Digital revolution and demands for sustainability are the most important determinants of the economic development in the last years. Insurance as a risk protection mechanism can support the ...achievement of many Global Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations in direct or indirect manner. Decision engines and artificial intelligence support to decision-making allow insurers to propose tailored customer-centric services based on micro-segments and personalized risk profiles. Providing a more adequate set of products insurance creates a financial safety net for women, families and businesses and contributes to poverty alleviation and supports economic growth, innovations and employment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of application of information technology in insurance and challenges for its implementation.
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Purpose: To discuss treatment modalities for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP‐ROP).
Methods: The medical charts of all infants with AP‐ROP at Uppsala University Hospital, ...Sweden, during a 2‐year period (2009 and 2010) were reviewed. Eight infants (16 eyes) with a mean gestational age of 23.8 weeks and a mean birth weight of 592 g were treated with laser and/or intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (0.4 and 0.625 mg). RetCam photography was used to document the retinal appearance before and after treatment.
Results: All infants (16 eyes) had AP‐ROP in zone I. Mean time at initial treatment was 34 weeks postmenstrual age. Two eyes (one infant) were only treated with laser, and six eyes (three infants) were treated with laser therapy or cryopexy and, because of lack of regression, with bevacizumab as salvage therapy. Eight eyes (four infants) were treated with a first‐line bevacizumab injection and four of these eyes (two infants) with additional laser ablation for continued disease progression in zone II. Macular dragging occurred in one eye of one infant primarily treated with laser.
Conclusions: Given the high complication rate of the extensive laser treatment for zone I ROP, it is worth considering anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment as an alternative therapy. Further knowledge concerning side effects and long‐term ocular and systemic outcome is warranted before this drug becomes general clinical practice.
Abstract
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Consensus protocols are used for the distributed management of large databases in an environment without trust among participants. The choice of a specific protocol depends on the purpose and ...characteristics of the system itself. The subjects of the paper are consensus protocols in permissioned blockchains. The objective of this paper is to identify functional advantages and disadvantages of observed protocol. The analysis covers a total of six consensus protocols for permissioned blockchains. The following characteristics were compared: security, trust among participants, throughput and scalability. The results show that no protocol shows absolute dominance in all aspects of the comparison. Paxos and Raft are intended for systems in which there is no suspicion of unreliable users, but only the problem of a temporary shutdown. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance is intended for systems with a small number of nodes. Federated Byzantine Fault Tolerance shows better scalability and is more suitable for large systems, but can withstand a smaller number of malicious nodes. Proof-of-authority can withstand the largest number of malicious nodes without interfering with the functioning of the system. When choosing a consensus protocol for a blockchain application, one should take into account priority characteristics.
The topic of wealth and money distribution attracts great attention of economists, as well as researchers from other scientific fields, such as statistical physics and econophysics. An increasing ...number of models and simulations are being created in order to understand the process of wealth distribution and reaching the steady state of the distribution system. Also, the number of papers dealing with analysis and determining the distribution proportion is constantly growing, and, unlike the previous years, when the Pareto principle was “80-20”, today that principle could be “90-10”and even “90-20”. In this paper we present an agent-based simulation model derived from econophysics that describes the dynamics of wealth distribution. Two models of exponential function are tested: a one-phase model that uses the Newton’s law of cooling and a two-phase exponential function model. We found that exponential decreasing function adequately described the dynamics of wealth distribution, especially in the models without the possibility of borrowing money, and the validity of the Pareto principle “80-20” in these models could be confirmed.
Demencija je klinički sindrom koji nastupa kada postoji deficit kognitivnog funkcioniranja u jednoj ili više kognitivnih domena (učenje i pamćenje, jezik, egzekutivne funkcije, pažnja, ...perceptivno-motorna i socijalna kognicija) te je dovoljno snažan da utječe na svakodnevno funkcioniranje i neovisnost osobe. Demografsko starenje populacije pokazatelj je napretka suvremene medicine u zadnjem stoljeću, no obzirom da demencija najviše zahvaća osobe starije od 65 godina, povećava se svijest o ovoj bolesti čija je pojavnost u porastu i koja brzo poprima pandemijske razmjere. Iako je najčešće prisutna kod starijih osoba, ne spada u fiziološki proces starenja.
U svijetu se sve više govori o fizičkom, psihološkom, društvenom, i ekonomskom utjecaju demencije na bolesnika, obitelj, skrbnika i općenito na zdravstevne politike. Oko 40 milijuna ljudi u cijelom svijetu ima demenciju (podaci od 2015. godine), a svake 3.2 sekunde otkrije se novi slučaj demencije, što čini oko 10 milijuna novih bolesnika godišnje. Najčešća je Alzheimerova demencija čiji je udio 60-80% svih demencija. Prema projekcijama Alzheimer Disease International do 2050.godine biti će približno tri puta više ljudi s demencijom (110 milijuna) u odnosu na 2015. godinu.
Stoga je potrebno podići svijest o epidemiji demencije u budućnosti, njenom utjecaju na društvo i najvažnije načine prepoznavanja demencija, pravilnu i ranu dijagnostiku i pravovremeno liječenje.
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