Disorders in the child's neurological development caused by perinatal risks can lead to long-term altered neurological signs that begin at an early age and involve persistent functional disorders. ...Recent data suggest that tissue dysfunction, not just acute damage, may initiate or perpetuate an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to find out if any neurological dysfunction in preschool children secondary to damage generated during the perinatal period is associated with the magnitude of perinatal risks and long-term modifications in the serum concentrations of inflammatory molecules. The participants, aged 1-4 years, were on neurodevelopmental follow-up and rehabilitation therapy from the first three months of life and had no acute disease data. We classified the children into three groups according to the importance of their perinatal risks: low, medium, and high. The results show that 1) the magnitude of perinatal risks correlated with the severity of neurological dysfunction; 2) the greatest changes in the concentrations of the molecules of the inflammatory process were associated with the most altered neurological signs. This suggests that persistent nervous system dysfunction keeps inflammatory responses active even in the absence of an acute process of infection or damage.
ANTECEDENTES: Las escalas Bayley son una herramienta ampliamente reportada para la evaluación del desarrollo en los primeros años de vida. Estudios que comparan la segunda edición (BSID-II) y la ...tercera (B III), informan puntuaciones más altas de lo esperado usando B-III, otros asumen que el BSID-II presenta mayores exigencias a las de varias poblaciones. No existen reportes en población hispanohablante.
OBJETIVO: Comparar puntuaciones y clasificación de ambas versiones en niños con antecedentes de riesgo perinatal.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo en 671 niños de 0 a 42 meses, con antecedentes de riesgo perinatal. Se utilizaron las escalas BSID-II y B-III. Cada participante fue evaluado en una sola sesión. Para la comparación entre ambas pruebas, se calculó la media de las puntuaciones del B-III de las escalas cognitiva y de lenguaje, denominado Puntaje Compuesto Lenguaje-Cognitivo (PC-LC).
RESULTADOS: La media del PC-LC del B-III fue 14.04 puntos mayor a la del Índice de Desarrollo (ID) Mental BSID-II, y el Puntaje Compuesto Motor (PC-Motora del B-III) 17.87 puntos más alta que el ID Motor BSID-II. Las regresiones lineales para estimar los ID Mental BSID-II a partir del B-III mostraron valores de r2 = 0.55 y por rango de edad con r2 de 0.52 a 0.84 y para el ID Motor BSID-II con r2 de 0.58 en general, y para los 7 rangos con r2 entre 0.51 a 0.75
CONCLUSIONES. Con el BSID-II se observa mayor presencia de alteraciones en ambas subescalas. El BSID-II subestima el desarrollo del niño respecto al B-III.
Challenges of diverse origin in childhood can alter the growth and development of the central nervous system, affecting structures and functions. As a consequence of the damage suffered during the ...perinatal period, long periods of dysfunctionality may occur, such as regulatory disorders, which may result in remaining in a process of low-grade inflammation. We previously found that perinatal risks and neurological signs are associated with long-term changes in circulating concentrations of molecules of the inflammatory process, findings that are consistent with the postulate that long periods of dysfunction may condition long-lasting low-grade inflammation or parainflammation. The aim of this study was to assess whether different expressions of neurological disorders show variations in their inflammatory molecule profiles or whether there is a common pattern.
We included screening for (a) caregiver-perceived risk detection of regulatory disturbances, using the DeGangi instrument; (b) dysautonomia or asymmetries, through neurodevelopmental assessments; (c) cognitive developmental disturbances (using the Bailey instrument). We assessed protein molecules on a multiplex system, and lipid molecules by ELISA.
We found a similar, although not identical, pattern of cytokine profiles with the presence of risk of regulatory disturbances, dysautonomia and asymmetries; but an opposite inflammatory profile was associated with cognitive impairment.
Our results suggest that there are diverse, probably limited, molecular footprints associated with impaired function, and that these footprints may depend on the response requirements necessary to adjust to the altered internal environment. Here we propose a theoretical model that suggests possible scenarios for inflammatory outcomes associated with chronic challenges.
