Recently, wearable electronic devices including electrical sensors, flexible displays, and health monitors have received considerable attention and experienced rapid progress. Wearable ...supercapacitors attract tremendous attention mainly due to their high stability, low cost, fast charging/discharging, and high efficiency; properties that render them value for developing fully flexible devices. In this Concept, the recent achievements and advances made in flexible and wearable supercapacitors are presented, especially highlighting the promising performances of yarn/fiber‐shaped and planar supercapacitors. On the basis of their working mechanism, electrode materials including carbon‐based materials, metal oxide‐based materials, and conductive polymers with an emphasis on the performance‐optimization method are introduced. The latest representative techniques and active materials of recently developed supercapacitors with superior performance are summarized. Furthermore, the designs of 1D and 2D electrodes are discussed according to their electrically conductive supporting materials. Finally, conclusions, challenges, and perspective in optimizing and developing the electrochemical performance and function of wearable supercapacitors for their practical utility are addressed.
The rapid development of wearable electronics including flexible displays, medical sensors, and portable power has become a notable technology trend. The latest development and advancement of flexible and wearable supercapacitors that could power flexible electronics are reviewed. The representative achievements based on different types of electrode materials are summarized. Furthermore, the design and assembly of yarn/fiber‐shaped and planar supercapacitors are introduced.
Dyslipidemia was present in most of the patients with coronary heart disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin has some effects on the serum lipid. However, these results are ...controversial. This study aimed at collecting current clinical evidence and evaluating the effects of anthocyanin supplementation on total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in dialysis patients.
The search included PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database (up to July 2015) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association between anthocyanin and serum lipids. RevMan (version 5.2) was used for Meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and Egger's weighted regression tests were performed by using STATA software (version 12.0; StatCorp, College Station, TX, USA).
Six studies (seven arms) involving 586 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that anthocyanin supplementation has significant effects on TC MD = -24.06, 95% CI(-45.58 to -2.64) mg/dL, I2 = 93%, TG MD = -26.14, 95%CI(-40.20 to -3.08) mg/dL, I2 = 66%1, LDL-C MD = -22.10, 95% CI (-34.36 to -9.85) mg/dL, I2 = 61%, and HDL-C(MD = 5.58, 95% CI (1.02 to 10.14) mg/dL;I2 = 90%).
Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in patients with dyslipidemia, and increases HDL-C. Further rigorously designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of anthocyanin supplementation for dyslipidemia, especially hypo high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
Conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a newly emerging multifunctional material, hold enormous promise in electrochemical energy‐storage systems owing to their merits including good ...electronic conductivity, large surface area, appropriate pore structure, and environmental friendliness. In this contribution, a scalable solvothermal strategy was devised for the bottom‐up fabrication of 1D Cu‐based conductive MOF, that is, Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (Cu‐CAT) nanowires (NWs), which were further utilized as a competitive anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The intrinsic Li storage mechanism of the Cu‐CAT electrode was also explored. Benefiting from its structural virtues, the resultant 1D Cu‐CAT NWs were endowed with superb Li+ diffusion coefficients and electrochemical conductivities and exhibited remarkably high‐rate reversible capacities of approximately 631 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and even approximately 381 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1, along with striking capacity retention of 81 % after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. In addition, a Cu‐CAT NWs‐based full cell assembled with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as the cathode displayed a large energy density of approximately 275 Wh kg−1 as well as excellent cycling behavior. These results manifest the promising application of 1D conductive Cu‐CAT NWs in advanced LIBs and even other potential versatile energy‐related fields.
Conductive MOF nanowires: 1D conductive Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (Cu‐CAT) nanowires exhibit large reversible capacities along with long‐span cyclic stability for advanced Li‐ion batteries as a superb high‐rate anode, and the involved Li storage mechanism of the unique Cu‐CAT anode is proposed.
Yarn supercapacitors, as knittable and weavable energy storage devices, are attracting more and more attention in recent years. Similar to various yarns with different physical and mechanical ...properties available in textile industry, different yarn supercapacitors should be developed as well. However, as a device, stretchable yarn supercapacitors suffer a lot from limited stretchability, complicated and high cost fabrication, which greatly restrict their wide adoptions. Here, we use urethane elastic fiber core spun yarns (UY) with intrinsic high stretchability for the first time, as a wearable scaffold for hosting conductive CNT and electrocapacitive PPy to fabricate large-scale highly stretchable yarn electrodes via a simple two-step process (CNTs dipping and PPy electrodeposition). The yarn supercapacitor keeps the excellent stretchability of the UY without using any extra stretchy substrate or wavy structure as most stretchable yarn supercapacitors used, and at the same time, exhibits a high areal capacitance of 69mFcm−2 (normalized to two electrodes) as well as a good rate capacity. Furthermore, the capacitive performance of the yarn supercapacitor remains nearly unchanged even at a high strain of 80%. The high-performance stretchable yarn supercapacitor with the use of intrinsically stretchable yarns paves a way for the production of large-size fabrics for wearable electronic applications.
