Social communication disorder (SCD) is a novel diagnosis listed under the rubric of communication disorders within the
(DSM-5) and it is reported to be characterized by impairment in use of verbal ...and nonverbal communication for social aims. This review attempts to summarize the current understanding of the SCD concept along with its evolution and presents data from previous studies conducted. Suggestions for further research are also delineated. As listed in DSM-5, the criteria for this novel diagnosis are vague, display elevated comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders and other childhood psychopathologies, and show partial overlap with autistic spectrum disorders both in terms of genetics and family histories. Data on cross-cultural presentations and temporal stability are also limited. The social communication model proposed by Catani and Bambini may help integrate the neurobiological findings pertaining to SCD. Valid and reliable assessment methods need to be developed for SCD. This may involve either development of novel instruments capturing the DSM-5 criteria or application of statistical methods such as item response theory to existing instruments. The relationships between broad autism phenotype, pragmatic language impairment, nonverbal learning disorder, learning disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, and SCD should be evaluated with further studies.
Abstract Objective Extant literature indicates that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant poor psychosocial functioning. However, the relationship between functioning and demographic ...and clinical variables is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of functioning such as demographic and clinical variables, social support, self-perceived stigma, and insight in remitted patients with BD. Methods Eighty patients with a diagnosis of BD, complete remission according to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition were included in the final assessment. Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Young Mania Rating Scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight were used. Student t test, Pearson correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were used to assess the pathways effecting on functioning. Results The 3 predictors of functioning were severity of depression, perceived social support, and internalized stigmatization. Severity of depression is considered the strongest predictor, whereas internalized stigmatization has a core role in predicting functioning. Clinical variables such as years of education and number of hospitalization probably have indirect effects on functioning. Conclusion Interventions that oppose stigmatization and consideration of mild depressive symptoms will positively affect functioning in remitted patients with BD.
We aimed to investigate the serum concentrations of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ...and healthy controls.
Serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine concentrations were measured in 118 children (48 children diagnosed with ADHD, 35 children diagnosed with ASD and 35 healthy controls). Symptom severity in the ADHD and ASD groups was evaluated by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and Turgay-DSM-IV-Based Screening and Assessment Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the effects of diagnosis and gender on biochemical parameters.
The ADHD and ASD groups and the healthy controls differed significantly regarding vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations, but not folate levels. Patients with ASD had the lowest vitamin B12 and the highest homocysteine levels. Vitamin B12 levels correlated negatively with hyperactivity and/orimpulsivity and oppositionality symptoms in children with ADHD. There were no relationships between psychometric evaluations and laboratory measurements in children with ASD. Gender did not affect vitamin concentrations.
Previous studies found that vitamin B12 was reduced while homocysteine was elevated among patients with ADHD and ASDs. Our results also support those reported previously. Oppositionality and hyperactivity and/orimpulsivity may be related to vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in children with ADHD. Further studies are required to define the role of these parameters and effects on the etiology and clinical manifestations of ASD and ADHD.
Few studies have investigated potential seasonal changes in anxiety disorders. This study aimed to evaluate whether seasonal changes influence the severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in ...obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The relationship between comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms and the seasons was also investigated. Furthermore, we compared the differences between retrospective data reliant on patients' recall and data obtained by prospective observation.
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist, Beck Anxiety Scale, and Beck Depression Scale were administered to 148 patients with OCD in each of the four seasons over a year. The relationships between the seasons and the scales based on retrospective observations of the patients, and between the seasons and scales based on prospective data collected over the year were analyzed. Scores from clinical assessments were compared between the different seasons.
The severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, did not show seasonal changes. Multi-level growth models suggested that the change in Y-BOCS Total scores across seasons could be explained by subjective symptoms of depression and anxiety and their interactions. Importantly, results obtained using prospective observations from structured clinical assessment differed from those obtained using retrospective observations of patients.
Our study does not support the existence of seasonal variations in symptoms of OCD. Future studies are needed to delineate seasonal variations in OCD symptoms.
Children and adolescents treated with antidepressants (ADs) are at higher risk for developing hypomania and mania compared with adults. It was suggested that AD-induced mania represent a ...predisposition to bipolar disorder (BD) so it may accelerate the course of BD in this risky population. According to the literature, susceptibility to manic conversion with the use of ADs is higher in BD patients treated with tricyclic ADs compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and placebo. Here, we report a six-year-old girl who was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and primary nocturnal enuresis who developed manic symptoms after imipramine treatment. While using tricyclic antidepressants or SSRIs for different indications in the paediatric population, clinicians should be alert for the manic switch or behavioural activation symptoms, which may show a bipolar predisposition.
