The purpose of this study was to investigate mental effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with death attitudes and coping styles among Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish ...psychology students. A total of 388 participants from Hungary (
= 122, 31.4%), Norway (
= 96, 24.7%), and Turkey (
= 170, 43.8%) were recruited during the pandemic. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Carver Brief COPE Inventory, and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised were used. The results indicated that escape acceptance might be the most maladaptive death attitude during COVID-19, as it was related to poorer mental health among the Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish psychology students. Self-blame, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, and substance use coping styles were also related to poorer mental health, whereas positive-reframing (only among the Hungarian and Turkish participants) and humor (only among the Norwegian participants) were related to better mental health among our sample in the context of COVID-19. The findings implied that death attitudes and coping styles may differ in their efficacy among the Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish participants. These differences were discussed in detail in the discussion part. During the pandemic, practitioners might pay closer attention to patients with higher escape acceptance death attitude and patients who use dysfunctional coping styles. Additionally, patients can be encouraged to use techniques involving positive reframing and humor coping styles.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian and Turkish female psychology students. For this purpose, 304 ...participants were recruited, of whom 127 were Norwegian and 177 were Turkish. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 35 years. The Beck Depression Inventory, the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Death Anxiety Scale were used to examine these relationships. The findings showed that death anxiety was significantly related to depressive and anxiety symptoms in both countries. Furthermore, Turkish participants scored higher on both death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms than their Norwegian counterparts. The findings encourage researchers to focus more on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive and anxiety symptoms in a cross-cultural frame.
•Rumination is a crucial emotion regulation process in unipolar & bipolar depression.•The content of rumination and bipolar subtype are important moderator variables.•Our review highlights current ...methodological limitations of the literature.
rumination, defined as repetitive thoughts about emotionally relevant experiences, has been linked extensively with mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD).11MDD: major depressive disorder However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting the importance of rumination in bipolar disorder (BD)22BD: bipolar disorder as well.
we searched for studies that investigated rumination in both BD and MDD in four databases. Our systematic search identified 12 studies with an overall sample size of 2071 clinical patients.
results demonstrated no significant difference in the ruminative tendencies of the two patient groups when all rumination measures were included. We tested for the effect of rumination subtype, BD subgroups, and the current mood state of BD and MDD patients. There were no significant differences in terms of depressive rumination, however, BD patients reported more rumination on positive affect. This difference remained significant when examining in BD-I33BD-I: bipolar I disorder and BD-II44BD-II: bipolar II disorder patient groups, with similar effect sizes.
due to the lack of sufficient data in the literature, only a few self-report studies qualified to be included in our analysis. Thus additional moderating factors, such as the current mood state of the two patient groups could not be analyzed.
this review demonstrates that rumination is a significant process in both MDD and BD, highlighting the importance of interventions to reduce rumination in mood disorders. The two patient groups share several commonalities in terms of rumination, however, rumination subtype was found to be an important moderating variable underlining a difference in rumination on positive affect.
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between death attitudes and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian and Turkish women. 304 participants were recruited (NNorwegian ...= 127 41.8%; NTurkish = 177 58.2%). The Beck Depression Inventory, the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised were administered. The results showed that Fear of Death was positively correlated with anxiety symptoms among Turkish respondents; Approach Acceptance was negatively correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian participants; and none of the death attitudes had significant negative associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Turkish participants. The analysis showed that Escape Acceptance was the only death attitude positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms for both countries. We may thus hypothesise that Escape Acceptance is the most maladaptive death attitude for both countries. Patients with this death attitude should be paid closer attention.
This article presents two studies examining cross-sectional mediational models between self-report assessments of personality organization, rumination, borderline personality disorder symptoms and ...depressive symptoms. The relationship between rumination and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression has been demonstrated by numerous empirical studies. In our research we used Kernberg's theoretical frame of personality organization (PO) where normal and pathological personality features are not distinct entities but make a spectrum of increasing severity. In the current study we hypothesized that the relationship between PO and borderline as well as depressive symptoms is mediated by rumination on non-clinical samples. According to our results a less structured personality appears to be associated with more borderline and depressive symptoms, a higher proneness to rumination, and the relationship between PO level and borderline-depressive symptoms is mediated by rumination. These results provide important insights regarding the concomitants of borderline and depressive symptoms, as well as their treatment.
•Borderline and depressive symptoms positively correlated with rumination•Less healthy personality organization (PO) was associated with more rumination.•Rumination mediated the connection between PO and borderline-depressive symptoms.
•The Medication Adherence Rating Scale's (MARS) factor structure is understudied.•Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure.•Lower insight, higher stigma, higher loss and grief ...predicted lower adherence.•Lower adherence was significantly associated with lower quality of life.•The MARS is a useful research tool to examine adherence in different languages.
The present study examined the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and analyzed its association with socio-demographics, insight, internalized stigma, and the experience of loss and grief as a result of the mental illness diagnosis, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a series of one covariates at a time. Mentally ill patients (N=200) completed self-report questionnaires. CFA supported the original three-factor structure although one item was moved from its original factor to another. Lower insight, higher internalized stigma, loss, and grief were significant predictors of lower treatment adherence. Lower adherence was found to be significantly associated with lower quality of life. No difference in adherence was found between different diagnostic groups, which stresses the need to examine non-adherence in the wider spectrum of mental diagnosis. The study also stresses the importance of patients’ subjective experience in promoting better adherence, and raises the need to address the experience of stigma but also of less studied experiences, such as patients‘ feelings of loss and grief. Integrating these experiences in intervention programs might have meaningful implications for the improvement of treatment adherence and patients’ quality of life.
The development of mental illness often leads to pervasive losses in different areas of people's lives. However, previous research has tended to focus on the loss experienced by families while the ...examination of the loss experienced by individuals who are themselves coping with mental illness has been neglected. The present study tested the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the Personal Loss from Mental Illness (PLMI) scale, and analyzed its associations with age, gender, previous hospitalizations, marital status, loneliness, grief, and quality of life.
Mentally ill patients (N = 200) with different diagnoses were recruited from a mental health center in Hungary, and completed self-report questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with covariates was conducted.
CFA analyses rejected the previous four-factor structure and suggested a single factor structure to be superior. Higher loss perception was predicted by higher loneliness, grief, and lower quality of life. Patients with mood disorders reported higher loss as compared to patients with other psychiatric diagnoses.
The present study stresses the magnitude of loss and raises the need to examine further the role of loss in coping and recovery. Asking patients about their feelings in clinical practice is of high importance.
•Perceived loss due to mental illnesses has been little studied.•The Personal Loss from Mental Illness (PLMI) scale was utilized in the study.•The Hungarian PLMI in the present study demonstrated a one-factor structure.•Perceived loss was related with loneliness, grief, and lower quality of life.•Higher perceived loss was associated with mood disorders.
This study examined the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS) and analyzed its association with socio-demographics, diagnosis, internalized stigma, and shame ...using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with covariates. Mentally ill patients (N = 200) completed self-report questionnaires. CFA supported a two-factor structure. While previous hospitalizations and diagnosis were associated with insight, insight predicted higher internalized stigma and shame. Efforts to increase insight should be matter of importance in the wider spectrum of mental diagnoses. However, such efforts should be conducted with special care as further research is needed to understand the impact of insight on wellbeing.
•The factor structure of The Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS) has been little studied.•Confirmatory factor analysis showed the BIS had a two-factor structure.•Poor illness awareness is common among wide range of diagnoses.•The lowest illness awareness was observed in schizophrenia patients.•Higher illness awareness predicted higher internalized stigma and shame.
PDF
