Problem of distribution gathers the attention of researchers for years. In their research they analyze the uniformity of distribution using Pareto model of distribution, the Lorenz curve and the Gini ...coefficient. Also some authors are testing the applicability of models from statistical physics to the problem of distribution to better describe it. In addition to the analysis of distribution at the level of states and certain groups such as the Forbes list, the problem is spreading to the global level, where we analyze the distribution of GDP as a measure of the wealth of individual countries.In this paper we analyzed the distribution of GDP of countries applying the Pareto model, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Boltzmann Gibbs distribution from statistical physics. The analysis was done for 2015, while the Gini coefficient analysis was done during the period from 1990 to 2015.
Implementation of IT innovations in insurance industry enhances actual business models and creates new ones. E-insurance refers to creating and providing insurance and connected financial services ...through digital solutions. In this paper the impact of IT usage and digitalization on insurance sector in the Republic of Serbia is analysed. The aim of the proposed analysis is to reveal the determinants of the adoption of innovative technological solutions in insurance in the Republic of Serbia. Relying on the TOE framework, three groups of factors influencing the adoption of IT in e-insurance are identified: technological, organizational and environmental. Panel data approach and logistic regression are used to examine the effects of proposed factors on e-insurance adoption. The obtained results indicate that organizational and environmental factors have statistically significant influence on the achieved level of e-insurance adoption, while only the market share of the insurance company positively influences the odds of e-insurance adoption. Therefore, it can be concluded that e-insurance in the Republic of Serbia is the matter of reputation and tendency of insurers to achieve short-term gains and a competitive advantage through innovation.
Abstract
C
4
H
2
N
3
BrO
4
·H
2
O, monoclinic,
P
2
1
/
c
(no. 14),
a
= 7.177(2) Å,
b
= 10.999(3) Å,
c
= 10.414(3) Å,
β
=
100.145
(
11
)
∘
$100.145{(11)}^{\circ }$
,
V
= 809.3(4) Å
3
,
Z
= 4,
R
...g
t
${R}_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{t}}$
(
F
) = 0.0379,
w
R
r
e
f
$w{R}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}$
(
F
2
) = 0.0714, T = 200 K
Abstract
C
10
H
9
BrN
2
, orthorhombic,
P
2
1
2
1
2
1
(no. 19),
a
= 5.9070(3) Å,
b
= 9.2731(7) Å,
c
= 17.5641(14) Å,
V
= 962.09(12) Å
3
,
Z
= 4,
R
gt
(
F
) = 0.0504,
wR
ref
(
F
2
) = 0.0947, ...T = 293(2) K.
The trinuclear Zn
3(
Hdmpz)
2(
dmpz)
4(NCS)
2 complex (
Hdmpz: 3,5-dimethylpyrazole) has been synthesized by the title reaction. The complex has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR ...spectroscopy, thermal analysis and quantum chemical computations.
The trinuclear Zn
3(
Hdmpz)
2(
dmpz)
4(NCS)
2 complex (
Hdmpz: 3,5-dimethylpyrazole) has been synthesized by the reaction of tetraamminezinc(II) chloride with 3,5-dimethyl-1-thiocarboxamidepyrazole. The ammonia evolving gradually from Zn(NH
3)
4Cl
2 ensured a mild gradually increasing basic pH during the synthesis which caused a cleavage of the 1-
N-substituent. Moreover, the changing pH controlled the pyrazolate anion–neutral ligand equilibrium, and in this way the formation of the precipitate complex. The structure of the complex was investigated by X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical computations. The complex was characterized in detail by FT-IR-spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The bonding interactions between Zn
2+ and the ligands were analysed on the basis of the computed data.
Macular edema along with macular ischemia is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central retinal vein occlusion. Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks vascular endothelial growth factor ...(VEGF) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 patients were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of edema. Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 patients increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, patients receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.
The novel Co(ampf)(MeOH)
2NO
3NO
3 complex with a formamidine-type ligand is obtained by an one-step template synthesis. It is characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, ...elemental and thermal analysis. The quantum chemical computations indicate a comparable involvement of the ligand donor atoms in the total charge transfer.
In the reaction of Co(NO
3)
2
·
6H
2O with 4-acetyl-3-amino-5-methylpyrazole (
aamp) two octahedral Co(II) complexes, Co(
aamp)
2(H
2O)
4(NO
3)
2,
1, and Co(
ampf)(MeOH)
2NO
3NO
3 (
ampf
=
N,N′-bis(4-acetyl-5-methylpyrazole-3-yl)formamidine),
2, were obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. The presence of water in the reaction system leads to incorporation of water molecules into the crystal lattice and
1 was formed. In an anhydrous environment, due to addition of CH(OEt)
3, the fusion of two
aamp was induced through their NH
2-groups, incorporating the methine group of CH(OEt)
3. As a result, complex
2, containing an adenino-mimetic NNO pharmacophore ligand, was obtained. The crystal and molecular structure of both compounds was determined. The coordination of
aamp in
1 was achieved through N2 of the pyrazole ring. On the contrary, in
2, an unusual coordination mode of pyrazole is found: one of the pyrazole moieties, due to steric hindrance, coordinates through the oxygen atom of the acetyl group instead of N2. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and electronic spectra. For
2 a comprehensive IR spectral analysis is given. The metal–ligand interactions in
2 are analyzed by quantum chemical computations. The desolvation mechanism of both compounds is discussed in detail.
Digital revolution and demands for sustainability are the most important determinants of the economic development in the last years. Insurance as a risk protection mechanism can support the ...achievement of many Global Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations in direct or indirect manner. Decision engines and artificial intelligence support to decision-making allow insurers to propose tailored customer-centric services based on micro-segments and personalized risk profiles. Providing a more adequate set of products insurance creates a financial safety net for women, families and businesses and contributes to poverty alleviation and supports economic growth, innovations and employment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of application of information technology in insurance and challenges for its implementation.
Digital revolution and demands for sustainability are the most important determinants of the economic development in the last years. Insurance as a risk protection mechanism can support the ...achievement of many Global Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations in direct or indirect manner. Decision engines and artificial intelligence support to decision-making allow insurers to propose tailored customer-centric services based on micro-segments and personalized risk profiles. Providing a more adequate set of products insurance creates a financial safety net for women, families and businesses and contributes to poverty alleviation and supports economic growth, innovations and employment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of application of information technology in insurance and challenges for its implementation.
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