Dynamic Interactive Model of Sport Motivation Tušak, Matej; Corrado, Donatella Di; Coco, Marinella ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
04/2022, Volume:
19, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Motivation variables in 11 motivational instruments of 357 Slovenian male athletes (168 elite and 189 young athletes from age 12-14) in nine different sport disciplines (basketball, football, ...handball, water polo, ice hockey, ski jumping, alpine skiing, sport climbing, and judo) were obtained. Different concepts of motivation were researched, such as achievement motivation, incentive motivation, participation motivation, goal orientation, satisfaction and enjoyment in sport, self-efficacy, effort, and ability attributions. The most popular framework for motivation in sport lately has been social cognitive perspective. The aim of this study was to form a dynamic interactive model of sport motivation. We tried to upgrade different models of motivation to one unique meta model of sport motivation, which would explain possible behaviours and motivation in sport situations. Different statistic methods were used to define differences among young and elite athletes and between athletes in group and individual sports. The results show important differences among those groups and suggest that specific sport discipline also has a specific footprint inside motivation. Factor analysis and discriminant analysis were used to explore sport motivation space. The results also suggest that it is possible to define some main determinants of sport motivation that can be connected to previous models of sport motivation.
The chief aim of this study was to analyze secondary healthcare providers' efficiency, focusing on the efficiency analysis of Slovene general hospitals. We intended to present a complete picture of ...technical, allocative, and cost or economic efficiency of general hospitals.
Attentive Processes and Blood Lactate in the Sambo Coco, Marinella; Buscemi, Andrea; Tušak, Matej ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
01/2022, Volume:
19, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Sambo is a martial art and combat sport that originated in the Soviet Union. There are two main stiles, Sport Sambo and Combat Sambo which resembles modern mixed martial arts. Very little literature ...is available about physiological aspects of Sambo and, in particular, on the possible effects on cognitive domains. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there is a correlation between a blood lactate increase and the intensity and/or selectivity of attentions.
Sixteen male athletes practicing Sambo for at least 5 years participated voluntarily in the study. Each athlete had to sustain, with an interval of one week, both a Sport Sambo match and a Combat Sambo match, each lasting 5 min. Blood lactate levels as well as attentive capacities were evaluated at three different times: at rest, i.e., 5 min before the start of the session (pre), at end of the session and 15 min after its conclusion. Reaction time protocol was used to evaluate the intensity of attention, whereas divided attention was assessed for analyzing the selectivity of attention together with errors and omissions.
Concerning Sport Sambo, blood lactate was 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session, reached a mean value of 3.40 mmol/L (±0.45 SD) at the end of the session (end) and returned to values similar to initial ones (a mean value of 1.98 mmol/L (±0.37 SD) after 15 min (15-end). None of the attentive parameters examined, showed statistically significant differences. Conversely, for Combat Sambo, it was found a significant increase in blood lactate levels that went from 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session (pre), to 4.76 mmol/L (±0.60 SD) at the end (end) and then back to values similar to those observed before the session 15 min after its conclusion (15-end), i.e., 1.97 mmol/L (±0.37 SD); however, after a Combat Sambo session increases in blood lactate were associated with significant worsening of attentional mechanisms.
In conclusion, in all the participants, the worsening of attentional mechanisms was observed only after the Combat Sambo session in which blood lactate values exceeded 4 mmol/L. This figure, also known as the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA), is commonly used to determine the anaerobic threshold.
Sport performance is characterized by competitive stressful conditions that elicit emotional states. The purpose of the study was to examine whether stress mediated the relationship between mood ...states and performance. Thirty-two elite canoe polo players from four different Italian teams (16 senior males and 16 senior females), aged between 29 and 38 years old (M = 32.3, SD = 2.71), participated in the study. Measures included level of psychological stress, six mood dimensions, and performance outcome. We also detected the digit ratio-the lower second-to-fourth digit length (2D:4D) ratio-as it was demonstrated to be correlated to high sports performance. The assessment took place one day before the first game of the national competition "ITALY CUP". Male athletes reported lower scores on dysfunctional emotion-related states and on 2D:4D ratio than female athletes. The results of the mediation analysis showed that psychological stress plays a mediating role between moods and performance. Overall, given the limited literature, the findings supported an integrative approach to the study of the linkage between emotion and action in canoe polo.
