Mo‐Ni alloy‐based electrocatalysts are regarded as promising candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), despite their vulnerable stability in alkaline solution that hampers further ...application. Herein, Mo2TiC2Tx MXene, is employed as a support for MoNi4 alloy nanocrystals (NCs) to fabricate a unique nanoflower‐like MoNi4–MXn electrocatalyst. A remarkably strong built‐in electric field is established at the interface of two components, which facilitates the electron transfer from Mo2TiC2Tx to MoNi4. Due to the accumulation of electrons at the MoNi4 sites, the adsorption of the catalytic intermediates and ionic species on MoNi4 is affected consequently. As a result, the MoNi4–MX10 nanohybrid exhibits the lowest overpotential, even lower than 10% Pt/C catalyst at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH solution (122.19 vs 129.07 mV, respectively). Furthermore, a lower Tafel slope of 55.88 mV dec−1 is reported as compared to that of the 10% Pt/C (65.64 mV dec−1). Additionally, the MoNi4–MX10 catalyst also displays extraordinary chemical stability in alkaline solution, with an activity loss of only 0.15% per hour over 300 h of operation. This reflects the great potential of using MXene‐based interfacial engineering for the synthesis of a highly efficient and stable electrocatalyst.
The strong built‐in electric field at the interface of the MoNi4–MXn heterostructure facilitates electron transfer and adsorption of intermedia species. Therefore, the nanohybrid shows the lowest overpotential of 122.19 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with Tafel slope of 55.88 mV dec−1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), meanwhile exhibiting excellent stability over 300 h in 1 m KOH solution.
This study aims to intensively evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on mental illness risks (including psychological distress, prolonged fatigue, and perceived stress) ...and job strain (job control and job demands) for employees with poor mental health.
A longitudinal research design was adopted. In total, 144 participants were randomized to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group participated in MBI for eight weeks. Measurements were collected for both groups at five time points: at pre-intervention (T1), at mid-intervention (T2), at the completion of intervention (T3), four weeks after intervention (T4), and eight weeks after intervention (T5). Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. A linear mixed model with two levels was employed to analyze the repeated measurement data.
Compared with the control group, the intercepts (means at T3) for the intervention group were significantly lower on psychological distress, prolonged fatigue, and perceived stress when MBI was completed. Even with the demographic variables controlled, the positive effects remained. For growth rates of prolonged fatigue and perceived stress, participants in the intervention group showed a steeper decrease than did the participants in the control group. Regarding job strain, although the intercept (mean at T3) of job demands showed a significant decline when BMI was completed, the significance disappeared when the demographic variables were controlled. Moreover, the other results for job control and job demands did not show promising findings.
As a workplace health promotion program, the MBI seems to have potential in improving mental illness risks for employees with poor mental health. However, there was insufficient evidence to support its effect on mitigating job strain. Further research on maintaining the positive effects on mental health for the long term and on developing innovative MBI to suit job strain are recommended.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02241070.
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•Novel magnetically separable Ag2O/ZnFe2O4 p-n heterostructure photocatalysts were fabricated.•Ag2O/ZnFe2O4 composites display outstanding photoactivity for BPA degradation under ...visible light irradiation.•The band offsets in p-n heterostructure play a central role in promoting charge separation and performance enhancement.•Ag2O/ZnFe2O4 composites bring new insights into the comprehension and fabrication of novel p-n heterostructure photocatalysts.
The fabrication of highly efficient catalysts with easy recyclability has received great attention in the development of realistic photocatalytic applications. Herein, a magnetically separable Ag2O/ZnFe2O4 p-n heterostructure photocatalyst was fabricated and utilized for the degradation of BPA under visible light irradiation. Results show that the obtained AZ-3 composite possesses the optimal performance, which is about 2.33-fold and 34.45-fold higher than that of Ag2O and ZnFe2O4, respectively. The enhanced performance is attributed to the rapid separation of photogenerated electrons and holes caused by the built-in electric field between p-type Ag2O and n-type ZnFe2O4, as detailedly evidenced by photoelectrochemical measurements. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the electrons around the contact interface of Ag2O and ZnFe2O4 will be redistributed after their hybridization, while the investigation on energy band alignment further indicates that a type-II band alignment with ΔECBO = 0.16 eV and ΔEVBO = 0.65 eV is formed in this p-n heterostructure, which provides a solid support for the reaction mechanism. This work gives deep insights into the charge transfer properties of p-n heterostructure systems and opens new vistas for the construction of highly efficient and magnetically separable photocatalysts.
Abstract
We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H
i
) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter ...Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H
i
column density sensitivity of 5
σ
= 2.1 × 10
17
cm
−2
per 20 km s
−1
channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H
i
emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H
i
emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H
i
mass of
M
H I
= 3.48 ± 0.35 × 10
10
M
☉
is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H
i
deficient. The excessive H
i
gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200–6400 km s
−1
and 6800–7000 km s
−1
, which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the “missing H
i
” in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the severity of fatty liver and factors such as gender, lifestyle, and the risks of metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, and ...liver dysfunction in the working population. This cross-sectional study included 2936 workers aged 21–64 years. The severity of fatty liver was assessed using ultrasound. A self-administered survey was used to evaluate lifestyle habits. Data on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood tests, and biochemical evaluations was collected. The 45.5% of workers had fatty liver. Males had a higher prevalence of fatty liver and health risks and several unhealthy lifestyle habits compared to females. The health behavior score related to exercise showed notable declines as the severity of fatty liver increased (p < 0.001). Percentages of current alcohol drinkers differed among different levels of fatty liver, with rates of 43.1, 48.4, 44.8, and 63.4% (p = 0.005) observed in the absence, mild, moderate, and severe fatty liver, respectively. Workers with fatty liver showed increased risks related to metabolic anomalies, especially in severe cases. The risk of inflammation and liver dysfunction also significantly increased with elevated fatty liver severity. Overall, fatty liver presents significant health risks, with nearly half of the workers diagnosed with the condition. To improve liver health, it is crucial to have customized strategies for promoting health, taking into account the different levels of severity in fatty liver.
