The findings on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and outcomes in adulthood cover a wide subject area. In order to understand the results of ACE studies and plan adequate ...measures, the role of social work should not be disregarded. This paper studies the topic of ACEs, positive childhood experiences and the association with the subjective experience of poverty, which has rarely been addressed, but is relevant to social work. The research was based on simple and extended ACE questionnaires and was conducted amongst the adult population of Slovenia (n = 4939). The results found that adverse material position is associated with a higher amount of adverse and a lower amount of positive childhood experiences (on average, people with adverse material position have 3.43 ACEs and 7.77 positive experiences, while those with better material position have only 1.75 ACEs and 9.82 positive experiences). Social work needs to provide measures on a systemic level to improve the material position of families and to develop programmes based on the poverty aware paradigm to support partnership and interparental relationships in order to decrease the incidence of ACE. In addition, people need adequate support (e.g. trauma-informed care) when recovering from ACE and to enhance their resilience.
Current nutritional strategies for people with dementia focus on nutritional diets and regimens, although in recent years congruent care for people with dementia has been increasingly recognized to ...improve their wellbeing. This includes consistency of care, respecting the variability of psycho-sociological factors, emphasizing the importance of participation in activities, and congruence with the individual's needs and capabilities. When applied to the nutritional aspects of care, it aims to empower people with dementia to have an active role in their care and during meals. Congruent care has previously shown promising results in improving the quality of life of residents, reducing the incidence of negative social interactions and daily intake of medicines.
A mixed methods qualitative-quantitative study was carried out. Out of 102 residential care homes for the elderly in Slovenia, a non-random sample of homes was selected. Seven homes that have implemented congruent care and five who have not implemented it agreed to participate. Content analysis of the transcripts of focus group interviews was carried out, to establish how the congruent care model was included into their everyday practice of care for people with dementia. Qualitative comparative analysis was used to describe the differences in the practice of care between the two groups of homes, in the fields of nutritional and general care. Frequencies and assigned importance of statements relating to different aspects of nutritional care were statistically compared.
The introduction of congruent care improved the wellbeing of the people with dementia, as observed by caregivers. The homes that had implemented congruent care gave more attention to the food choice aspects of nutritional care (
= 0.0474, 95%CI
= 50.77-72.35%, 95%CI
= 27.65-49.23%), while the homes that had not were more attentive to the dietary intake aspects (
= 0.0067, 95%CI
= 22.79-44.74%, 95%CI
= 55.26-77.21%). In the homes for the elderly that had implemented congruent care, both caregivers and management reported that the frequency of use of
medication decreased, which is supported by the results of the linear regression (
=78.4,
= 0.005), although the data available is limited.
First, the people with dementia in the care homes that had implemented congruent care were observed to have improved in mood, attitudes toward eating and wellbeing, as reported by caregivers. Second, the implementation of congruent care was well received by the management and caregivers of the care homes. A model of implementation of congruent nutritional care for people with dementia is presented.
An overview of the results of the final theses of students of the Faculty of Social Work on social work with people with dementia
A meta-analysis of students' theses from the past five years ...(2016–2020) on the topic of social work with people with dementia is presented. Among the themes explored, work in institutions as well as work in the family setting of people with dementia predominate; community work topics emerge to a lesser extent. Thus, the role of social work and the use of social work methods are researched somewhat more in institutions, but again, only in individual institutions. However, this topic does not appear in research on people with dementia in the home setting. Most research is qualitative and based on non-random convenience samples using interviews as the method of data collection. Often, students explore the challenges and needs of those involved in caring for people with dementia, but with less emphasis on numbers. In the future, the focus will need to be on research on community and on (social) work with people with dementia in their home environments, and the use of social work methods and other forms of work with people with dementia need to be explored in more depth.
Raziskovalna dejavnost v povezavi z izobraževanjem za socialno delo v Sloveniji ima petdesetletno tradicijo. V tem času je bilo izvedenih več kot 170 raziskovalnih in razvojnih projektov, ki so ...pomembno (so)vplivali na razvoj prakse in teorije socialnega dela in izobraževanja za socialno delo. Smernice in globalni standardi za izobraževanje za socialno delo dajejo raziskovanju velik pomen. Analiza opravljenega raziskovalnega in razvojnega dela (tem, namena, populacij, virov financiranja) od leta 1969 kaže, da upoštevamo te smernice. Z raziskovalno-razvojno dejavnostjo smo se raziskovalke in raziskovalci poleg temeljnega namena - razvijati prakso in teorijo socialnega dela - ukvarjali tudi s širšimi družbenimi in političnimi temami (socialno varstvo in socialna politika) in z družbenim položajem populacij, ki so uporabniki socialnovarstvenih storitev. Ugotovitve raziskav so omogočale razvijanje študijskih vsebin in prilagajanje študija socialnega dela aktualnim razmeram v družbi. V času prevladujočega neoliberalizma sta nujna znanstveno raziskovanje in refleksija o družbenem kontekstu, a sta velikokrat otežena že zaradi prevladujočega načina financiranja raziskovalne dejavnosti na podlagi razpisanih tem, ki jih določijo odločevalci, to pa ne sovpada nujno z zaznanimi potrebami ali interesom raziskovalk in raziskovalcev.
