Wearable devices and systems demand multifunctional units with intelligent and integrative functions. Smart fibers with response to external stimuli, such as electrical, thermal, and photonic ...signals, etc., as well as offering energy storage/conversion are essential units for wearable electronics, but still remain great challenges. Herein, flexible, strong, and self‐cleaning graphene‐aerogel composite fibers, with tunable functions of thermal conversion and storage under multistimuli, are fabricated. The fibers made from porous graphene aerogel/organic phase‐change materials coated with hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin render a wide range of phase transition temperature and enthalpy (0–186 J g−1). The strong and compliant fibers are twisted into yarn and woven into fabrics, showing a self‐clean superhydrophobic surface and excellent multiple responsive properties to external stimuli (electron/photon/thermal) together with reversible energy storage and conversion. Such aerogel‐directed smart fibers promise for broad applications in the next‐generation of wearable systems.
A variety of multiresponsive smart fibers with a wide range of tunable phase transition temperatures and enthalpy are produced through impregnation of different types of organic phase‐change materials into graphene aerogel fibers and finished by coating a fluorocarbon resin layer, showing a self‐cleaning superhydrophobic surface and excellent multiple‐responsive properties to external stimuli (electron/photon/thermal) together with reversible energy storage and conversion.
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•The first near-infrared fluorescent probe (MSO-SO2) targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum for the detection of SO2.•Using dimalononitrile isophorone based fluorescent platforms that ...have large Stokes shift (∼135 nm).•The robust probe with rapidly and highly selective “protect-deprotect” response to SO2.•Realizing the imaging of SO2 in the living cells, zebrafish, and mice.•Visualized the fluctuations of SO2 during the endoplasmic reticulum stress, for the first time.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), as a significant gas signal substance, plays an imperative physiological function in life systems and participates in a variety of metabolic pathways. Relevant research has found that SO2, as a reducing agent, may play an important role in protecting cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, studying the changes of SO2 in cells under ER stress is extremely valuable. But so far, developing an effective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe to detect SO2 in the ER stress remains a major challenge. In this paper, the first near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (MSO-SO2) targeted to the ER was constructed to recognize SO2. The probe MSO-SO2 with dicyanoisophorone derivative as the fluorescent parent is based on the deprotection reaction site mediated by SO2 as the response group (levulinic acid), which was applied for highly selective and sensitive detection for SO2. Furthermore, the biological trials have found that the unique probe targets ER well and has been effectively implemented in the living systems for SO2 imagery. Most importantly, the production and consumption of SO2 were discovered, for the first time, in dithiothreitol-induced ER stress by using the novel probe, which is beneficial for revealing the role of SO2 in ER-associated diseases.
Background and purpose
The relationship between sleep duration and stroke are inconclusive in China, especially in those individuals with metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association ...between sleep duration and incident stroke in participants with metabolic syndrome or its specific components in China.
Materials and methods
Data were taken from the 2011 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Habitual sleep duration (≤6, 6∼8 reference, >8 h), daytime napping (0, 1∼60 reference, and >60 min) were determined by self-reported questionnaires. Metabolic syndrome was defined by blood assessment and biomarkers combined with self-reported doctors’ diagnosis. Incident stroke was determined by reported stroke from 2011 to 2015 wave. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep and (incident) stroke at baseline and 4-year follow-up period were tested among the population with metabolic syndrome and its components.
Results
A U-shaped relationship was observed between sleep duration and stroke in cross-sectional analysis. Sleep ≤ 6 h/night had a greater risk of incident stroke (hazard ratio HR 1.65; 95% confidence interval CI 1.04–2.61) compared with sleep 6∼8 h/night. And the HR of stroke was 1.62 (95%CI, 1.03–2.53) for sleep < 7 h/day compared to 7∼9 h/day. These associations were more evident in the female and individuals aged 45–65 years. Furthermore, the effect of short sleep duration on incident stroke was different in each component of metabolic syndrome, which was more pronounced in participants with elevated blood pressure. And a significant joint effect of sleeping ≤ 6 h/night and no napping on risk of stroke was observed (HR 1.82, 95%CI 1.06–3.12).
Conclusion
Short sleep duration was an independent risk factor for incident stroke, especially among females, individuals aged 45–65 years, or those with some components of metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension. Napping could buffer the risk of short sleep duration on incident stroke.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is sensitive to changes in the intracellular environment such as pH and viscosity, and slight changes may trigger stress response. Besides, different from apoptosis and ...necrosis, ferroptosis is the result of lipid peroxidation accumulation. There is evidence that ferroptosis is closely related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the possible changes in the pH and viscosity of the ER during the ferroptosis process have not yet been studied. Therefore, we used a new type of ER-targeted dual-excitation fluorescent probe (
) to investigate the possible changes of pH and viscosity of ER during the ferroptosis. The novel probe
exhibited a highly sensitive and selective response to pH and viscosity. During the bioimaging process, it was found that the ER acidified and viscosity increased during the ferroptosis process induced by erastin, while the cells treated with ferrostatin-1 did not alter significantly. In addition, when dithiothreitol (DTT) and erastin stimulated the cells at the same time, we discovered that ER was acidified considerably at short notice, but the pH was slightly increased in the later stage. Besides, the change of the viscosity enhanced slowly with the passage of time, and there was a noteworthy decline in the later stage, demonstrating that the DTT-induced ERS accelerated the process of ferroptosis. We hope that this unique fluorescent probe can provide an effective method for studying the relationship between ERS and ferroptosis.
