In the current scenario, scaling up the microbial production of nanoparticles with diverse biological applications is an emerging prospect for NPs' sustainable industry. Thus, this paper was ...conducted to develop a suitable applicative process for the myco-fabrication of cobalt-ferrite (CoFeNPs), selenium (SeNPs), and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles. A strain improvement program using gamma irradiation mutagenesis was applied to improve the NPs-producing ability of the fungal strains. The achieved yields of CoFeNPs, SeNPs, and ZnONPs were intensified by a 14.47, 7.85, and 22.25-fold increase from the initial yield following gamma irradiation and isolation of stable mutant strains. The myco-fabricated CoFeNPs, SeNPs, and ZnONPs were then exploited to study their wound healing, and anti-inflammatory. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities of the myco-fabricated NPs were evaluated and analyzed by molecular docking. The obtained results confirmed the promising wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potentials of the three types of NPs. Additionally, data from analyzing the interaction of NPs with acetylcholinesterase enzyme by molecular docking were in conformation with the experimental data.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the primary health problems linked to the decrease of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons and elevation in oxidative stress. Myco-fabrication of ZnO-NPs revealed ...excellent biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials. This study aims to determine if two distinct doses of myco-fabricated ZnO-NPs have a positive impact on behavioral impairment and several biochemical markers associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in mice that have been treated by aluminum chloride (AlCl
3
) to induce AD. Sixty male mice were haphazardly separated into equally six groups. Group 1 was injected i.p. with 0.5 ml of deionized water daily during the experiment. Mice in group 2 received AlCl
3
(50 mg/kg/day i.p.). Groups 3 and 4 were treated i.p. with 5 and 10 mg/kg/day of ZnO-NPs only, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 were given i.p. 5 and 10 mg/kg/day ZnO-NPs, respectively, add to 50 mg/kg/day AlCl
3
. Results showed that the AlCl
3
caused an increase in the escape latency time and a reduction in the time spent in the target quadrant, indicating a decreased improvement in learning and memory. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were significantly increased, and the content of glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as levels of serotonin and dopamine, were decreased in brain tissues only in AlCl
3
treated mice. However, treatment of mice with myco-fabrication of ZnO-NPs at doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg improves learning and memory function through ameliorate all the previous parameters in the AD mice group. The low dose of 5 mg/kg is more effective than a high dose of 10 mg/kg. In accordance with these findings, myco-fabricated ZnO-NPs could enhance memory and exhibit a protective influence against memory loss caused by AlCl
3
.
A new series of heterocycles was synthesized via the reaction of readily obtainable 1,3‐diphenylpyrazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with many carbon electrophiles, for example, chloroacetic ...acid, chloroacetyl chloride, ethyl chloroacetate, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, maleic anhydride, 3′‐nitro‐ω‐bromoacetophenone, malonic acid, acetylacetone, ethyl benzoylacetate, arylidene malononitrile, and ethyl cyanoacetate in attempt to construct imidazolidinone, thiazolidinone, thiazole, and pyrimidine derivatives. The behavior of the titled compound towards hydrazine hydrate was investigated, in addition to the ring closure under different conditions. Also, the reactions with 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carboxaldehyde and chromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde were discussed. The structures of all products obtained were substantiated from their analytical and spectral data. The antitumor and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were examined.
Background
The production of industrial enzymes such as xylanase using sufficient cost-effective substrates from potent microorganisms is considered economically feasible. Studies have reported ...castor cake (
Ricinus communis
) as the most potent and inexpensive alternative carbon source for production of xylanase C by using
Aspergillus terreus
(
A. terreus
).
Results
A. terreus
strain RGS Eg-NRC, a local isolate from agro-wastes, was first identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of a nuclear DNA encoding gene cluster deposited in GenBank (accession number MW282328). Before optimization of xylanase production,
A. terreus
produced 20.23 U/g of xylanase after 7 days using castor cake as a substrate in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system that was employed to achieve ricin detoxification and stimulate xylanase production. Physicochemical parameters for the production of xylanase were optimized by using a one-variable-at-a-time approach and two statistical methods (two-level Plackett–Burman design and central composite design, CCD). The maximum xylanase yield after optimization was increased by 12.1-fold (245 U/g). A 60–70% saturation of ammonium sulfate resulted in partially purified xylanase with a specific activity of 3.9 IU/mg protein. At 60 °C and pH 6, the partially purified xylanase had the highest activity, and the activation energy (Ea) was 23.919 kJmol. Subsequently, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity tests in normal Ehrlich ascites carcinoma human cells demonstrated xylooligosaccharides produced by the xylanase degradation of xylan as a potent antioxidant and moderate antitumor agent. Further investigations with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis then determined the molecular weight of partially purified xylanase C to be 36 kDa. Based on the conserved regions, observations revealed that xylanase C belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 10. Next, the xylanase-encoding gene (xynC), which has an open reading frame of 981 bp and encodes a protein with 326 amino acids, was isolated, sequenced, and submitted to the NCBI GenBank database (accession number LC595779.1). Molecular docking analysis finally revealed that Glu156, Glu262, and Lys75 residues were involved in the substrate-binding and protein-ligand interaction site of modeled xylanase, with a binding affinity of −8.7 kcal. mol
−1.