Ljudje, ki zaradí stisk ob motnjah hranjenja potrebujejo pomoč in podporo, se pogosto prej kot k sociálním delavkam obračajo k virtualnim skupnostim, saj so hitreje dostopne. V socialnem delu so t. ...i. pro-ana spletne strani slabo znane. V članku so prikazane do zdaj znane ugotovitve o koristnih in škodljivih vplivih pro-ana strani in o pomenu, ki ga lahko imajo za socialno delo. Predstavljena je kvalitativna raziskava na neslučajnostnem priložnostnem vzorcu 20 ljudi, ki obiskujejo pro-ana spletne strani. Poglavitna vloga pro-ana spletnih strani je, da uporabnicam ponujajo možnost anonimnega pridobivanja informacij, vodenja in čustvene podpore. Na eni strani jim pomenijo občutek vključenosti vskupnost, a imajo lahko tudi negativne učinke, saj nekatere pro-ana spletne strani spodbujajo k motnjam hranjenja. Zato je pomembno, da kot socialne delavke razumemo, kaj uporabnice na spletnih straneh pritegne in katere svoje potrebe tam lažje in hitreje zadovoljijo, da bomo ob srečanju z njimi znali ponuditi ustrezno podporo in pomoč.
The anthology stands for critical-political and transformative social work. In twelve contributions in German and four in English, the authors discuss three overarching goals: affordable housing, an ...engaged society and an economy of solidarity. They look at problems such as poverty and the precarisation of working conditions and offer answers in a critical professionalism and in the voices of the addressees.
V zadnjih letih se je na področju socialnega varstva zgodilo nekaj pomembnih sprememb zakonodaje. Varčevalni ukrepi ulade so posegli na področje plač in napredovanj zaposlenih v javnem sektorju. ...Večinoma so dosedanje raziskave prikazovale le posledice sprememb za uporabnike. V tem članku prikazujemo rezultate kvalitativne (meta)analize ugotovitev raziskav zaključnih del na Fakulteti za socialno delo med letoma 2012 in 2015, ki so kot teme obravnavale zaposlovanje v organizacijah na področju socialnega varstva, delovne razmere in kakovost delovnega življenja. Rezultati kažejo, da je zaposlenim težje zadovoljevati predvsem potrebe »imeti« (plača, nagrajevanje), da se v nekaterih okoljih počutijo manj varne zaradi groženj uporabnikov in da je okrnjeno zadovoljevanje potreb »biti« (manj možnosti strokovnega razvoja). Področje, na katero spremembe zakonodaje in varčevanje očitno (še) niso pomembno vplivali, je zadovoljevanje potreb« ljubiti«. Odnosi med zaposlenimi ostajajo tisti vidik, ki je večinoma dobro ocenjen. Na podlagi ugotovljenih pomanjkljivosti predlagamo sistemske spremembe, ki bi omogočile boljše delovne razmere, in organizacijske spremembe znotraj delovnega okolja, ki bi omogočile večjo podporo zaposlenim za opravljanje strokovnega dela, ki bo zadovoljevalo potrebe uporabnikov.
V članku so prikazani rezultati analize preučevanja ukrepov za izboljšanje položaja oseb z ovirami. Analiza zakonodaje na splošni (makro) ravni pokaže, da ta vsebuje pozitivne vidike (splošna načela ...o prepovedi diskriminacije, možnost zaposlovanja v običajnem delovnem okolju, spodbude za delodajalce, ki zaposlujejo več oseb z ovirami), pomanjkljivosti pa so v prevladovanju ukrepov oz. možnosti zaposlovanja oseb z ovirami v okoljih, ki so prostorsko segregirana od običajnega delovnega okolja. Hkrati odsotnost področja zaposlovanja v splošnem zakonu o zagotavljanju enakih možnosti oseb z ovirami povzroči, da preprečevanju diskriminacije ne namenjamo dovolj pozornosti. Analiza na izvedbeni (mezo) ravni pokaže, da se osebe z ovirami bolj vključujejo v zaposlitve v okoljih, za katere tudi (nekateri) izvajalci zaposlitvene rehabilitacije navajajo, da ne pomenijo prave socialne vključenosti. Nekatere težave pri izvajanju storitev zaposlitvene rehabilitacije nakazujejo na odsotnost uporabe konceptov socialnega dela. Na mikroravni je opaziti, da je v primerih, ko imajo osebe same dovolj virov ali podpore, vključevanje v običajno delovno okolje lažje. Osebam, ki so pri tem manj uspešne ali neuspešne, pa sistem zaposlitvene rehabilitacije omogoča, da najdejo okolja in možnosti za zaposlitev.
Zdrav življenjski slog starih ljudi Cesar, Katarina; Gabrovec, Branko; Rihter, Liljana
Socialno Delo,
12/2021, Volume:
60, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Izziv dolgožive družbe je, kako zagotoviti takšno podporo in pomoč, da se bomo lahko starali čim bolj zdravo in samostojno. V članku je prikazano, kaj so pomembni dejavniki kakovostnega staranja, še ...posebej pomen zdravega življenjskega sloga in znotraj tega aktivnosti gibanja in socialnih omrežij. Kvantitativna raziskava na neslučajnostnem priložnostnem vzorcu 209 ljudi, starejših od 65 let, izvedena s pomočjo ankete, je pokazala, da skoraj vsi anketirani stari ljudje ocenjujejo, da lahko vzdržujejo zdrav življenjski slog in da na njihovo življenje najbolj vpliva starost. Z gibanjem se Jih vsaj trikrat na teden ukvarja skoraj polovica, a pogostejša aktivnost ni povezana z boljšim zdravstvenim stanjem. Več kot polovica ima na voljo tri ali več oseb, na katere se lahko obrnejo po pomoč, in ti tudi bolje ocenjujejo svoje zdravje. Ni pa samoocena zdravja povezana s pogostostjo druženja. Bolj izobraženi pogosteje menijo, da lahko s svojim načinom življenja vplivajo na zdravje. Seznanjenost z aktivnostmi in dogod ki za zdrav življenjski slog pa jeslaba. Za spodbujanje zdravega življenjskega sloga so potrebni ukrepi na vseh ravneh - mikro, mezo in makro.
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