Zika virus (ZIKV) directly infects neural progenitors and impairs their proliferation. How ZIKV interacts with the host molecular machinery to impact neurogenesis in vivo is not well understood. ...Here, by systematically introducing individual proteins encoded by ZIKV into the embryonic mouse cortex, we show that expression of ZIKV-NS2A, but not Dengue virus (DENV)-NS2A, leads to reduced proliferation and premature differentiation of radial glial cells and aberrant positioning of newborn neurons. Mechanistically, in vitro mapping of protein-interactomes and biochemical analysis suggest interactions between ZIKA-NS2A and multiple adherens junction complex (AJ) components. Functionally, ZIKV-NS2A, but not DENV-NS2A, destabilizes the AJ complex, resulting in impaired AJ formation and aberrant radial glial fiber scaffolding in the embryonic mouse cortex. Similarly, ZIKA-NS2A, but not DENV-NS2A, reduces radial glial cell proliferation and causes AJ deficits in human forebrain organoids. Together, our results reveal pathogenic mechanisms underlying ZIKV infection in the developing mammalian brain.
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•ZIKV-NS2A, but not DENV-NS2A, depletes RGCs in the embryonic mouse cortex•ZIKV-NS2A expression causes mis-positioning of newborn neurons in the mouse cortex•ZIKA-NS2A interacts with and depletes adherens junction (AJ) complex proteins•ZIKV-NS2A impairs RGC proliferation and AJ formation in human forebrain organoids
Zika virus infects neural stem cells and causes microcephaly. In this study, Yoon et al. showed that NS2A protein encoded by Zika virus, but not by Dengue virus, impairs proliferation of radial glial cells in both embryonic mouse cortex and human forebrain organoids. Mechanistically, ZIKV-NS2A disrupts adherens junction formation.
Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AACC) is an important allopolyploid crop derived from interspecific crosses between Brassica rapa (2n = 2x = 20, AA) and Brassica oleracea (2n = 2x = 18, CC). However, ...no truly wild B. napus populations are known; its origin and improvement processes remain unclear. Here, we resequence 588 B. napus accessions. We uncover that the A subgenome may evolve from the ancestor of European turnip and the C subgenome may evolve from the common ancestor of kohlrabi, cauliflower, broccoli, and Chinese kale. Additionally, winter oilseed may be the original form of B. napus. Subgenome-specific selection of defense-response genes has contributed to environmental adaptation after formation of the species, whereas asymmetrical subgenomic selection has led to ecotype change. By integrating genome-wide association studies, selection signals, and transcriptome analyses, we identify genes associated with improved stress tolerance, oil content, seed quality, and ecotype improvement. They are candidates for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of B. napus.
The re-emerging mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV), a member of Orthopoxvirus genus together with variola virus (VARV) and vaccinia virus (VACV), has led to public health emergency of ...international concern since July 2022. Inspired by the unprecedent success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines, the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine against MPXV is of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we rationally constructed and prepared a panel of multicomponent MPXV vaccine candidates encoding different combinations of viral antigens including M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R. In vitro and in vivo characterization demonstrated that two immunizations of all mRNA vaccine candidates elicit a robust antibody response as well as antigen-specific Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Importantly, the penta- and tetra-component vaccine candidates AR-MPXV5 and AR-MPXV4a showed superior capability of inducing neutralizing antibodies as well as of protecting from VACV challenge in mice. Our study provides critical insights to understand the protection mechanism of MPXV infection and direct evidence supporting further clinical development of these multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates.
Infection with live‐attenuated vaccines always inevitably induces side effects that reduce their safety. This study suggests a concept of magnetic virus produced by genetically modifying viral ...surfaces with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to control their tropisms. An iron‐affinity peptide is designed to be displayed on the viral surface protein (VP1) of human enterovirus type 71 (EV71), a typical nonenveloped picornavirus, as the model. The modified EV71 can self‐bind with Fe3O4 NPs under physiological conditions, resulting in novel EV71‐Fe3O4 hybrid materials. This rationally engineered EV71 with Fe3O4 retains its original biological infectivity, but its tropism can be precisely controlled by magnetism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that EV71‐Fe3O4 can infect only a desired area within the limit of the applied magnetic field, which effectively reduces its pathological damage. More importantly, this characteristic of EV71 can be inherited due to the gene‐induced coassembly of viruses and NPs. This achievement provides a proof of concept in virus vaccine improvement by a combination of gene modification and material incorporation, leading to great potential for biomedical developments.
Infection with live‐attenuated vaccines always inevitably induces side effects that reduce their safety. Here, a rationally designed magnetic virus is suggested with inheritable magnetism, which retains its original biological infectivity while its tropism can be precisely controlled by magnetism. This study provides a proof of concept in virus vaccine improvement by a combination of gene modification and material incorporation.
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