Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 960–971
Summary
Background Hepatitis C virus infection evolves into chronic progressive liver disease in a significant percentage of patients. Monocytes constitute a ...diverse group of myeloid cells that mediate innate and adaptive immune response. In addition to proinflammatory CD16+ monocytes, a Tie‐2+ subgroup – Tie‐2 expressing monocytes (TEMs) – that has robust proangiogenic potential has been recently defined.
Aim To study the heterogeneity of peripheral blood monocytes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and to examine their proposed pathophysiological roles on disease progression and response to antiviral therapy.
Methods We studied CD16+ and Tie‐2+ peripheral monocyte subpopulations in 21 healthy subjects and 39 CHC patients in various stages of disease and responses to antiviral treatment using flow cytometry. Expression profiles of proangiogenic and tissue remodelling factors in monocyte supernatants were measured using ELISA and protein arrays. Intrahepatic expression of CD14, CD31 and Tie‐2 was analysed using immunofluorescence.
Results Increases of certain peripheral monocyte subsets were observed in the blood of CHC patients, wherein those cells with proinflammatory (CD16+) or proangiogenic (TEMs) potential expanded (P < 0.005, both). Notably, TEMs were significantly increased in nonresponders, particularly those with lower CD16 expression. In addition, many angiogenic factors were differentially expressed by peripheral monocytes from control or CHC patients, such as angiopoietin‐1 and angiogenin (P < 0.05). Interestingly, intrahepatic TEMs were distinguished within portal infiltrates of CHC patients.
Conclusions These findings suggest for the first time the relevance of peripheral monocytes phenotypes for the achievement of response to treatment. Hence, the study of monocyte subset regulation might effect improved CHC prognoses and adjuvant therapies.
Insulinoma de páncreas que imita epilepsia Martínez-Montalvo, C. M.; Muñoz-Delgado, D. Y.; Rodríguez-Bolaños, J. H. ...
Revista Colombiana de endocrinología, diabetes & metabolismo,
03/2021, Volume:
7, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
El insulinoma es una neoplasia endocrina funcional rara, que provoca un estado hiperinsulínico hipoglucémico derivado de la ausencia de regulación endocrina de la secreción de insulina. Su incidencia ...es de 1 a 5 caso por millón de personas al año a nivel mundial. Es la sintomatología más comúnmente manifestada por síntomas neuroglucopénicos y simpaticoadrenales. El diagnóstico se establece por la tríada de Whipple, los niveles elevados de insulina, el péptido C, la proinsulina y los niveles disminuidos de betahidroxibutirato, además de descartar el uso de sulfonilureas. El manejo de elección es la resección quirúrgica, dado su alto nivel de benignidad y curación total. Se presenta el caso de un hombre en manejo anticonvulsivante por epilepsia con refractariedad de síntomas, quien debutó con cuadro de hipoglucemia grave necesaria para el diagnóstico de insulinoma, con manejo quirúrgico y resolución del cuadro de base.
Introduction: Previous reports have proposed that Periodontal disease (PDis) predisposes to Alzheimer's disease (AD), both highly prevalent pathologies among the elderly. The bacteria Aggregatibacter ...actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), associated with the most aggressive forms of PDis, are classified in different serotypes with distinct virulence according to the antigenicity of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Here, we determined the effects of purified LPS, from serotypes a, b or c of Aa, on primary cultures of microglia or mixed hippocampal cells. Results: We found that both culture types exhibited higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) when treated with serotype b-LPS, compared with controls, as quantified by qPCR and/or ELISA. Also, cultures treated with serotype a-LPS displayed increased mRNA levels of the modulatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Mixed hippocampal cultures treated with serotype b-LPS exhibited severe neuronal morphological changes and displayed increased levels of secreted Aβ
1-42
peptide. These results indicate that LPS from different Aa serotypes triggers discriminatory immune responses, which differentially affect primary hippocampal cells. Conclusion: Altogether, our results show that treatment with serotype b-LPS triggers the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by microglia, induces neurite shrinking, and increases the extracellular Aβ1-42 levels, all features strongly associated with the etiology of AD.