The concept of participation was reviewed as a component of children's citizenship in order to promote a programme for Integral Development. A narrative revision of the literature was carried out as ...well as a group discussion was organized along with the staff of an Integral Care Programme, in order to identify notions of democracy and child citizenship related to care and rearing. Some elements that favoured the child participation and some parenting skills were identified. Among the elements that must be encouraged in children are: the development of emotional, cognitive and communicative skills and promotion of decision-making; among the parent skills development included are: sensitivity and responsivity; establishing routines and participation experiences. It is important to stand out that the identified elements to promote child participation and parental competences should be adapted to every specific cultural context.
Sampling rate in the dynamic speckle analysis Rivera, Fernando Pujaico; González-Peña, Rolando J.; Braga-Jr, Roberto A.
Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics,
10/2022, Volume:
128, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Dynamic laser speckle and its biological version (biospeckle laser) have been used in many areas of knowledge. Its non-invasive approach allows the application in advantage regarding those that need ...contact or damage the analyzed sample. However, one needs the sharp adjust of the image acquiring and processing. In this article, we show how the variation of sampling rate in a dynamic speckle analysis affects the value of dynamic speckle indexes concerning the absolute value of the differences index, the temporal speckle standard deviation index, and the temporal speckle mean index. We show that the dynamic speckle index value changes its maximum excursion with the variation of sampling rate, affected directly by the camera's time integration (time of exposure). We highlight the importance of knowing the frequency band of the analyzed phenomenon and its signal to choose the appropriate sampling rate, with the recommendation of using the lowest sampling rate possible—without compromise the speckle grains—to obtain an acceptable maximum excursion and an illumination level with a good signal–noise ratio. The results will help those who work with the phenomenon/technique to enhance their analysis tailoring the set up and yielding reliable results, since the optical method demands a rigorous bias of the image acquiring and processing.
INTRODUCTION: The first hours of life are still a window of opportunity to identify at-risk newborns, but there are few studies focusing on early neonatal behavior.OBJECTIVE: Describe in a cross ...section the behavior of newborns born in conditions of low perinatal risk under 48 hours of extrauterine life and compare it with historical referents.METHOD: We studied 47 newborns with low perinatal risk, whose behavior was assessed using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Scores were obtained by item and area, and then were compared with 7 historical referents.RESULTS: Low scores were found, both by item and by areas in up to 25% of the population. NBAS scores were related primarily with age of newborn, weight, and height. Significant differences were found in relation to referents for which higher scores were reported in the majority of cases.CONCLUSIONS: A pattern was found of behavior, in which the same areas or items caused greater or lesser difficulty in achieving higher scores or those which required a certain level of adaptation to the environment, which would lead us to believe that our newborns should attain the scores seen in other populations as they advance in age.
Dynamic laser speckle phenomenon allows a contactless and nondestructive way to monitor biological changes that are quantified by second-order statistics applied in the images in time using a ...secondary matrix known as time history of the speckle pattern (THSP). To avoid being time consuming, the traditional way to build the THSP restricts the data to a line or column. Our hypothesis is that the spatial restriction of the information could compromise the results, particularly when undesirable and unexpected optical inhomogeneities occur, such as in cell culture media. It tested a spatial random approach to collect the points to form a THSP. Cells in a culture medium and in drying paint, representing homogeneous samples in different levels, were tested, and a comparison with the traditional method was carried out. An alternative random selection based on a Gaussian distribution around a desired position was also presented. The results showed that the traditional protocol presented higher variation than the outcomes using the random method. The higher the inhomogeneity of the activity map, the higher the efficiency of the proposed method using random points. The Gaussian distribution proved to be useful when there was a well-defined area to monitor.
