Obesity, which is caused by an energy imbalance between calorie intake and consumption, has become a major international health burden. Obesity increases the risk of insulin resistance and ...age‐related cognitive decline, accompanied by peripheral inflammation. (—)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities; however, few reports have focused on its potential effect on cognitive disorders. In this study, our goal was to investigate the protective effects of EGCG treatment on insulin resistance and memory impairment induced by a high‐fat and high‐fructose diet (HFFD). We randomly assigned 3‐mo‐old C57BL/6J mice to 3 groups with different diets: control group, HFFD group, and HFFD plus EGCG group. Memory loss was assessed by using the Morris water maze test, during which EGCG was observed to prevent HFFD‐elicited memory impairment and neuronal loss. Consistent with these results, EGCG attenuated HFFD‐induced neuronal damage. Of note, EGCG significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and cognitive disorder by up‐regulating the insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1)/AKT and ERK/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathways. Long‐term HFFD‐triggered neuroinflammation was restored by EGCG supplementation by inhibiting the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways, as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF‐α. EGCG also reversed high glucose and glucosamine‐induced insulin resistance in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells by improving the oxidized cellular status and mitochondrial function. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide compelling evidence that the nutritional compound EGCG has the potential to ameliorate HFFD‐triggered learning and memory loss.—Mi, Y., Qi, G., Fan, R., Qiao, Q., Sun, Y., Gao, Y., Liu, X. EGCG ameliorates high‐fat– and high‐fructose‐induced cognitive defects by regulating the IRS/AKT and ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways in the CNS. FASEB J. 31, 4998–5011 (2017). www.fasebj.org
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs), a plant-specific receptor-like kinase (RLK) sub-family, have been recently found to play crucial roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic ...stresses. In this review, we first describe the classification and structures of Lectin RLKs. Then we focus on the analysis of functions of LecRLKs in various biological processes and discuss the status of LecRLKs from the ligands they recognize, substrate they target, signaling pathways they are involved in, to the overall regulation of growth-defense tradeoffs. LecRLKs and the signaling components they interact with constitute recognition and protection systems at the plant cell surface contributing to the detection of environmental changes monitoring plant fitness.
In all organisms, major biological processes are controlled by complex protein-protein interactions networks (interactomes), yet their structural complexity presents major analytical challenges. ...Here, we integrate a compendium of over 4300 phenotypes with Arabidopsis interactome (AI-1
). We show that nodes with high connectivity and betweenness are enriched and depleted in conditional and essential phenotypes, respectively. Such nodes are located in the innermost layers of AI-1
and are preferential targets of pathogen effectors. We extend these network-centric analyses to Cell Surface Interactome (CSI
) and predict its 35 most influential nodes. To determine their biological relevance, we show that these proteins physically interact with pathogen effectors and modulate plant immunity. Overall, our findings contrast with centrality-lethality rule, discover fast information spreading nodes, and highlight the structural properties of pathogen targets in two different interactomes. Finally, this theoretical framework could possibly be applicable to other inter-species interactomes to reveal pathogen contact points.
Asymmetric optical transmission is fundamental and highly desirable in information processing and full manipulation of lightwave. We here propose an asymmetric optical transmission device consisting ...of a gradient metasurface and a one-dimensional subwavelength grating. Owing to the unidirectional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by the gradient metasurface, and SPP-assisted extraordinary optical transmission, forward incident light has much higher transmission than the backward one. We combine temporal coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain simulations to verify its operation principle and study the performance. The results indicate that asymmetric transmission with high-contrast and large forward transmittance can be obtained around the 1.3 µm optical communication band.
Uranium isotope compositions (δ238) and Th/U in carbonates are being explored as paleoredox proxies to study global oceanic anoxia. However, the impact of changes to local depositional environments ...that might cause a decline in δ238U and an increase in Th/U has not been thoroughly investigated. Here we report a decline in δ238U (from +0.1 to -0.3‰) and an increase in Th/U from shallow-marine carbonates during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum at Tingri (south Tibet). Changes of δ238U and Th/U are not fully coupled. The decline in δ238U coincided with a local sea-level fall, whereas the increase in Th/U occurred mainly during a sea-level rise. The decline in δ238U likely results from changes in redox conditions of pore waters and in primary carbonate mineralogy. The increase in Th/U is ascribed to reduced authigenic U(IV) accumulation. Here our results suggest that changes in local depositional environments can cause behavior of δ238U and Th/U resembling that induced by expanded global oceanic anoxia. This finding calls for caution to consider local factors before applying δ238U and Th/U as global paleoredox proxies.