A stretchable supercapacitor is fabricated employing urethane elastic fiber core spun yarn as a stretchable and wearable substrate. The simple CNTs dipping and PPy electrodeposition processes provide a scalable and low cost route for the fabrication of stretchable electrodes. A high capacitance of 67mFcm−2 is obtained and remains nearly unchanged even at a high strain of 80%.
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•Stretchable yarn supercapacitor is realized using UY as stretchable, wearable scaffold.•Electrode is fabricated in large scale via depositing CNTs and PPy on UY.•Performance of yarn supercapacitor retains nearly unchanged under a high strain of 80%.
It is well known that the destruction of the North China Carton (NCC) is closely related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab, but materials recording such subduction has not been identified at ...the peak time of decratonization. This paper presents data of whole-rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes and zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes for Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Liaodong-Jinan region in the northeastern NCC, in order to trace the subduction-related materials in their source and origin. The Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Liaodong-Jinan region are mainly composed of two series of rocks, including alkaline basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and trachyte, and subalkaline trachyandesite and andesite. Zircon U-Pb dating yields eruption ages of 129–124 Ma for these rocks. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are all enriched in LILEs (such as Rb, Sr, Ba and Th) and LREEs, depleted in HFSEs (such as Nb, Ta and Ti), indicating that they were originated from mantle sources that had been modified by subducted crustal materials. However, they have relatively heterogeneous and variable isotopic compositions. The alkaline basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and trachyte have enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf and zircon Hf isotopic compositions and mantle-like
δ
18
O values, suggesting that they were derived from low-degree partial melting of an isotopically enriched lithospheric mantle source. In contrast, the subalkaline trachyandesite and andesite have relatively depleted isotopic compositions with zircon
ε
Hf
(
t
) values up to +5.2 and heavy zircon O isotopic compositions with
δ
18
O values of +8.1‰ to +9.09‰, indicating that they were originated from a lithospheric mantle source that had been metasomatized by melts/fluids derived from the recycled low-T altered oceanic basalt. All of these geochemical features suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the Liaodong-Jinan region would result from mixing of mafic magmas with different compositions. Such magmas were originated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and the young metasomatized mantle, respectively, with variable extents of enrichment and depletion in trace elements, radiogenic isotopes and O isotopes. Importantly, the identification of the low-T altered oceanic crust component in the origin of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks by the zircon Hf-O isotopes provides affirmative isotopic evidence and direct material records for Mesozoic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab that induced decratonization of the North China Craton.
•Boron-doped graphene was prepared by pyrolysis of graphene oxide with boric acid at 900°C under an argon atmosphere.•The boron doping content reached the highest value of 4.7% after 3h of pyrolysis ...at 900°C.•The BG-900-3h electrode exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 172.5Fg−1 at 0.5Ag−1 and maintained 96.5% of initial capacity after a continuous of 5000 times cycling.
Chemical doping with foreign atoms is an effective approach to intrinsically modify the properties of the carbon materials. Herein, boron-doped graphene (BG) was prepared through pyrolysis of graphene oxide (GO) with boric acid (H3BO3) in an argon atmosphere at 900°C. Both boron-doping and reduction of GO to graphene were simultaneously achieved under the thermal treatment processing. Namely, at high temperature condition, H3BO3 was converted into boron oxide (B2O3) accompanied by diffusing B2O3 vapor into the graphene nanosheets, then boron atoms can replace the carbon atoms inside the graphene layers and thereby substitutionally doped into the graphene lattice. The boron content in BG increased with prolonging the reaction time and reached the highest value of 4.7% after 3h of pyrolysis, which in turn affected their electrochemical properties. The as-prepared electrode of BG-900-3h exhibits the highest capacitive behavior (172.5Fg−1, 0.5Ag−1) and superior cycling stability (maintaining 96.5% of initial capacity after 5000 times of cycling). Remarkably, the boron-doping increased the capacitance of BG-900-3h by about 80% compared to pristine graphene. These results imply that the doping of boron into graphene lattice induces remarkable performance enhancement, and thus make the doped materials superior to those of pristine graphene as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
•A Stöber method was used to synthesize core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles.•Core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles with a uniform coating layer were successfully prepared.•Core/shell TiO2@SiO2 ...nanoparticles accelerated hydration and lowered porosity of cement paste.•Core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles can better modify cement hydration than nano-TiO2 did.
TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles with a core/shell structure widely used in photocatalytic fields were used in this paper to improve the hydration properties of the Portland cement. To this end, the core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized first and then characterized by a series of techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Second, the influence of the core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles on cement hydration was investigated and compared with nano-TiO2 through isothermal calorimetry, XRD, thermo gravimetric/derivative thermo-gravimetric (TG/DTG) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyses. The results showed that an amorphous SiO2 layer can be deposited uniformly on nano-TiO2 particles by forming new SiOTi chemical bonds at the interface between the SiO2 coating layer and nano-TiO2 particle surface. This uniform layer was conducive to decrease the aggregation of nano-TiO2 effectively. Compared with nano-TiO2, the core/shell TiO2@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited better hydration properties in terms of accelerated cement hydration, higher degree of hydration and lower porosity, even though both particles modified cement hydration.
Aqueous non-lithium based rechargeable batteries are emerging as promising energy storage devices thanks to their attractive rate capacities, long-cycle life, high safety, low cost, ...environmental-friendliness, and easy assembly conditions. However, the aqueous electrolytes with high ionic conductivity are always restricted by their intrinsically narrow electrochemical window. Encouragingly, the highly concentrated “water-in-salt” (WIS) electrolytes can efficiently expand the stable operation window, which brings up a series of aqueous high-voltage rechargeable batteries. In the mini review, we summarize the latest progress and contributions of various aqueous electrolytes for non-lithium (Na
+
, K
+
, Zn
2+
, Mg
2+
, and Al
3+
) based rechargeable batteries, and give a brief exploration of the operating mechanisms of WIS electrolytes in expanding electrochemically stable windows. Challenges and prospects are also proposed for WIS electrolytes toward aqueous non-lithium rechargeable metal ion batteries.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) among retinoblastoma (Rb) patients, both hereditary and nonhereditary. Previous studies have ...reported on the long-term risk of SPCs in these patient populations, but a comprehensive synthesis of the existing evidence is lacking.
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to 12 March 2023, supplemented by manual screening. Eligible studies were identified, and data were extracted. The primary outcome measure was the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of SPCs in Rb patients. Summary estimates were calculated using random or fixed effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Ten studies, including nine high-quality studies, were included in this review. The summary estimate of SIR for SPCs among hereditary Rb patients was 17.55 (95% CI=13.10-23.51), while the pooled estimate of SIR for SPCs among nonhereditary Rb patients was 1.36 (95% CI=0.90-2.04). Significant differences in SIRs for different SPC types were observed (P=0.028), including nasal cavity tumor (SIR=591.06, 95% CI=162.79-2146.01), bone tumor (SIR=442.91, 95% CI=191.63-1023.68), soft tissue sarcoma (SIR=202.93, 95% CI=114.10-360.93), CNS (SIR=12.84, 95% CI=8.80-18.74), and female breast cancer (SIR=3.68, 95% CI=2.52-5.37). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were associated with an increased risk of SPCs among hereditary Rb patients.
The findings of this review indicate that hereditary Rb patients have a significantly elevated risk of developing SPCs, whereas nonhereditary Rb patients do not show the same risk. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the SIRs of different SPC types. Treatment techniques, specifically chemotherapy and radiation therapy, were associated with an increased risk of SPCs among hereditary Rb patients. These findings highlight the importance of radiation protection for Rb patients and the need for further research and tailored management strategies for this high-risk population.
This paper investigated the feasibility of replacing cement with fly ash (FA) mass ratios ranging from 40 to 70% to produce high-volume FA (HVFA) concrete. A suite of mechanical tests were conducted ...over a 180-day time frame. The hydration properties were systematically evaluated using isothermal calorimetry test, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and selective dissolution method. Specially, a thermodynamic modeling was also used to predict phase assemblage and compare the experimental results in terms of the HVFA blended cement system. Experimental results showed that HVFA concrete exhibited lower early-age compressive strengths. However, beyond 28 days, the compressive strength of HVFA concrete developed faster than that of control concrete and the HVFA concrete with FA replacement of 40% showed comparable 180-day compressive strength to the control concrete. Hydration tests showed that the dilution and the pozzolanic effects of FA on cement hydration can be the critical reasons for the compressive strength development of HVFA concrete at early and later ages, respectively. Additionally, a good agreement between the experimental and modeling results can also be observed. These findings help to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to local FA disposal.
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