Il reste que tout acte médical est, et sera toujours, un acte individuel qui a pour but de répondre à une souffrance, face à laquelle le raisonnement et la conscience du médecin doivent apporter une ...réponse
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Pierre Gallois,
Mieux soigner, Le Seuil, Paris 1996.
Imaging of cancer prostate Ghouadni, Mehdi; Sandoz, Catherine; Eiss, David ...
La revue du praticien,
2003-Dec-31, Volume:
53, Issue:
20
Magazine Article
Imaging of prostate cancer relies mainly on ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It plays a diagnostic role in detecting and staging prostate carcinomas. Prostate biopsies are ...performed under endorectal US guidance at best with additional colour Doppler information. US also may provide useful information regarding the significance of an abnormal digital rectal examination sometimes related to some benign prostate alterations that can mimic a neoplastic nodule. In all cases imaging studies need to be interpreted in light of clinical and biological data including the results of biopsy especially in staging carcinoma with MR. Finally, CT and scintigraphy are helpful in screening for distant metastases.
The complex architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises distinct dynamic features, many at the nanoscale, that enable the coexistence of the nuclear envelope, regions of dense sheets and ...a branched tubular network that spans the cytoplasm. A key player in the formation of ER sheets is cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63 (CLIMP-63). The mechanisms by which CLIMP-63 coordinates ER structure remain elusive. Here, we address the impact of S-acylation, a reversible post-translational lipid modification, on CLIMP-63 cellular distribution and function. Combining native mass-spectrometry, with kinetic analysis of acylation and deacylation, and data-driven mathematical modelling, we obtain in-depth understanding of the CLIMP-63 life cycle. In the ER, it assembles into trimeric units. These occasionally exit the ER to reach the plasma membrane. However, the majority undergoes S-acylation by ZDHHC6 in the ER where they further assemble into highly stable super-complexes. Using super-resolution microscopy and focused ion beam electron microscopy, we show that CLIMP-63 acylation-deacylation controls the abundance and fenestration of ER sheets. Overall, this study uncovers a dynamic lipid post-translational regulation of ER architecture.
The wider societal attitudes held toward mothers' breastfeeding in public seem to impact infant feeding choices. The present study employed an online (N = 396) experimental pretest-posttest design ...set to examine whether a mere exposure effect of briefly viewing and rating the valence of four different images of public breastfeeding (i.e., mother and baby alone, females in background, males in background, and females and males in background) would impact on participants' attitudes toward a mother breastfeeding in public. There was a marginal increase in the positive attitudes toward public breastfeeding at Time 2 when compared with Time 1 following exposure to the four images. These findings support a potential positive mere exposure effect in enhancing attitudes toward breastfeeding in public. This suggests a greater use of promotional material using visual stimuli may improve societal acceptance of breastfeeding in public.
Dans la conférence inaugurale qu’il donne au congrès de l’Association des bibliothécaires de France (ABF) en 2022, le sociologue Denis Merklen observe la bibliothèque par ce qu’elle relie et ce ...qu’elle sépare, par l’espace spécifique qu’elle délimite pour donner accès à des localités autres, ou autrement familières. Instituant un dedans autant qu’un dehors, la bibliothèque analysée par Denis Merklen est définie comme une force de transformation sociale. En rebond, un collectif de bibliothécaires et de spécialistes de l'institution se saisissent de ce texte initial et nous proposent, depuis leur terrain d’expérience, des parcours de lecture, témoignages et bifurcations. Des regards croisés qui nous interpellent sur les enjeux actuels de la lecture publique.
Synaptic plasticity associated with an important wave of gene transcription and protein synthesis underlies long-term memory processes. Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in a variety of neuronal ...functions and indirect evidence suggests that it may be involved in synaptic plasticity and in the regulation of gene expression correlated to long-term memory formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether Ca2+ is necessary and sufficient for inducing long-term memory formation. A suitable model to address this question is the Pavlovian appetitive conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex in the honeybee Apis mellifera, in which animals learn to associate an odor with a sucrose reward.
By modulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) in the brain, we show that: (i) blocking Ca2+i increase during multiple-trial conditioning selectively impairs long-term memory performance; (ii) conversely, increasing Ca2+i during single-trial conditioning triggers long-term memory formation; and finally, (iii) as was the case for long-term memory produced by multiple-trial conditioning, enhancement of long-term memory performance induced by a Ca2+i increase depends on de novo protein synthesis.
Altogether our data suggest that during olfactory conditioning Ca2+ is both a necessary and a sufficient signal for the formation of protein-dependent long-term memory. Ca2+ therefore appears to act as a switch between short- and long-term storage of learned information.
The main concern with whiplash is that a large proportion of whiplash patients experience disabling symptoms or whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) for months if not years following the accident. ...Therefore, identifying early prognostic factors of WAD development is important as WAD have widespread clinical and economic consequences. In order to tackle that question, our study was specifically aimed at combining several methods of investigation in the same WAD patients at the acute stage and 6 months later. Our longitudinal, open, prospective, multi-center study included 38 whiplash patients, and 13 healthy volunteers matched for age, gender, and socio-economic status with the whiplash group. Whiplash patients were evaluated 15-21 days after road accident, and 6 months later. At each appointment, patients underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, a full clinical neurological examination, neurophysiological and postural tests, oto-neurological tests, cervical spine cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tractography (DTI). At 6 months, whiplash patients were categorized into two subgroups based on the results of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as having either favorable or unfavorable progression an unfavorable classification corresponding to the presence of post-concussion symptom (PCS) and we searched retrospectively for early prognostic factors of WAD predicting the passage to chronicity. We found that patients displaying high level of catastrophizing at the acute stage and/or post-traumatic stress disorder associated with either abnormalities in head or trunk kinematics, abnormal test of the otolithic function and at the Equitest or a combination of these syndromes, turned to chronicity. This study suggests that low-grade whiplash patients should be submitted as early as possible after the trauma to neuropsychological and motor control tests in a specialized consultation. In addition, they should be evaluated by a neuro-otologist for a detailed examination of vestibular functions, which should include cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Then, if diagnosed at risk of WAD, these patients should be subjected to an intensive preventive rehabilitation program, including vestibular rehabilitation if required.
