The COVID-19 lockdown in education institutions required music teachers to use ICT to continue teaching. This research study, with the use of a Likert type online questionnaire, analyses the ICT ...activities carried out during this period and the learning conceptions they reflect. The questionnaire consisted of the description of activities which varied, depending on the learning promoted (reproductive or constructive), the learning outcomes (verbal, procedural, or attitudinal), the type of assessment to which the activities were directed, and the presence of cooperative activities. The teachers had to indicate the frequency with which they carried out these activities. The questionnaire was completed by 254 instrumental music teachers from different types of institutions and different levels. The main study outcome was that teachers used reproductive activities more frequently than constructive ones. We also found that most activities were those favouring verbal learning and assessment. The cooperative activities were the least frequent. Finally, through a cluster analysis, we identified three teaching profiles depending on the frequency and type of ICT used: Passive, Active, and Interpretative. The variable that produced the most consistent differences was previous ICT use.
Instrumental music teaching; Distance music education; ICT educational uses; Reproductive learning; Constructive learning; COVID-19.
Home Mechanical Ventilation in the Elderly García, María del Carmen García, MD; Borge, Jacinto Hernández, MD; Goncalves, Pedro Pires, MD ...
Chest,
March 2014, Volume:
145, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Cold stress reduces microbial growth and metabolism being relevant in industrial processes like wine making and brewing. Knowledge on the cold transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...suggests the need of a proper redox balance. Nevertheless, there are no direct evidence of the links between NAD(P) levels and cold growth and how engineering of enzymatic reactions requiring NAD(P) may be used to modify the performance of industrial strains at low temperature.
Recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae modified for increased NADPH- and NADH-dependent Gdh1 and Gdh2 activity were tested for growth at low temperature. A high-copy number of the GDH2-encoded glutamate dehydrogenase gene stimulated growth at 15°C, while overexpression of GDH1 had detrimental effects, a difference likely caused by cofactor preferences. Indeed, neither the Trp(-) character of the tested strains, which could affect the synthesis of NAD(P), nor changes in oxidative stress susceptibility by overexpression of GDH1 and GDH2 account for the observed phenotypes. However, increased or reduced NADPH availability by knock-out or overexpression of GRE3, the NADPH-dependent aldose reductase gene, eliminated or exacerbated the cold-growth defect observed in YEpGDH1 cells. We also demonstrated that decreased capacity of glycerol production impairs growth at 15 but not at 30°C and that 15°C-grown baker's yeast cells display higher fermentative capacity than those cultivated at 30°C. Thus, increasing NADH oxidation by overexpression of GDH2 would help to avoid perturbations in the redox metabolism induced by a higher fermentative/oxidative balance at low temperature. Finally, it is shown that overexpression of GDH2 increases notably the cold growth in the wine yeast strain QA23 in both standard growth medium and synthetic grape must.
Redox constraints limit the growth of S. cerevisiae at temperatures below the optimal. An adequate supply of NAD(P) precursors as well as a proper level of reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH are required for cold growth. However, a major limitation is the increased need of oxidation of NADH to NAD(+) at low temperature. In this scenario, our results identify the ammonium assimilation pathway as a target for the genetic improvement of cold growth in industrial strains.
Este artículo muestra las metas y estrategias que caracterizan la práctica de un modelo constructivo, ilustrándolas mediante el análisis de casos de enseñanza instrumental en aulas de conservatorio. ...Partiendo de un análisis metacognitivo de secuencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje, se muestran las estrategias seguidas desde una práctica constructiva para planificar las actividades, supervisarlas y evaluarlas. Se observa que las metas, y también las estrategias que utilizan, difieren de las empleadas en enfoques más tradicionales, siendo la principal diferencia el convertir la reflexión en objetivo de la enseñanza, para el cual los contenidos musicales son solo un medio para alcanzar esa meta
En los últimos años, la enseñanza de la interpretación musical en los conservatorios viene estando sometida a exigencias de cambio, tanto por las propias reformas curriculares que han tenido lugar ...como por el desarrollo de la propia investigación en este dominio. Sin embargo, esas demandas de cambio hacia una enseñanza basada en un modelo constructivista apenas han alcanzado la realidad de las aulas. Este artículo propone que una de las razones de esa resistencia al cambio son las concepciones implícitas sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de profesores y alumnos, al tiempo que introduce el resto de los estudios que componen este número monográfico.
Recent years have seen a huge growth in the market of industrial yeasts with the need for strains affording better performance or to be used in new applications. Stress tolerance of commercial ...Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts is, without doubt, a trait that needs improving. Such trait is, however, complex, and therefore only in-depth knowledge of their biochemical, physiological and genetic principles can help us to define improvement strategies and to identify the key factors for strain selection.
We have determined the transcriptional response of commercial baker's yeast cells to both high-sucrose and lean dough by using DNA macroarrays and liquid dough (LD) model system. Cells from compressed yeast blocks display a reciprocal transcription program to that commonly reported for laboratory strains exposed to osmotic stress. This discrepancy likely reflects differences in strain background and/or experimental design. Quite remarkably, we also found that the transcriptional response of starved baker's yeast cells was qualitatively similar in the presence or absence of sucrose in the LD. Nevertheless, there was a set of differentially regulated genes, which might be relevant for cells to adapt to high osmolarity. Consistent with this, overexpression of CAF16 or ORC2, two transcriptional factor-encoding genes included in this group, had positive effects on leavening activity of baker's yeast. Moreover, these effects were more pronounced during freezing and frozen storage of high-sucrose LD.
Engineering of differentially regulated genes opens the possibility to improve the physiological behavior of baker's yeast cells under stress conditions like those encountered in downstream applications.
En este artículo se expone un trabajo descriptivo de enseñanza de la música, basado en un caso, en el que, desde un enfoque emocional y encarnado, alejado de los métodos tradicionales, analíticos y ...basados en la partitura, se muestra el papel que juegan diferentes representaciones, desde las más encarnadas (la posición corporal, los gestos) hasta las más simbólicas (la partitura), en el proceso de redescripción representacional para dar sentido emocional a la música. Además, se estudia cómo el uso del Smartphone y otros dispositivos similares pueden ayudar a un acercamiento epistémico a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la música. Se discuten los diferentes enfoques de acercamiento a la música y las relaciones entre diferentes representaciones.
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