The present study was carried out among 20 healthy young male athletes to determine whether aerobic exercise performed at two different intensities is able to affect executive functions. For this ...purpose, we used the Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT) to evaluate the ability to inhibit cognitive interference and the Trail Making Test (TMT) to assess organized visual search, set shifting, and cognitive flexibility. Simple Reaction Time (RT), as a measure of perception and response execution, was also evaluated. The experimental protocol included the measure of blood lactate levels with the aim of assessing possible relations between lactate blood values and selected executive functions after a 30-min steady-state test performed at 60% and at 80% of VO2max. The results showed that a 30-min aerobic exercise is not associated with a worsening of executive functions as long as the blood lactate levels stay within the 4 mmol/l threshold.
The aim of this research was to investigate the causes of the emergence of sports injuries and to explain the differences in psychological response with regard to the severity of the injury. We ...examined 68 competing Slovene athletes with surgically treated knee injury. The estimated time of rehabilitation of the more severely injured athletes was six months, while those who sustained less severe injuries faced a monthlong rehabilitation. We measured the athletes’ personality traits, their athletic identity, coping with pain, rehabilitation beliefs, motivation and social support provided by their family and their coach as well as their colleagues. The results showed that the group of more severely injured athletes demonstrated behaviour that is less inhibited in response than the group of athletes with less severe injuries. The psychological response proved to be almost the same in both groups, except for the higher levels of catastrophizing, and a higher individual coping response found in the group of more severely injured athletes. Furthermore, masculinity was found to predict self-efficacy and the individual coping response, the strength of athletic identity predicted motivation and rehabilitation value, while emotional lability predicted catastrophizing and self-efficacy. Athletes with lower athletic identity, lower masculinity and higher emotional lability are more exposed to adjustment difficulties after sustaining an athletic injury. In our opinion, the strategies for successful rehabilitation after a sports injury should be aimed at the identification of athletes with personality traits that pose a higher risk of experiencing adjustment difficulties, at promoting adequate motivation, increasing coach support and at the application of cognitive-behavioural strategies.
Aim
The economic evaluation of medical programs applies procedures that search for and ensure the cheapest methods of medical treatment with the best feasible health results. The aim of this study ...was to thoroughly examine both the costs and results of medical outcomes, which were based upon two alternative methods of treatment. The purpose was to offer obtained information to the medical profession and hospital management, since they must decide on how to use the funds designed for knee arthroscopy surgery.
Methods
A cost-utility analysis of two competitive treatments for knee arthroscopy was evaluated: the first one was executed by a
standard department of surgery and the second one for the implementation within the framework of ambulatory treatment.
Results
The direct costs of the existing knee arthroscopy surgery amount to 930.39 euro, while the alternative treatment amount to
419.80 euro. The second alternative treatment would significantly reduce labor costs, depreciation costs and material costs. The implementation of the second alternative would reduce the total cost by 54.88%.
Conclusion:
Outpatient surgical procedures can bring numerous potential advantages such as lower costs and unchanged or improved medical outcomes, when compared to the classical method of outpatient treatment. The results show that the outpatient treatment does not sacrifice quality in order to reduce hospital costs.
Objective. The majority of the literature regarding sports injuries is concentrated on specific characteristics related to sports injuries and injuries at sport activities at all. We strove to ...establish whether the success of the rehabilitation process can be predicted based on numerous psychosocial variables. Methods. Our sample comprised of 68 competing athletes who underwent an operative knee surgery. The rehabilitation process for athletes lasted one or 6 months; all athletes obtained serious injuries by the standards of National Athletic Injury Reporting System (1). The following variables were measured: coping with pain (SIP 15), rehabilitation behaviours (SIRBS), motivation for rehabilitation, anxiety (STAI X1) and social support. A questionnaire that measures the functioning of the knee (2000 IKDC) was taken as an indicator of the rehabilitation success. Participants were tested both prior to and following the process of rehabilitation. Results. Our results showed that the success of psychological rehabilitation could be predicted from changes in certain psychosocial variables (a decrease in anxiety and an increase in susceptibility, self-efficacy and catastrophizing). After the rehabilitation, only 10 % of athletes were able to reach the criteria of a successful physical and psychological rehabilitation. Conclusions. We can conclude that since selected psychological variables were found to have a high loading on psychological rehabilitation there it makes sense to control these variables.