Comment faire des préconisations en matière de lecture et d’écriture au début de l’école élémentaire sans connaitre les pratiques des enseignants, sans mesurer l’efficacité de ces pratiques, sans ...saisir la complexité des premiers apprentissages ? Et comment documenter les choix des enseignants ? Dans cette perspective, le présent numéro interroge le point de vue des enseignants et cherche à comprendre comment ces derniers organisent, dans l’espace de la classe, les occasions de développer des compétences à l’écrit, avec quels objectifs, quelle progression, quels modes d’évaluation et quels choix pédagogiques. Au fond, la grande question est celle de la description mais aussi de la compréhension de la complexité des situations scolaires et des apprentissages de l’écrit dans ses diverses dimensions. De ce point de vue, la variété et la richesse des articles de ce numéro sont prometteuses. Certains ont pour caractéristique d’aborder frontalement des questions vives comme celle de l’enseignement de la compréhension ou celle des élèves à profil particulier. D’autres s’intéressent à l’écriture, dans ses aspects graphomoteurs tout comme dans son lien à la lecture. Ont aussi été retenues des contributions analysant des dimensions de l’apprentissage de l’écrit qui défraient moins la chronique quand il s’agit du CP et du CE1 : l’étude de la langue, l’acculturation à l’écrit, la pratique de la poésie, la prise en compte des langues des élèves, l’usage du tableau. Au travers de cinq articles qui nous livrent les premiers résultats de la recherche Lire‑écrire au CP et de cinq autres rendant compte de recherches variées, ce numéro permet d’appréhender, dans leur complexité, les pratiques enseignantes en ce qui concerne le lire et l’écrire au début de l’école obligatoire. Pour ce qui est de l’efficacité de ces pratiques, le questionnement est ici amorcé même si les conséquences des choix des enseignants, notamment sur le développement des compétences littéraciques des élèves, demandent à être explorées plus avant. À ce sujet, le temps scolaire n’étant pas extensible, il est capital de chercher, dès à présent, des effets de seuil et d’aboutir à des propositions équilibrées. L’efficacité est sans doute en effet affaire d’imbrication, de hiérarchisation et de dosage. How to make recommendations regarding reading and writing at the beginning of primary school without knowing teachers’ practices, without measuring the efficiency of their practices, without seizing the complexity of early learnings? And how to document teachers’ choices? The present issue questions teachers’ points of view and tries to understand how they organize, in the classroom, the development of literacy skills, with which objectives, which progress, which modes of evaluation and which educational choices. In fact, the big question is that of the description of the complexity of school situations regarding literacy learning. From this point of view, the variety of papers in this issue is promising. Some of them face issues such as the teaching of understanding or that of the pupils with special needs. Others are interested in the graphomotricity of writing, or in its link with reading. Others deal with the study of grammar, literacy acculturation, the practice of poetry, the use of the blackboard. Five articles deliver the first results of the national research “Reading and writing in 1P” and five others report varied researches. All in all, this issue enables readers to understand literacy teaching practices at the beginning of compulsory education. As for the efficiency of teaching practices, the questioning has now begun, even if the consequences of teachers’ choices, in particular on the development of pupils’ literacy skills, has to be explored further. School time not being stretchable, it is a major issue to look for threshold effects and to end up with well-balanced proposals.
Aux origines de Lyon Bellon, Catherine; Burnouf, Joëlle; Desbat, Armand ...
Alpara eBooks,
1989
eBook, Book
Open access
Depuis quelques années, Lyon a connu un nombre impressionnant de chantiers de sauvetage - qui ont plus d’une fois défrayé la chronique ! La rue des Farges, le Verbe-Incarné, les fouilles liées au ...métro, d’autres encore. Ces chantiers ont livré des masses considérables d’informations et de matériel, qui renouvellent en grande partie nos connaissances. Ce livre, qui est né d’une rencontre scientifique, se propose de faire le point sur les origines de Lyon. En premier lieu, sont présentés les principaux résultats des découvertes qui ont mis au jour, à Gorge-de-Loup, une installation des VIe et Ve siècles. Puis, 400 ans s’étant écoulés, on se retrouve au Ier s. av. J.-C. : Lyon a-t-elle connu, avant la fondation de Plancus, une occupation gauloise ? César y installa-t-il un camp ? Pourquoi et comment se fit la fondation coloniale ? Les textes antiques ont été repris, re-traduits et commentés. Les fossés du Verbe-Incarné sont décrits et étudiés : ouvrage militaire ? de quand ? Les installations les plus anciennes de Fourvière et de la Sarra sont analysées et leur matériel disséqué. Les conclusions ? Elles mettent plutôt à mal les théories reçues. Cet ouvrage collectif a mobilisé de nombreux chercheurs. Il ne s’adresse pas seulement au milieu scientifique. Les informations qu’il apporte sont aussi destinées aux enseignants et, plus largement, à tous ceux qui - à Lyon et bien au-delà - s’intéressent aux racines de la métropole des Gaules.
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