Chiral polyaniline with absolute sterochemical selectivity in the order of magnitude 10−2 is electrochemically assembled onto various electrodes in the presence of chiral inducing agent ...(1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid ((S)-(+)-CSA) or (1R)-(−)-10-camphorsulfonic acid ((R)-(−)-CSA). The polymerizing potential dependence of the absolute stereochemical selectivity of the resultant chiral polyaniline is investigated in detail. The one-step (low potential at 0.7V) and two-step (potential higher than that of aniline oxidation potential of the electrode applied first in the short period of time and then low potential at 0.7V applied in the relatively long time) potential control strategies are developed for the different conducting substrates in order to produce chiral polyaniline with enhanced absolute stereochemical selectivity. The possible mechanism on polymerizing potential dependence of chiral polyaniline with enhanced absolute stereochemical selectivity is discussed. The structure and morphology of the resultant polyaniline films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The strong mirror images of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra for the (R)-(−)-CSA and the (S)-(+)-CSA doped polyaniline films suggest that the obtained chiral polyaniline films are enantioselective.
Due to the complexity of porous media, it is difficult to use traditional experimental methods to study the quantitative impact of the pore size distribution on multiphase flow. In this paper, the ...impact of two pore distribution function types for three-phase flow was quantitatively investigated based on a three-dimensional pore-scale network model. The results show that in the process of wetting phase displacing the non-wetting phase without wetting films or spreading layers, the displacement efficiency was enhanced with the increase of the two function distribution’s parameters, which are the power law exponent in the power law distribution and the average pore radius or standard deviation in the truncated normal distribution, and vice versa. Additionally, the formation of wetting film is better for the process of displacement.
Moisture-cured polyurethane is one of the commercially important polymers, which is widely used in sealants, coatings, and reactive hot-melt adhesives. A series of moisture-cured ...polyurethane/polysiloxane (PUSR) copolymers were successfully prepared using a two-step solution polymerization procedure. Both amine-terminated polysiloxane (PDMS) and polyester diol were together used as mixed soft segments to react with 4,4'-diphenlymethane diisocyanate (MDI), and the alkoxysilane was used as end-capping agents. The effects of structure variation of building blocks such as the polyester diol structure and NCO/OH ratio on the properties and morphology of PUSR copolymers were studied. The tensile properties, dielectric behavior, thermal stability, surface, and water-repellency properties were investigated. The results showed that the properties and morphology of PUSR copolymers were greatly affected by the variations in molecular architecture.
Redox regulation has recently been proposed as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety ...of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, it is hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress precede pathologic lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far to improve the endogenous defense against oxidative stress and its harmful effects. Among such approaches, the use of artificial antioxidant systems has gained increased popularity as an effective strategy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with enzymes, bioinspired catalytic nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates. The development of degradable hydrogels scaffolds with antioxidant effects could also enable scientists to positively influence cell fate. This current review summarizes nanobiomaterial‐based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as central nervous system neurodegenerative disease treatments.
Oxidative stress has recently been highlighted as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival and function. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. This article summarizes nanobiomaterial‐based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as treatments against central nervous system neurodegenerative diseases.
•New gas permeability models for organic and inorganic pores were built.•Effective stress, phase behavior and multiple transport mechanisms were considered.•Effects of real gas, stress, and ...adsorption on gas transport were discussed.
Accurate models of gas transport in shale gas reservoirs must consider complex gas transport mechanisms and phase behavior in nanopores, as well as different pore types. The gas transport mechanisms in shale gas reservoirs include viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, adsorption and desorption. In this study, a unified model of nanopore gas transport in shale gas reservoirs is presented. Gas storage patterns are different in organic pores and inorganic pores. Therefore, we develop two fully coupled apparent permeability models to describe gas transport in organic pores and inorganic pores separately. The apparent permeability model of organic pores considers the gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, adsorption and desorption. The apparent permeability model of inorganic pores considers the gas transport mechanisms of viscous flow and Knudsen diffusion. In both models, stress dependence, real gas effects and phase behavior are taken into account. Then, the influences of pore pressure, effective stress, real gas effects, pore radius, phase behaviors and transport properties on apparent gas permeabilities in organic pores and inorganic pores are analyzed based on the proposed models.
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