Aims
The concept of using specific dietary components to selectively modulate the gut microbiota to confer a health benefit, defined as prebiotics, originated in 1995. In 2018, a group of scientists ...met at the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics annual meeting in Singapore to discuss advances in the prebiotic field, focussing on issues affecting functionality, research methodology and geographical differences.
Methods and Results
The discussion ranged from examining scientific literature supporting the efficacy of established prebiotics, to the prospects for establishing health benefits associated with novel compounds, isolated from different sources.
Conclusions
While many promising candidate prebiotics from across the globe have been highlighted in preliminary research, there are a limited number with both demonstrated mechanism of action and defined health benefits as required to meet the prebiotic definition. Prebiotics are part of a food industry with increasing market sales, yet there are great disparities in regulations in different countries. Identification and commercialization of new prebiotics with unique health benefits means that regulation must improve and remain up‐to‐date so as not to risk stifling research with potential health benefits for humans and other animals.
Significance and Impact of Study
This summary of the workshop discussions indicates potential avenues for expanding the range of prebiotic substrates, delivery methods to enhance health benefits for the end consumer and guidance to better elucidate their activities in human studies.
Effects of different surface textures on the interface shear strength, interface slip, and failure modes of the concrete-to-concrete bond are examined through finite element numerical model and ...experimental methods in the presence of the horizontal load with 'push-off' technique under different normal stresses. Three different surface textures are considered; smooth, indented, and transversely roughened to finish the top surfaces of the concrete bases. In the three-dimensional modeling via the ABAQUS solver, the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is used to simulate the interface shear failure. It is observed that the interface shear strength increases with the applied normal stress. The transversely roughened surface achieves the highest interface shear strength compared with those finished with the indented and smooth approaches. The smooth and indented surfaces are controlled by the adhesive failure mode while the transversely roughened surface is dominated by the cohesive failure mode. Also, it is observed that the CZM approach can accurately model the interface shear failure with 3-29% differences between the modeled and the experimental test findings.
Resistant starch is defined as the total amount of starch and the products of starch degradation that resists digestion in the small intestine. Starches that were able to resist the digestion will ...arrive at the colon where they will be fermented by the gut microbiota, producing a variety of products which include short chain fatty acids that can provide a range of physiological benefits. There are several factors that could affect the resistant starch content of a carbohydrate which includes the starch granule morphology, the amylose-amylopectin ratio and its association with other food component. One of the current interests on resistant starch is their potential to be used as a prebiotic, which is a non-digestible food ingredient that benefits the host by stimulating the growth or activity of one or a limited number of beneficial bacteria in the colon. A resistant starch must fulfill three criterions to be classified as a prebiotic; resistance to the upper gastrointestinal environment, fermentation by the intestinal microbiota and selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of the beneficial bacteria. The market of prebiotic is expected to reach USD 198 million in 2014 led by the export of oligosaccharides. Realizing this, novel carbohydrates such as resistant starch from various starch sources can contribute to the advancement of the prebiotic industry.
Abstract— The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection of contract workers in Termination of Employment, to prevent arbitrary termination of employment and to analyze the rights of ...contract workers who have been subject to Termination of Employment (PHK). The method used in this study uses normative legal research. namely relying on secondary data as the main data source. The conclusion of the analysis of contract workers who are laid off during the contract period must be given their rights while working until the end of the contract, and contract workers can take legal action if their rights are not fulfilled by the employer.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of self-regulated learning on student academic integrity with religiosity as the moderator variable. The approach used in this research is ...correlational causality. By using three measurement scales (self-regulated learning scale , academic integrity scale and religiosity) for 380 respondents , the results show that self-regulation learning affects academic integrity with religiosity as a moderator variable of 54.2 % . Based on the results obtained, it shows that the effect of self-regulated learning on academic integrity in students is in the form of a positive relationship, meaning that the higher the level of self-regulated learning in students, the higher the level of academic integrity . Religiosity as a moderator variable in this study illustrates that it can strengthen the influence of self- regulated learning variables on student academic integrity.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh self regulated learning terhadap academic integrity mahasiswa dengan religiosity sebagai variabel moderator. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kausalitas korelasional. Dengan menggunakan tiga skala pengukuran (skala self regulated learning, skala academic integrity dan skala religiosity) terhadap 380 responden, diperoleh hasil bahwa self regulation learning berpengaruh terhadap academic integrity dengan religiosity sebagai variabel moderator sebesar 54,2%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh self regulated learning terhadap academic integrity pada mahasiswa berupa hubungan yang positif, artinya semakin tinggi tingkat self regulated learning pada mahasiswa maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat academic integrity. Religiosity sebagai variabel moderator dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan dapat memperkuat pengaruh variabel self regulated learning terhadap academic integrity mahasiswa.