The Qinling Orogenic Belt was formed by subduction and collision between the North and South China Blocks along the Shangdan suture. The Songshugou ultramafic massif located on the northern side of ...the Shangdan suture provides essential insights into the mantle origin and evolutionary processes during spreading and subduction of the Shangdan oceanic lithosphere. The ultramafic massif comprises harzburgite, coarse- and fine-grained dunites. The spinels from harzburgite exhibit low Cr# and high Mg# numbers, suggesting a mid-ocean ridge peridotite origin, whereas spinels from both coarse- and fine-grained dunites are indicated as resulted from melt-rock reaction due to their systematic higher Cr# and low Mg# numbers. This melt-rock reaction in the dunites is also indicated by the low TiO2 (mostly <0.4 wt%) in the spinel and high Fo (90–92) in olivines. Due to its relatively homogeneous nature in the mantle, oxygen isotopic composition is a sensitive indicator for the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Songshugou ultramafic rocks. Based on in-situ oxygen isotope analyses of olivines from twenty-six rock samples, most harzburgites from the Songshugou ultramafic massif show low δ18O values of 4.54–5.30‰, suggesting the olivines are equilibrium with N-MORB magmas and originally formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting. The coarse- and fine-grained dunites exhibit slightly higher olivine δ18O values of 4.69–6.00‰ and 5.00–6.11‰, respectively, suggesting they may have been modified by subduction-related boninitic melt-rock reaction. The δ18O values of olivines systematically increasing from the harzburgites, to coarse-grained dunites and fine-grained dunites may suggest enhancing of melt-rock reaction. The decreasing of Os concentration, 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios from harzburgite to dunite suggest an 187Os-enriched, subduction zone melt was responsible for creating the melt channel for melt-rock reactions. Together with the high-temperature ductile deformation microstructures, these isotopic and mineral geochemical features suggest that the harzburgites represent mantle residues after partial melting at mid-ocean ridge or supra-subduction zone, while the dunites were probably resulted from reactions between boninitic melt and harzburgites in a supra-subduction zone. Re-Os geochronology yields a maximum Re depletion model age (TRD) of 805 Ma, constraining the minimum formation age of the harzburgites derived from oceanic mantle. Eight samples of whole rock and chromite yield a Re-Os isochron age of 500 ± 120 Ma, constraining the timing of melt-rock reactions. Combined with the regional geology and our previous investigations, the Songshugou ultramafic rocks favors a mantle origin at mid-ocean ridge before 805 Ma, and were modified by boninitic melt percolations in a SSZ setting at ca. 500 Ma. This long-term tectonic process from spreading to subduction might imply a huge Pan-Tethyan ocean between the Laurasia (e.g., North China Block) and Gondwana (e.g., South China Block) and/or a one-side subduction.
Display omitted
•Songshugou ultramafic massif consists of harzburgite, coarse- & fine-grained dunite.•Olivine δ18O indicates harzburgite in equilibrium with N-MORB at mid-ocean ridge.•Two types of dunites were formed from boninitic melt-rock reaction in a SSZ setting.•Re-Os data reveals a maximum TRD age of 805 Ma and an isochron age of ca. 500 Ma.
Aquaporins are membrane channel proteins ubiquitously present in all kingdoms of life. Although aquaporins were originally discovered as water channels, their roles in the transport of small neutral ...solutes, gasses, and metal ions are now well established. Plants contain the largest number and greatest diversity of aquaporin homologs with diverse subcellular localization patterns, gating properties, and solute specificity. The roles of aquaporins in physiological functions throughout plant growth and development are well known. As an integral regulator of plant-water relations, they are presumed to play an important role in plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stressors. This review highlights involvement of various aquaporin homologs in plant stress responses against a variety of environmental stresses that disturb plant cell osmotic balance and nutrient homeostasis.