Conclusion
The high production of safe and efficient xylanase could be achieved using economical materials such
as Ricinus communis
.
Recently, various studies have focused on the development of multifunctional non‐woven polyethylene terephthalate (PT; polyester) textiles. Herein, we introduce multifunctional non‐woven polyester ...fabrics by pad dry curing silver nitrate (AgNO3) and aniline monomer into plasma‐pretreated non‐woven PT textile. This creates a nanocomposite layer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and polyaniline (PANi) on the fabric surface. In order to prepare a non‐woven fibrous mat, we applied the melt‐spinning technique on previously shredded recycled PT plastic waste. On the surface of the cloth, PANi was synthesized by REDOX polymerization of aniline. Due to the oxidative polymerization, the silver ions (Ag+) were converted to Ag0NPs. PANi acted as a conductor while AgNPs inhibited the growth of microorganisms. Microwave‐assisted curing with trimethoxyhexadecylsilane (TMHDS) gave PT textiles with superhydrophobic properties. The morphological studies were performed using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The stiffness and breathability of finished non‐woven PT textile materials were analyzed to establish their comfort levels. Both of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to test the efficacy of the AgNPs‐treated textiles as antimicrobial materials. Moreover, the processed polyester textiles showed excellent electrical conductivity and great ultraviolet‐ray blocking.
Non‐woven fabric was prepared by shredding and melt‐spinning of polyester plastic. Pad‐dry‐cure of polyaniline (PANi) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into plasma‐cured polyester fibers. PANi and AgNPs were generated by oxidation of aniline and reduction of silver ions. PANi acted as a conductor and AgNPs acted as an antimicrobial substance. Superhydrophobic performance was provided to polyethylene terephthalate by trimethoxyhexadecylsilane.
Abstract The current research aimed to assess the effects of dietary macadamia oil (MO) on carcass traits, growth performance, physio‐biochemical components, immune function, thyroid hormones and ...inflammation markers of growing rabbits. A total of 96 growing rabbits were randomly distributed into four treatments, with 24 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or a diet supplemented with MO at 0.5 (MO0.5), 1 (MO1.0) and 2 (MO2.0) mL/kg of diet for eight weeks. The daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed a quadratic improvement with increasing levels of MO, and the optimal dose was 1.25 mL/kg of diet. Increasing levels of MO also had a quadratic effect on hepatic and renal functions. Dose‐response curves revealed that the optimal doses of MO were 1.50, 1.75 and 1.25 mL/kg of diet for total bilirubin, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, and creatinine respectively. A quadratic relationship was observed between the increased levels of MO and tumour necrosis factor‐α ( p = 0.038), interleukin‐6 ( p = 0.014) and immunoglobulins ( p = 0.016 and IgM p = 0.026). Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between the increment in MO levels and both nitric oxide ( p = 0.040) and interleukin‐4 ( p = 0.001). The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a linear increase with increasing dietary MO content, while xanthine oxidase showed a linear decrease. Total antioxidant capacity showed quadratic improvement ( p = 0.035) with the dietary treatment, with the optimal dose observed at 1.25 mL/kg of diet. The inclusion of MO in the diet had a linear effect on the activity of thyroxine ( p = 0.001). Therefore, supplementation of MO at a dose of 1 or 1.5 mL/kg of diet in growing rabbits' diets can improve growth and carcass traits, sustain thyroid function by supporting immunity, and reduce oxidative/inflammation pathways.
A pyrimidinethione derivative namely, 6-(1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, was readily synthesized and reacted with carbon electrophiles in ...an attempt to synthesize selected fused heterocycles. The reactivity of 6-(1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile was investigated towards selected nitrogen nucleophiles. Thiation and hydrolysis reactions of the tetrahydropyrimidine derivative were investigated. Antitumor and antimicrobial activity evaluation of some of the synthesized products exhibited promising results.
Background
During the last decade, enormous research efforts have been directed at identifying potent microorganisms as sustainable green cell factories for eco-friendly pigments.
Talaromyces ...atroroseus
has recently been shown to excrete large amounts of azaphilone mycotoxin-free red pigment mixture comprising some known coloring components together with many uncharacterized metabolites. In this study, a new
Talaromyces atroroseus
isolate was identified via sequencing of the fragment of the nuclear ribosomal gene cluster containing internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene. The parameters that affected the level of pigment production were optimized in uncommon static conditions of culture and genetic improvement, via γ-irradiation, to improve pigment yield. Moreover, chemical characterization using LC/MS and skin safety test of the target pigment mixture were precisely conducted to maximize its benefits as a natural and safe red pigment for wool fabrics.
