validate the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 in a Spanish sample. We also sought to explore food addiction and its clinical correlates in eating disorder (ED) and gambling disorder (GD) patients.Methods: The sample included 301 clinical cases (135 ED and 166 GD), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and 152 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the general population.Results: Food addiction was more prevalent in patients with ED, than in patients with GD and HC (77.8, 7.8, and 3.3%, respectively). Food addiction severity was associated with higher BMI, psychopathology and specific personality traits, such as higher harm avoidance, and lower self-directedness. The psychometrical properties of the Spanish version of the YFAS 2.0 were excellent with good convergent validity. Moreover, it obtained good accuracy in discriminating between diagnostic subtypes.Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Spanish YFAS 2.0 as a reliable and valid tool to assess food addiction among several clinical populations (namely ED and GD). The prevalence of food addiction is heterogeneous between disorders. Common risk factors such as high levels of psychopathology and low self-directedness appear to be present in individuals with food addiction.
Aims: Due to the increasing evidence of shared vulnerabilities between addictive behaviors and excessive food intake, the concept of food addiction in specific clinical populations has become a topic ...of scientific interest. The aim of this study was to validate the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 in a Spanish sample. We also sought to explore food addiction and its clinical correlates in eating disorder (ED) and gambling disorder (GD) patients.Methods: The sample included 301 clinical cases (135 ED and 166 GD), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and 152 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the general population.Results: Food addiction was more prevalent in patients with ED, than in patients with GD and HC (77.8, 7.8, and 3.3%, respectively). Food addiction severity was associated with higher BMI, psychopathology and specific personality traits, such as higher harm avoidance, and lower self-directedness. The psychometrical properties of the Spanish version of the YFAS 2.0 were excellent with good convergent validity. Moreover, it obtained good accuracy in discriminating between diagnostic subtypes.Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Spanish YFAS 2.0 as a reliable and valid tool to assess food addiction among several clinical populations (namely ED and GD). The prevalence of food addiction is heterogeneous between disorders. Common risk factors such as high levels of psychopathology and low self-directedness appear to be present in individuals with food addiction.
Background: Co-morbidity between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and eating disorders (ED) has been previously described; however the effect of this illness on the outcomes for conventional ED ...treatments has not been previously investigated. This study aims to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality features between two samples of ED individuals: those with comorbid T1DM and those without (No-DM); and to identify differences in treatment outcomes between the groups. Methods: This study compares treatment outcome, dropouts, ED psychopathology and personality characteristics for 20 individuals with ED and T1DM and 20 ED patients without diabetes, matched for diagnostic and treatment type. Results: The study found higher dropout rates from therapy in individuals with T1DM and worse treatment outcome in spite of having no significant differences in eating disorder psychopathology, although individuals with T1DM report misusing insulin. Conclusions: The low levels of motivation to change, and insulin abuse in T1DM patients, may suggest that treatment for patients with ED and T1DM should consider the individual's personality and role of insulin abuse when determining the appropriate intervention.
The objective of this study was to identify frequent situations and specific cues that produce the craving to binge in Spanish and Italian samples of patients with eating disorders (ED). There were ...two main aims: to assess transcultural differences in the contexts and cues that elicit food craving; and to develop valid, reliable VR environments for effective cue-exposure therapy (CET) for patients from both countries. Twenty-six Spanish and 75 Italian ED patients completed an ad hoc questionnaire to assess contexts and cues that trigger the craving to binge. No differences between groups were found. All patients reported experiencing higher levels of craving in the afternoon/early evening and in the late evening/night, between meals, when alone, and more frequently at the end of the week. Being in the dining room, the kitchen, the bedroom, the bakery and the supermarket were the specific situations that produced the highest levels of craving to binge. We used the questionnaire results to develop a virtual reality application for CET.