Zinc stannate (ZTO) ceramic powders were synthesized by a modified Pechini method. The nanoparticles synthesized at 900 °C were characterized using thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), infrared (IR), UV–Vis ...absorption and Raman spectroscopies, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Characterization revealed a mixture of phases of perovskite-type ZnSnO3 and spinel cubic Zn2SnO4, with a primary particle size of <50 nm, and a gap energy of ~4.10 eV. Using the obtained ceramic powders, green pieces were formed by slip casting and sintered at 1200 °C and 1400 °C. Finally, the effect of the presence of oxygen and acetone atmospheres on the electrical response of the sintered ZTO pieces at 1200 °C was evaluated. The tests showed an appreciable variation in the resistance of the samples on altering the nature of the atmosphere of the gas surrounding the piece, indicating good sensory capacity of the ZTO pieces to these gases.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) influence many cellular processes, including the modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription activity (STAT) in response to interferon (IFN). To ...identify genetic markers that help optimize the IL-28B prediction of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) sustained virological response (SVR), we evaluated 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HDAC1-11. Three SNPs, rs3778216, rs976552 and rs368328 in HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC5, respectively, were independently associated with SVR (P<0.05). The addition of these three HDAC's SNPs to the IL-28B predictive model (area under the curve (AUC)=0.630) rendered an important improvement of AUC-receiver operating characteristic value (AUC=0.747, P=0.021). Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis denoted the significance of the rs3778216 C/C genotype in identifying a group of good responders despite carrying IL-28B T allele (79.2% of SVR), whereas HDAC5 G allele characterized a subgroup with poor response rate (25.5%). However, HDAC3 rs976552 did not display a relevant role for the hierarchical classification of patients. Variables related to SVR in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) cohort were the same of those obtained for the overall population. Interestingly, in non-HCV-1 patients (n=56) the HDAC2 C/C genotype was the unique predictive variable related to SVR (AUC=0.733, P<0.007). Thus, these preliminary results suggest the potential usefulness of combined IL-28B and HDAC genotyping for the CHC patients' classification by likelihood of an SVR.
Though there may not be consensus regarding the toxicity of glyphosate, given the strong interest in its removal from water sources nanotechnology was used in this work to that end. Nanoparticles of ...zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized in a controlled manner by chemical route. The ZnO powders were then characterized by infrared and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the capacity for removal, aqueous solutions of the Monsanto herbicide Roundup 747 SG containing 679 g/kg of glyphosate were adjusted to obtain glyphosate-ZnO-NP suspensions of 250 ppm–250 ppm, 700 ppm–700 ppm, 1000 ppm–1000 ppm, 1000 ppm–250 ppm and 1000 ppm–700 ppm and these were used to carry out the tests. The % Removal curves obtained indicate that the ZnO-NPs removed between ~70% and 90% of the herbicide in the system. While the UV–Vis absorption spectra showed small displacements of the absorption maximum and the appearance of other small bands, indicating herbicide degradation, adsorption proved to be the most important removal mechanism. The kinetics of the process was suitably described by a pseudo second order equation, although it is not possible to rule out, for some glyphosate-ZnO-NP concentration ratios, the importance of intraparticle diffusion. These results indicate that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were efficient in the removal of glyphosate in aqueous solutions at the laboratory level.
Display omitted
•ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were obtaining by Controlled precipitation method.•The ZnO-NPs showed an efficient removal of Glyphosate without UV irradiation.•Removal of glyphosate between 70% and 90% was caused by the synthesized ZnO-NPs.•A pseudo-second-order equation described the removal of glyphosate by ZnO-NPs.
Pieces of porous polycrystalline SnO
2
with and without cobalt have been formed by the slip-casting method, using ceramic powders synthesized by the controlled precipitation method. A ...suitable␣methodology was developed for forming and sintering the pieces to enable controlled modification of their microstructure, principally grain size, porosity, and type of intergranular contacts. Better control of the microstructure was obtained in the samples containing cobalt. In these, predominance of open necks and intergranular contacts was observed, which can represent Schottky barriers. Because of its good structural homogeneity, porosity, and small grain size (of the order of 1
μ
m), the sample with 2 mol.% Co sintered at 1250°C for 2 h was selected for electrical characterization by complex impedance spectroscopy, varying the operating temperature, concentration and nature of the surrounding gas (air or CO), and bias voltage. The resulting
R
p
and
C
p
curves were very sensitive to variation in these parameters, being most obvious for the
C
p
curves, which showed a phenomenon of low-frequency dispersion when bias voltages other than zero were used, in the presence of O
2
, and at operating temperature of 280°C. The electrical behavior of the SnO
2
with 2 mol.% Co sample sintered at 1250°C was consistent with the nature and microstructural characteristics of the active material and was justified based on the presence of shallow- and deep-type defects, and variations in barrier height and width, caused by adsorption of gas molecules.
PDF