Results
Molecular identification via the sequencing of the ITS of the rDNA encoding gene cluster revealed that the fungal isolate TRP-NRC was
T. atroroseus
TRP-NRC (deposited in GenBank under accession number MW282329). In the static conditions of culture, pigment production was dramatically enhanced to 27.36 g/L in an optimum yeast malt peptone medium of 2% mannitol at
p
H 2−4.5 and 30 °C for 7 days of incubation. Under exposure to a 400-Gy γ-radiation dose, pigment yield was increased to a 3-fold level higher than that recorded for the wild type. Based on the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), as a molecular marker tool, the wild-type
T. atroroseus
TRP-NRC strain and its mutants were discriminated. The UHPLC/HRESI-MS analytical tool characterized 60 metabolites, including many unknown molecules, at appropriate concentrations. It is worthy to note that four mitorubrin derivatives were identified for the first time in
T. atroroseus
, i.e., mitorubrinolamine acetate, dihydro-PP-O, mitorobrinal, and mitorubrinol. The range of irritation indexes (0−0.1) demonstrated an adequate skin safety after the direct local application of the pigment mixture. Finally, the pigment mixture exhibited a remarkably good dyeing ability in wool fabrics, with high-fastness properties.
Conclusions
Because of its sustainable and economic production, the target red pigment mixture may be applied in the future in textile, food, cosmetics, or different pharmaceutical industries after extensive conventional safety and toxicity studies, which are currently under consideration.
Cette étude explore les prédicteurs de la connaissance et de l'attitude du cancer du col de l'utérus (CC) chez les femmes saoudiennes de la ville de Najran. Une étude transversale descriptive a été ...menée å Najran/KSA pour recruter 1 085 participants de juin a septembre 2021. Un questionnaire autodéclaré en ligne a été utilisé pour la collecte de données; il se composait de données de base et d'antécédents de santé, d'un quiz sur les connaissances en matiére de CC et d'une échelle d'attitude en matiére de CC. L'analyse des données a été effectuée å l'aide du logiciel Statistical IBM, version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA)'. Les résultats ont révélé que plus de la moitié des participants (57,7 %) avaient des connaissances insuffisantes sur le CC. Dans le meme temps, 59,4 % d'entre eux avaient une attitude positive envers le dépistage du CC. Selon l'analyse de régression logistique binaire, les participants ayant fait des études universitaires avaient des chances accrues d'avoir des connaissances suffisantes (OR : 1,774, IC å 95 % 1,101-2,856) et une attitude positive (OR : 4,246, IC å 95 % 1,545-11,669) å propos du CC par rapport aux participant ayant fait des études secondaires. De plus, les participants sans antécédents familiaux de CC étaient moins susceptibles d'avoir des connaissances suffisantes (OR : 0,554, IC å 95 % 0,102-2,745) et une attitude positive (OR : 0,867, IC å 95 % 0,776 - 0,968) å propos du CC par rapport aux participants ayant des antécédents positifs. histoire de famille. De plus, une connaissance suffisante était statistiquement associée å une attitude positive (OR : 1,754, IC å 95 % : 1,112-2,849). Parmi toutes les variables de base, les qualifications scolaires des participants et les antécédents familiaux positifs de CC sont des prédicteurs sociodémographiques significatifs de la connaissance et de l'attitude en matiére de CC. Des interventions éducatives spécifiques pour améliorer les connaissances et l'attitude des femmes envers le dépistage du CC doivent etre développées et mises en œuvre dans la communauté sans délai, en particulier pour les femmes moins éduquées. (Afr JReprod Health 2022; 267s: 23-32).
The current study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of 11-(1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo2,3-bquinoline (BAPPN), a novel derivative of 5-methyl-5H-indolo2,3-bquinoline, against ...hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines and the possible molecular mechanism through which it exerts its cytotoxic activity. BAPPN was synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The binding affinity scores of BAPPN for caspase-3 PDB: 7JL7 was −7.836, with an RMSD of 1.483° A. In silico screening of ADME properties indicated that BAPPN showed promising oral bioavailability records in addition to their high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier penetrability. BAPPN induced cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 3.3, 23, 3.1, and 9.96 μg/mL against cancer cells HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549, respectively. In addition, it induced cell injury and morphological changes in ultracellular structure, including cellular delayed activity, vanishing of membrane blebbing, microvilli, cytoplasmic condensation, and shrunken nucleus with more condensed chromatin autophagosomes. Furthermore, BAPPN significantly increased the protein expression of caspase-3 and tumor suppressor protein (P53). However, it significantly reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein into the medium and decreased the protein expression of proliferation cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 in HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549 cells. This study indicates that BAPPN has cytotoxic action against liver, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines via the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and P53, and the downregulation of proliferative proteins, VEGF, PCNA, and Ki67.
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