OBJETIVO: Examinar las relaciones entre la Dinámica Familiar, la Interacción Cuidador- Niño y el Desarrollo Infantil en infantes de 29 meses o menos de edad, antes de su exposición a un programa de ...intervención temprana. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Por muestreo no probabilístico, se evaluaron diadas cuidador-niño que acudieron a un centro de promoción del desarrollo infantil en: 1) desarrollo infantil (con la prueba EDI), 2) interacción cuidador-niño (con el instrumento NCAST) o 3) dinámica familiar (con los instrumentos APGAR Familiar y ERI). RESULTADOS: La disfunción familiar (64%), las dificultades interactivas del cuidador (54.05%) en sensibilidad (no permitir al niño explorar), responder a la angustia del niño (consolar con toques suaves, caricias, besos, etc.), en fomento al crecimiento socio-emocional (demostraciones físicas de afecto) y fomento al desarrollo cognitivo (no describir propiedades perceptibles de los materiales, utilizar lenguaje ambiguo, no usar descripciones verbales y ejemplos al enseñar al niño), y el riesgo de retraso para el desarrollo infantil (70.5%) fueron algo común. Motricidad gruesa y lenguaje fueron las áreas con mayor rezago (27% y 52%, respectivamente). Se encontraron correlaciones de la Dinámica Familiar, con la Interacción Cuidador-Niño y el Desarrollo Infantil. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio aporta evidencia inicial sobre la pertinencia de incluir la dinámica familiar como otra variable de evaluación/intervención para potenciar el efecto de los programas de intervención temprana.
•Diode lasers are reliable for use as a coherent source in dynamic laser speckle.•The stability of diode lasers is better than the stability of He-Ne lasers regarding speckle applications.•The signal ...to noise ratio in lasers can be improved using relative measurements.•Relative measurements can be observed using outcomes in dB.
The biospeckle, or dynamic laser speckle, is used as a potential tool to monitor activity in many biological and non-biological materials from agriculture to medicine, and it is usually based on the use of He-Ne and diode lasers, the latter of which has great potential to be embedded in portable equipment. Some queries about the stability of the diode laser were raised, such as the real influence of the mode hopping phenomenon as a drawback in solid-state devices in comparison to the well-known He-Ne lasers, and thus we decided to test it. In addition, we present an alternative way to enhance the stability and the signal-to-noise ratio of the information using a relative index rather than the absolute and single data traditionally provided and analysed. We compared the He-Ne and diode lasers using a power light sensor, and the usual dynamic laser speckle indexes (DLSI). We tested both cases using a clean and inert surface, as well as a drying paint process. To test the relative index, we used two different temporal series of speckle patterns and created a signal-to-noise ratio in dB, using a drying paint process, and in a raw data of a drying paint process associated to a drop of alcohol. The results show that the stability of the diode laser is greater than that of the He-Ne laser in all cases, breaking the paradigm of the stability of He-Ne devices. The signal-to-noise ration showed reliable results when the named dynamic laser speckle relative index (DLSRI) in dB was adopted.
Uno de los instrumentos más utilizados a nivel internacional en la vigilancia del desarrollo del niño es la segunda versión del Denver Developmental Screening Test (DENVER II), del cual se han hecho ...evaluaciones y modificaciones en varios países, a partir de la estimación de la edad de presentación de los reactivos, pues constituye la base de su estructura y validez. Objetivo. Identificar las edades y secuencias de presentación de los reactivos del Test Denver II en los cuatro primeros años de vida en niños de condición socioeconómica baja de una comunidad del Estado de Morelos, México. Método. Se realizaron 2350 evaluaciones a niños de 0 a 48 meses de edad. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística se estimó la edad de presentación de cada reactivo para los percentiles 25, 50, 75 y 90. Se establecieron diferencias con los valores de referencia del instrumento con base en los intervalos de confianza al 95% para el percentil 90. Resultados. De los 98 reactivos evaluados, 42 se presentaron con retraso; 23 no mostraron diferencias estadísticas y 33 se lograron antes por los niños del estudio. En las áreas Motor grueso y Personal-social predominaron los retrasos en 19/25 y 11/21 reactivos respectivamente. Por el contrario en Motor Fino-Adaptativo y Lenguaje predominaron los adelantos en 11 de 22 y 16 de 30 reactivos. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en las edades y secuencias de presentación de los reactivos del Test de Denver II en la población estudiada. Se recomienda realizar ajustes antes de implementar su uso en contextos socioculturales específicos.
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