The influence of Ti on the behavior of hot ductility was examined in four different Ti-containing micro-alloyed steels with a constant content of Nb. Thermomechanical investigations using a ...dilatometer were carried out to simulate the conditions during casting and cooling in the strand of a continuous caster with temperatures in the range of 650-1100 °C, strain rates of 0.01 s
and 0.001 s
, and reheating rates between 60 and 180 Kmin
. To understand the fracture mechanism, optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), MatCalc "Scheil-Guilliver" calculations, and precipitation kinetics calculations were carried out for the critical conditions, showing low hot ductility between Ar
and Ae
temperatures and a brittle to ductile transition temperature at 900 °C. The existence of TiNb(CN), thin ferrite formation, and grain boundary sliding (GBs) due to limited dynamic recrystallization (DRX) has been documented and discussed. As a result, the reheating rate has no sufficient effect on the ductility. The existence of Nb-rich TiNb(CN) of sizes below ~1 μm triggers brittle fracture by increasing the frequency of micro-voids around grain boundaries. It can be stated that if the conditions in the hot ductility trough are avoided, the addition of Ti and high strain support minimize the risk of crack formation.
Studies have shown that elevated empathic abilities and impaired theory of mind (ToM) tasks may be associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of SAD ...which may cause impairment in various domains of functioning. We aimed to investigate the association of ToM and empathy characteristics in adolescents diagnosed as having SAD. Forty-one drug-naïve adolescents (between 12 and 18 years), who were diagnosed as having SAD without comorbidities were enrolled in the patient group. Forty adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were matched as the healthy control group. The sample was evaluated via the Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version. The severity of the SAD symptoms was evaluated using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. ToM was evaluated with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and emotion recognition was assessed by Faces Test. The KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale was used to assess empathic abilities. The average age was 14.36 ± 1.41 years in the SAD group and 14.30 ± 1.04 years in the control group. Twenty-eight adolescents were female in the SAD and control groups. SAD and healthy controls did not differ in terms of sociodemographic data. There were higher scores in the KA-SI cognitive and affective empathic subscales (
p
< .001 in all scales) in the SAD group compared with the healthy controls. Adolescents with SAD have more difficulties both in Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Faces Test. The results of this study may indicate that although adolescents with SAD may be impaired in decoding aspects of ToM they may evaluate themselves as more empathic in self-report tests. The discrepancy between objective tests of ToM decoding and subjective reports of empathy may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of SAD in adolescents.
Background: We aimed to examine the long-term effects of atomoxetine on height, weight, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
...Methods: Participants (6-18 years, 146 boys, 52 girls) with ADHD who used atomoxetine for at least 1 year were included in a retrospective study. Weight, height, and BMI z scores were converted to age- and gender- corrected z scores at baseline and last follow-up.
Results: Atomoxetine treatment was associated with a notional reduction in height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS). There were no differences in BMI-SDS before and after atomoxetine treatment. Results of multiple linear regression analysis assess the possible contribution of the different treatment-related factors, age starting treatment, and duration of treatment predicted final height. And also, only the duration of treatment predicted final weight, not final height and BMI.
Conclusions: We conclude that atomoxetine shows a negative effect on height and weight in children. This study demonstrated that these findings obtained at the end of the study might be helpful in assessing the growth parameters that may facilitate the course of the ADHD.
Objective: The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of psychostimulants (methylphenidate) treatment on growth still remain controversial. We examined the long term effects of ...methylphenidate on height, weight and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants (6-18 years, 330 boys, 103 girls) diagnosed with ADHD who received treatment with methyl-phenidate for at least 1 year at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Dokuz Eylül University Medical School were included in a retrospective study. Weight, height, and BMI z scores were converted to age- and gender- corrected z scores using norms from the Turkish population at baseline and last follow-up. Results: Height and weight standard deviation score (SDS) were reduced by treatment (baseline height-SDS SDS: 0.74±1.43, follow-up height-SDS SDS: -0.67±4.35, t-test p<0.001; baseline weight SDS SDS: 0.61±1.28, and follow-up weight-SDS SDS: -0.41±0.76, t-test p<0.001). There were no differences in BMI-SDS before and after stimulant treatment (baseline BMI-SDS SDS: 0.27±1.21, follow-up BMI-SDS SDS: -0.20±4.54, t-test p=0.353). However, considering whether patients were children (6-12 years) or adolescents (13-18 years) when they started medication, in the group of children, height and BMI was affected by treatment (baseline height-SDS SDS: 0.87±1.42; follow-up height-SDS SDS: -0.78±4.81; p=0.002; baseline BMI-SDS SDS: 0.29±1.19; follow-up BMI-SDS SDS: -0.21±0.69; p<0.001). Results of multiple linear regression analysis which assess the possible contribution of the different treatment-related factors, only age starting treatment (B=-0.039, p=0.011) predicted ï¬nal weight. Conclusions: We conclude that methylphenidate shows a negative effect on height and BMI in children. It was thought that the findings obtained at the end of the study might be helpful in assessing the growth parameters that may facilitate the course of the ADHD, and in the improvement of more efficient and permanent treatment approaches, and the adherence of patients to the treatment.
Purpose
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent and persistent overeating episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. The aim was to evaluate regional gray matter volume ...(GMV) abnormalities and appetite-regulating hormone levels (NPY and Leptin) in obese subjects either with or without BED compared to healthy controls (HC).
Methods
Twenty-six obese patients with BED, 25 obese patients without BED and 27 healthy subjects as an age-matched control group with neuroimaging and appetite-regulating hormone levels were found eligible for regional GMV abnormalities. A structural magnetic resonance scan and timely blood samples were drawn to assess the appetite-regulating hormone levels.