As one of the important parameters of bearing operation, temperature is a key metric to diagnose the state of service of a bearing. However, there are still some shortcomings in the study of the ...temperature variation law for damaged bearings. In this paper, according to the structural characteristics of bearings, the influence law of thermal-solid coupling effect on bearing structure is considered, and a novel transient temperature analysis model of damaged bearings is established. First, a quasi-static analysis of the bearing is performed to obtain the variation laws of the key parameters of the bearing under thermal expansion. Then, the load variation law of the bearing under the condition of damage is discussed, and the heat generation and heat transfer of the damaged bearing during operation are studied. Based on the thermal grid method, a transient temperature analysis model of the damaged bearing is developed. Finally, the model is tested experimentally and the influence of the rotate speed and load on the bearing temperature variation is analyzed. The results show that the established model can effectively predict the temperature variation and thermal equilibrium temperature of damaged bearings.
The picritic dykes occurring within fine-grained gabbro in the marginal zone and in the surrounding Proterozoic wall-rock marbles of the Panzhihua Fe–Ti oxide deposit closely correspond in bulk ...composition with the nearby Panzhihua intrusion. These dykes offer important constraints on the nature of the mantle source of the Panzhihua ore-bearing intrusion and its possible link to the Emeishan plume. U–Pb zircon dating of the picritic dyke yields a crystallization age of 261.4 ± 4.6 Ma, coeval with the timing of the main Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion and Late Permian Emeishan flood basalts. The Panzhihua picritic dykes contain 37.63–43.41 wt% SiO
2
, 1.15–1.56 wt% TiO
2
, 11.43–13.25 wt% TFe
2
O
3
, and 20.96–28.87 wt% MgO. Primitive-mantle-normalized patterns of the rocks are comparable to those of ocean island basalt. The rocks define a relatively small range of Os isotopic compositions and a low Os signature of −0.13 to +2.76 for γ
Os
(261 Ma). In combination with their Sr–Nd–Os isotopic compositions, we interpret that these rocks were derived from the Emeishan plume sources as well as the interactions of plume melts with the overlying lithosphere which had been extensively affected by eclogite-derived melts from the deep-subducted oceanic slab. Partial melting induced by an upwelling mantle plume that involved an eclogite or pyroxenite component in the lithospheric mantle could have produced the parental Fe-rich magma. Our study suggests that plume-lithosphere interaction might have played a key role in generating many world-class Fe–Ti oxide deposits clustered in the Panxi area.
Despite strong efforts to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and cervical cancer screening, cervical cancer remains a threat to women's reproductive health. Some high-risk HPV types play a ...crucial role in the progression of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Therefore, HPV screening has become an important means to prevent, diagnose, and triage cervical cancer. This study aims to leverage artificial intelligence to predict individual risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV infection and to recommend the appropriate triage strategy and follow-up period according to the risk level.
A total of 475 cases were collected in this study. The sources were from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in a tertiary hospital, a case report on HPV from the PubMed website, and clinical data of cervical cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Through in-depth study of the interaction between high-risk HPV and its risk factors, the risk factor relationship diagram structure was constructed. A Classification of Lesion Stages (CLS) algorithm was designed to predict cervical lesion stages. The risk levels of patients were analyzed based on all risk factors, and follow-up periods were formulated for each risk level.
Our proposed CLS algorithm predicted the probability of occurrence of CIN3-the precancerous lesion stage of cervical cancer. This prediction was based on patients' HPV-16 and -18 infection status, age, presence of persistent infection, and HPV type. Follow-up periods of 3-6 months, 6-12 months, and 3- to 5-year intervals were suggested for high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk patients, respectively.
A lesion prediction model was constructed to determine the probabilities of occurrence of CIN by analyzing individual data, such as patient lifestyle, physical assessments, and patient complaints, in order to identify high-risk patients. Furthermore, the potential implications of the calculated features were mined to devise prevention strategies.
PDF