The aims of the study were threefold: 1) analyze differences in symptomatology and general psychopathology among eating disorder (ED) patients and their sisters discordant for eating disorders, 2) ...identify differential personality vulnerabilities between ED patients and their healthy sisters and 3) identify predictors of developing an ED. The sample consisted of 92 female participants (46 ED patients fulfilling DSM-IV-TR criteria vs. 46 healthy sisters). The results showed significant differences in eating symptomatology and general psychopathology among the groups. In terms of personality traits, ED patients had higher harm avoidance (p<.001) and lower self-directedness (p<.001) compared with their discordant sister. Finally, the results showed that having a history of obesity or overweight (p=.027), and specific traits of temperament (high scores on harm avoidance; p=.025) and character (low self-directedness; p=.009) were associated with the development of an ED. These findings suggest that the combination of non-shared environmental factors, such as obesity with specific vulnerabilities of personality, influence the subsequent emergence of an eating disorder. Key words: Eating disorders, Personality traits, Siblings, Predictors, Obesity. Resumen. Los objetivos del presente estudio con pacientes-hermanas fueron: 1) Analizar diferencias existentes en sintomatología alimentaria y psicopatología general entre pacientes con trastorno alimentario (TCA) y hermanas discordantes para el trastorno, 2) Identificar en qué medida pacientes y hermanas presentan vulnerabilidades de personalidad diferenciales; 3) Identificar factores predictores de aparición de TCA. La muestra estuvo formada por 92 participantes mujeres (46 pacientes TCA vs 46 hermanas sanas). Todos los pacientes cumplían criterios DSM-IV para el TCA. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en todas las escalas de sintomatología alimentaria y psicopatología general entre ambos grupos. En términos de rasgos de personalidad, las pacientes con TCA presentaban una mayor evitación del daño (p<.001) y menor auto-dirección (p<.001) al ser comparadas con sus hermanas discordantes para el trastorno. Finalmente, los resultados mostraron que haber tenido historia previa de obesidad o sobrepeso (p=.027) y rasgos específicos de temperamento (elevada evitación al daño; p=.025) y carácter (baja auto-dirección; p=.009) se asociaban al posterior desarrollo de un TCA. La combinación de factores ambientales no compartidos, tales como obesidad con vulnerabilidades específicas de personalidad, influyen en la posterior aparición de un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Palabras clave: Trastornos alimentarios, Rasgos de personalidad, Hermanas, Predictores, Obesidad.
Los objetivos del presente estudio con pacientes-hermanas fueron: 1) Analizar diferencias existentes en sintomatología alimentaria y psicopatología general entre pacientes con trastorno alimentario ...(TCA) y hermanas discordantes para el trastorno, 2) Identificar en qué medida pacientes y hermanas presentan vulnerabilidades de personalidad diferenciales; 3) Identificar factores predictores de aparición de un trastorno alimentario. La muestra estuvo formada por 92 participantes mujeres (46 pacientes TCA vs 46 hermanas sanas). Todos los pacientes cumplían criterios DSM-IV-TR para el TCA. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en todas las escalas de sintomatología alimentaria y psicopatología general entre ambos grupos. En términos de rasgos de personalidad, las pacientes con TCA presentaban una mayor evitación del daño (p<.001) y menor autodirección (p<.001) al ser comparadas con sus hermanas discordantes para el trastorno. Finalmente, los resultados mostraron que haber tenido historia previa de obesidad o sobrepeso (p=.027) y rasgos específicos de temperamento (elevada evitación al daño; p=.025) y carácter (baja autodirección; p=.009) se asociaban al posterior desarrollo de un TCA. La combinación de factores ambientales no compartidos, tales como obesidad con vulnerabilidades específicas de personalidad, influyen en la posterior aparición de un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria.
From a selected sample of 97 males suffering from a first myocardial infarction, 67 patients were studied to ascertain the influence of denial mechanisms (DM) on their cardiological and psychological ...outcome. There were no differences among high deniers and low deniers with respect to the cardiological outcome, but high deniers showed less anxiety and depressive reactions both in the coronary unit and 1 month later, and also presented less psychopathology in general. In the last evaluation, one year after leaving the hospital (
N = 52), there was no difference among deniers and non deniers in demand for psychiatric attention.
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