Coastal communities as open societies have historically known the tradition of literacy rather than inland communities. Openness has greatly influenced the teachings of Islam, which later developed ...into a Coastal Islam. Coastal Islam was born as a consequence of the birth of pesantren along the coast of Java. For pesantren, literacy culture is often interpreted as a routine activity of reading and writing that can not be separated from modern human lifestyle, especially in the world of education (school). In this millennial era, the culture of literacy is declining, along with the rapid use of social media as a new source of information. This study uses a cultural approach that attempts to describe the empirical realities of coastal communities, in the form of social movements, beliefs, social and cultural behaviors related to cultural literacy in pesantren of Demak district. To analyze the event by collecting data through observation, interview, and tracking documentation narrated in the form of qualitative-descriptive with descriptive-interpretative analysis. The results of research include; first Salafiyah-type pesantren view literacy culture is the same as reading al-Quran and tool books (Arabic) to understand the Qur'an and Sunnah. Both pesantrens of combination type, The culture of literacy understood the effort towards the culture of the Qur'an and Sunnah for the personal stabilization of the literate by equipping other readings for life skills. The three pesantren Ashriyah, literacy culture is understood as the refraction of reading and writing of the Qur'an and other literary readings, which are hierarchically started from the Kyai, Asatidz, senior to junior Santri, with collaborative, programmed, synergistic and continuous.
This study aims to examine the phenomenon of moral education among students in the Generation Z era. The study was conducted in Garut Regency by applying a qualitative approach and descriptive ...method. Data collection was carried out on 30 (thirty) selected informants, 24 (twenty-four) students, 3 (three) teachers, and 3 (three) parents of students. Research has found that moral education among Generation Z students has major challenges. In addition to students being faced with technological developments that facilitate access to information and learning, technology also has many negative impacts. Students who are able to apply this moral education will be able to control technology as a learning medium. On the other hand, students who do not have sufficient moral education will be controlled by the environment and technology. This study concludes that the challenges of moral education are related to students' ability to apply them in the realities of life.
Despite a profound evidence of the human unsustainable behaviours’ impact on the environment, stark disparities prevail on this narrative especially in the context of the current epidemiological ...situation ushered by the COVID-19. The ongoing pandemic is a global public health concern due to its sagacious impacts on environmental sustainability, social responsibility and people’s quality of life. This study primarily focuses on analysing the impact of COVID-19 (COV) on the environmental awareness (EA), sustainable consumption (SC) and social responsibility (SR). Additionally, we aspire to investigate the impact of demographics of generations and religion on the proposed nexus in this study. The data was collected from 700 participants of different age groups and religious backgrounds in Malaysia, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse this data and test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that COVID-19 has a significantly positive impact on EA, SC and SR, and the generations and religiosity moderate the relationship between COVID-19 and its impact on sustainable behaviours. This study contributes to analyse the difference in the perception of EA, SC and SR among the people that eventually will stimulate the scientific reasoning among the governments, policymakers and scientists to develop a holistic framework to combat unprecedented event such as COVID-19 and ensure the authentication of sustainable environment and exceptional quality of life. The policymakers in Malaysia may use the findings of this study to inspect the social and environmental aspects of the people during the transformation events.
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•Sugarcane syrup is a sugarcane derivative product packed with nutritional benefits.•The transformation of sucrose from sugarcane syrup into FOS could add value to the end ...product.•Current work discusses the potentiality to give prebiotic effects upon the addition of FOS synthesised from sugarcane syrup.•Gut microbiota is either promoted or suppressed after the addition of unpurified/purified FOS with the capability to produce SCFAs.
Fructooligosaccharides can be produced by direct enzymatic conversion from sucrose-rich sugarcane syrup (SS) consisting of 58.93% sucrose yielding 21.28 g FOS/100 g sucrose. This study evaluated the prebiotic effect of unpurified/purified SS containing FOS for the modulation of the human intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production. The unpurified and purified FOS substrates, which were a mixture of 1-kestose, nystose and 1F-fructosylnystose, were supplemented into human faecal culture using a pH-controlled batch fermentation system and significantly increased the Bifidobacterium counts after 5 h fermentation, while Bacteroides/Prevotella counts were highest throughout 24 h fermentation. Meanwhile, Lactobacillus/Enterococcus exhibited a slight increase after 5 h fermentation before reaching a plateau afterwards. The steady Bacteroides/Prevotella growth and increased Bifidobacterium population promoted an increase in the production of short-chain fatty acids acetate (58 ± 2.70 mM), propionate (9.19 ± 5.94 mM) and butyrate (7.15 ± 2.28 mM). These results provide evidence that representative gut microbiota could utilise the enzymatically synthesised FOS to generate short-chain fatty acids as metabolites in pH-controlled conditions, thus FOS from SS are a potential prebiotic ingredient for foods and health drinks.
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