Anahtar sözcükler: otizm, otizm spektrum bozukluǧu, tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp, tedavi Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders in which genetic ...basis has a genetic basis, environmental factors increase the risk with epigenetic interactions, neuronal connections are affected, and neuroimmunological mechanisms may also play a role (Manoli ve ark. 2021). Complementary and alternative medicine practices commonly used among children with ASD include special diets, nutritional supplements, herbs, probiotics, music therapy, art therapy, massage therapy, craniosacral therapy, chelation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and various spiritual practices. ...in this review, it is aimed to define the concept of CAM, its prevalence, to examine the CAM methods and activities used in ASD, and to review the data on the use of CAM in children with ASD in our country, respectively. The search terms used in the study are as follows: "autism" and "complementary medicine", "alternative medicine", "dietary supplement", "vitamine supplement", "omega 3 fatty acids", "probiotics", "acupuncture", "hyperbaric oxygen therapy", "chelation", "music therapy", "massage therapy", "hippotherapy", "sensory integration".
Background
Language and communication are very important in child social, emotional and cognitive development. Delay in language is usually the first complaint for children diagnosed with autism ...spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental language delay (DLD). This study evaluated language features and emotion regulation skills in children diagnosed with ASD and DLD and their association with maternal depression.
Method
The sample consisted of children aged 24–54 months diagnosed with ASD (n = 31), or with DLD (n = 45), and 52 healthy controls. The Test of Early Language Development (TELD‐3) was used to evaluate language profiles, and the beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to examine maternal depression. Children's emotion regulation skills were evaluated using the emotion regulation checklist.
Results
Children with DLD had a significantly higher developmental age, were linguistically more developed and had better emotion regulation than the ASD group. All domains of language on TELD‐3 except expressive syntax were more developed in DLD. Maternal BDI score did not differ significantly between DLD and ASD. Both of these disorders were not associated with maternal depression.
Conclusion
Children with DLD were less impaired than children with ASD, both in terms of language and in emotion regulation.
This study investigates pragmatic language impairment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion regulation in adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia(DD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2(SRS) and ...Children's Communication Checklist-2(CCC-2) scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DD group than in healthy controls. DD group had lower performance in ToM skills and they have more difficulties in emotion regulation. We also found that CCC-2 and ToM scores were significantly correlated in adolescents with DD. These results may be important in understanding the difficulties experienced in social functioning and interpersonal relationships in adolescents with DD.
Objectives: The Syrian Civil War forced millions into asylum in neighbouring countries. Refugees/asylum seekers have elevated risk for psychopathology with the most important being post-traumatic ...stress disorder (PTSD). Subjective experiences and symptoms of the hosting populations which have also experienced similar traumas have received relatively little attention up to now. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Syrian Civil War in terms of psychopathology, traumatic experiences and PTSD on Turkish primary school students living in Suruç which is on the border with Syria and hosts a large population of asylum seekers.
Methods: Two randomly selected schools operating in the district were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data forms, Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), Children's Post-traumatic Reaction Index (CPRI) were used for evaluations. Data were analysed with SPSS 23.0. P was set at 0.05 (two-tailed).
Results: Most common traumatic experiences via parental report were witnessing explosions (26.9%), witnessing injuries of extended family/relatives (21.8%) and witnessing deaths of acquaintances (17.9%). Lifetime traumatic events and lifetime self-injurious behaviour in children via parental report were 26.9% and 19.9%; respectively. Of 156 students (53.2% male) with a mean age of 8.8 years (S.D. = 1.3), 13.5% obtained externalizing scores, 11.0% obtained internalizing scores and 13.5% obtained total scores in the clinical range of CBCL. 98.7% reported PTSD symptoms in moderate and above severity in CPRI. Most common traumatic experiences reported by children included hearing explosions/gunshots (17.3%), damage to residences (17.3%), and witnessing deaths of extended family/ acquaintances (12.8%). Female gender (p = .00), witnessing loss of family members/acquaintances in Syrian Civil War (p = .01) and clinically significant PTSD symptoms in CPRI.
Conclusion: Children in communities hosting Syrian refugees/asylum seekers may also have elevated symptoms of PTSD and female gender may be a risk factor for those symptoms.
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