Results
The BED obese patients had a greater GMVs of the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the left medial OFC compared to the non-BED obese patients. BED patients were characterized by greater GMV of the left medial OFC than HCs. Relative to the HCs, higher serum NPY levels were found in BED obese and non-BED obese groups. Serum leptin levels (pg/mL) had positively correlations with GMV in right medial OFC, left medial OFC, right lateral OFC, and left anterior cingulate cortex.
Conclusion
Among the reward processing network, which is largely associated with feeding behaviours in individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, the OFC volumes was correlated with serum leptin concentrations. The results of our study may provide a rationale for exploring the link between regional grey matter volumes and appetite-related hormone levels in people with BED.
Level of evidence
Level III, case–control analytic study.
Objectives
We aimed to investigate the characteristics of adolescents with Bipolar disorder-I with irritability and agitation (Mania+IA) compared to those without irritability and agitation ...(Mania-IA) in a multi-center representative sample.
Methods
Data of 145 patients from three tertiary-care inpatient units between 2016 and 2021 were obtained. Psychomotor agitation was defined as a score of ≥3 on the YMRS “Increased Motor Activity––Energy” item, irritability as a score of ≥4 on the YMRS ‘irritability’ item, and severity anchors of speech and thought disturbance on the YMRS ‘6 and 7’ items.
Results
Previous manic episodes (p = 0.013), involuntary hospitalization (p = 0.006), psychotic features (p = 0.001), formal thought disorder (p = 0.010) and aggressive/disruptive behavior (p = 0.021) were more frequent in the Mania+IA group. Conversely, depressive episodes (p = 0.006) and family history of depression (p = 0.024) were more frequent in the Mania-IA group. The Mania+IA had poorer functioning at the time of discharge.
Conclusions
Irritability and agitation were closely related to complications, psychotic symptoms and thought disorder. Assessment and monitoring of psychomotor agitation and irritability may help child and adolescent psychiatrists to predict clinical difficulties and appropriate interventions.
Cortical thickness (CT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were widely investigated in bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies focused on the association between the volume of subcortical ...regions and neurotrophic factor levels.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of the CT in youth with early-onset BD with BDNF levels as a potential peripheral marker of neuronal integrity.
Twenty-three euthymic patients having a clinical diagnosis of BD and 17 healthy subjects as an age-matched control group with neuroimaging and blood BDNF levels were found eligible for CT measurement. A structural magnetic resonance scan (MRI) and timely blood samples were drawn.
Youth with BD exhibited lower cortical thickness in caudal part of left (L) middle frontal gyrus, right (R) paracentral gyrus, triangular part of R inferior frontal gyrus, R pericalcarine region, R precentral gyrus, L precentral gyrus, R superior frontal gyrus and L superior frontal gyrus when compared to healthy controls. The effect sizes of these differences were moderate to large (d=0.67-0.98) There was a significant correlation between BDNF levels with caudal part of the R anterior cingulate gyrus (CPRACG) in adolescents with BD (r=0.49, p=0.023).
As a special region for mood regulation, the CT of the caudal part of the R anterior cingulate gyrus had a positive correlation with BDNF. Regarding the key role of CPRACG for affective regulation skills, our results should be replicated in future follow-up studies, investigating a predictive neuroimaging biomarker for the early-onset BD.
C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) are recently described members of the adipokine family. CTRP-13, a new member of this family, has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and had ...an anorexigenic effect on food intake in experimental studies. The aim was to investigate serum CTRP-13 levels in children with obesity, and its relationship with other adipokines, metabolic parameters, or binge eating disorder (BED).
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 105 pubertal children attending a single center. Clinical (metabolic syndrome, BED) and biochemical (glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, adiponectin, CTRP-13 levels) parameters were assessed.
Sixty children with obesity 24 males (40%); median age 14.7 (13.0-16.4) years and 45 healthy controls 15 males (33.3%); median age 15.2 (14.1-16.5) years were included. Serum adiponectin and CTRP-13 levels were significantly lower in children with obesity than controls (7.1 vs 20.1 μg/mL, p<0.001; 64.7 vs 103.8 ng/mL, p<0.001, respectively). CTRP-13 levels correlated negatively with body mass index (Spearman rho=-0.230, p=0.018) and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (Spearman rho=0.218, p=0.026). There was no significant difference in serum CTRP-13 concentrations in terms of the presence of metabolic syndrome or BED.
Childhood obesity seems to be causing dysregulation in adipokine production and function, including the down-regulation of CTRP-13. The positive correlation between CTRP-13 and HDL-C levels suggested a possible effect of this adipokine on lipid metabolism. Thus CTRP-13 may be a novel biomarker for dyslipidemia in childhood obesity.
Background
Exposure to violence is associated with psychological distress, mental disorders such as depression, and suicidal behaviour. Most of the studies are conducted in the West, with limited ...publications from Asia. Thus, we conducted a scoping review of studies investigating the association between experiences of violence and later suicidal ideation/attempts from Asia in the twenty-first century.
Results
Many studies focused on domestic violence toward women in the Southeast Asian region. Sociocultural factors such as family disputes, public shaming, dowry, lack of education opportunities, and marriage life perceptions mediated the association. Many women exposed to violence and attempted suicide suffered from mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. The small number of suitable studies and the possible effect of confounders on participants were limitations in the review. Future studies would have to focus on specific types of violence and ethnoreligious beliefs.
Conclusion
Women in Asia exposed to violence appear to have an increased risk of suicidal behaviour and mental disorders. The early screening of psychological distress with culturally validated tools is essential for preventing suicides in Asian victims of violence.
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