Izhodišča. Večina raziskav s področja športnih poškodb se nanaša na specifične značilnosti, ki sprožijo, napovedujejo ali preprečujejo športne poškodbe. Raziskava preučuje možnost napovedovanja uspešnosti rehabilitacije na osnovi psiholoških značilnosti poškodovanih športnikov, in sicer spoprijemanja z bolečino, vedenja v procesu rehabilitacije (SIRBS), motivacije za rehabilitacijo, tesnobe kot stanja in socialne opore. Metode. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 68 športnikov po operaciji kolena zaradi resne poškodbe, definirane na osnovi izbranega sistema (1). Rehabilitacijski proces je trajal en mesec ali šest mesecev. Udeleženci so bili psihološko obravnavani pred procesom rehabilitacije in po njem. Rezultati. Rezultati so pokazali, da je uspešnost rehabilitacije večja, če se zmanjša anksioznost in poveča dojemljivost ter zaznata samoučinkovitost in katastrofiziranje. Le za 10 % športnikov lahko rečemo, da je bila pri njih rehabilitacija uspešna. Zaključki. Na osnovi raziskave lahko rečemo, da se konstruktivna vedenja, povezana z rehabilitacijo, povezujejo s psihološko rehabilitacijo poškodovanih športnikov.
Our self-concept is how we see ourselves in our minds. The goal of this research was to discover any significant differences in the dimensions of self-concept between clinical nurses employed in an ...intensive care unit in Slovenia and Slovenian women from the general population, who represented the control group. The research included 603 women aged 20—40 years (mean 29.94; standard deviation ±6.0) who had a high-school education. To determine the differences between the groups statistically we used one-way analysis of variance. The results revealed that clinical nurses had a more positive self-concept than members of the control group. Self-concept is very important in nursing because it is closely connected to the existing value system of individuals and their behaviour. Self-concept gives nurses a sense of how they use their abilities and how they perform in relation to patients.
The purpose of this research was to study the motives for sports participation, general health status, attitudes to sport, general satisfaction with life and self-motivation. Factorial structure of ...the sport participation motives, the differences of the incentive systems among the employees and the correlation between the incentive systems and other variables were also in the focus of interest. The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Self-motivation Inventory (SMI) and the Questionnaire of Attitudes Towards Sport (SS) were used. Employees of the Slovenian army (N=137; 73 soldiers, 36 non-commissioned officers and 28 officers) collaborated in the research. A positive attitude to sport of the army employees was obtained. They mainly do sports in order to develop and maintain their physical abilities, to remain healthy and in good physical condition. They like taking up activities which they are good at. As the least motivating factors they indicated the wishes of their parents and close friends, who liked to watch their performance, and the desire to be popular. The level of self-motivation of the employees in the Slovenian Armed Forces was high as well; the highest being among the commissioned officers. The study has shown above-average levels of general health status and satisfaction with life. The non-commissioned officers expressed the highest level of satisfaction with life among the respondents. Factor analysis gave 7 incentives. The employees, who valued the motives of a group atmosphere and productivity motives, also had a more positive attitude to sports. The employees who valued health, competence and professional promotion motives, along with the group atmosphere motives, were more self- motivated. One discriminant function was obtained by the discriminant analysis and was named intrinsic motivation and satisfaction with life. The highest level of discrimination of the discriminant function occurred between the non-commissioned and commissioned officers (expressed as high), on one hand, and soldiers on the other (expressed as low).
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