To investigate the effect of ozone and/or taurine treatment comparatively on testicular damage due to ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental torsion model in rats.
Adult Wistar rats ...with and without torsion/detorsion were used. In order to monitor the effect of ozone and/or taurine treatment on testicular damage due to I/R injury, following histopathological investigation apoptotic indexes were scored by TUNEL method. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), caspase 3, caspase 8, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and cytochrome C immunostainings were performed and the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total sulfhydryl, and nitric oxide were determined in the testicular tissue.
Intraperitoneal ozone and/or taurine treatment prevented both histopathological damage and increase in the apoptotic index. Torsion did not exert an effect on the levels of TNFα and cytochrome C. Ozone and/or taurine treatment prevented increases in TNFR1, caspase 3, and caspase 8. The level of oxidative stress markers was unchanged. The increases in NO level and eNOS expression were prevented by ozone and/or taurine treatment in I/R groups.
Using ozone therapy and/or taurine before reperfusion may be a solution for germ cell degeneration resulting from testicular torsion and related infertility.
The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts following induction of chronic toxoplasmosis in 4-week-old lambs (n=27) by ...inoculation of 1×105T. gondii ME 49 strain oocysts (day 0). Beginning at the 15th day after inoculation, lambs in Group T20 and Group T40 were given toltrazuril orally 2 times, once every week (Baycox 5%, Bayer Animal Health) at a dose of 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg, respectively. Positive control (PC) lambs were not given any therapy, and 2 clinically healthy non-infected lambs were used as negative controls (Group NC). Two out of 9 lambs in PC group (oocyst inoculated but non-treated) were killed on toltrazuril treatment days (day 15 and 22) to evaluate the tissue cyst presence in their muscles. On day 90, the remaining 25 lambs were necropsied, and samples from the brain and 11 different muscle groups were collected. The tissues were examined for the presence of tissue cysts by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, nested-PCR and percoll gradient centrifugation. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were screened by IFAT throughout the experiment. The increased T. gondii seropositivity beginning from the 15th day of inoculation remained steady at Day 45 and Day 90 in Groups PC while it was significantly lower at Day 90 in toltrazuril receiving groups. In toltrazuril treated groups, histopathological findings included degenerative changes in the cyst wall, complete macrophage invasion to the cysts, and reduction or removal of the cysts in toto. Four out of 9 lambs (44.4%) in both toltrazuril treated group (Group T20 and T40) did not contain tissue cyst in any examined tissues while all positive control animals had T. gondii tissue cysts at least in one muscle group. The toltrazuril treatment efficacy on the cyst presence was determined as 44.4%. The number of the cysts in the musculature was significantly different between non-treated and toltrazuril treated lambs (X2=6.613; p=0.037). For the total number of cysts, the positive control lambs had higher number of cysts compared to both toltrazuril treated lambs (T20 and T40) (X2=5.629; p=0.018 and X2=5.629; p=0.018, respectively) while there were no differences between Group T20 and Group T40 (X2=0.000; p=1.000). According to PCR results, the brain and M. semitendinosus were positive in all 7 control lambs while 12 out of 18 lambs were positive in toltrazuril treated lambs. In conclusion, the results are promising as the toltrazuril treated lambs had markedly less parasite counts compared to those of untreated lambs. Further research should be conducted to reveal if toltrazuril treatment in sheep could be used as a strategy to minimize the cyst exposure of humans through consumption of raw or undercooked mutton.
This report describes a case of fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in a 2.5-year-old mixed breed pregnant cat and its kittens. The pregnant cat was presented to the gynecology clinic with symptoms of ...dystocia. The ultrasound examination revealed the presence of five fetuses in the uterus, three of which were not alive, and consequently a cesarean section was performed. However, the mother cat and the remaining two live kittens died two and ten days after cesarean section, respectively. Pathologically, severe alveolar edema, tachyzoite-like structures in the alveolar macrophages and multifocal necroses in the lungs of mother cat were observed. An intense Toxoplasma gondii immunopositive reaction was observed in the cytoplasms of alveolar macrophages, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia, necrotic foci in the lungs, and Kupffer cells of the liver. PCR analyses amplified T. gondii DNA in tissue samples of the mother cat and kittens. The present study provides strong evidence for a transplacental transmission of T. gondii infection with deadly outcome for the mother cat, fetuses and kittens. As to the authors' knowledge, this report is the first case of fatal congenital toxoplasmosis in domestic cats in Turkey.
Objective: In this study, it is aimed to constitute a chronic toxoplasmosis model using toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) ME49 strain that is supposed to produce tissue cysts, to compare healthy and ...infected mice in terms of behavioral changes. In addition, the relationship between behavioral changes and brain lesions was questioned. Method: Before experimental application, out of a total of twenty-one 2-month- old Swiss albino mice, T. gondiantibody-free, 14 were infected by intraperitoneal (IP) (n=8) or oral (n=6) inoculation of 2x102 Toxoplasma gondii ME49 oocysts. Four months later, fear- and anxiety-related behavioral changes in infected and healthy control groups were comparatively evaluated with plus-maze test. At the end of the experiment (45 day after inoculation), euthanasia was carried out on all mice and their brains were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for the presence of T.gondii tissue cysts. Results: Infected mice had low levels of anxiety, they have enteredthe open arms more frequently and have spent more time in the open arms of the maze compared to controls. Pathologically, in the infected group, high rates of gliosis, perivascular cell infiltration, meningitis, and neuron necrosis were observed especially in the parietal and temporal lobes, cornu ammonis, amygdala, and thalamus compared to the other parts of the brain. A higher number of tissue cyst formations were positively correlated with the lesion severity in these parts of the brain. Conclusion: It can be suggested that, tissue cysts and neuropathological changes in chronically infected mice brains have direct concern with behavioral manipulation which results from low anxiety levels. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2012; 49:139-144) Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, mice, tissue cyst, behavior Amac: Bu calismada; kist olusturan T. gondii ME 49 susu ile enfekte farelerde olusan anksiyete ile iliskili davranis degisiklikleri ve beyin lezyonlariyla iliskisinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Yontem: Uygulama oncesi serumlarinda anti-T. gondii antikorlarinin olmadigi gosterilen 2 aylik 21 adet erkek Swiss albino fareden deney grubundaki 14'une; intraperitoneal (IP) (n=8) ve oral (n=6) yollarla 2x102 Toxoplasma gondii ME49 ookisti verildikten 4 hafta sonra, anksiyete veya korku ile iliskili davranislari T. gondii ile enfekte fareler ile kontrol grubu saglikli farelerde karsilastirmali olarak degerlendirildi. Deney bitiminde (inokulasyon sonrasi 45'inci gun) farelere otenazi yapilarak, beyinleri histopatolojik olarak ve T. gondiidoku kisti antijeni yonunden immunoperoksidaz test ile incelendi. Bulgular: T. gondii ile enfekte farelerin daha dusuk duzeyde anksiyeteye sahip olduklarini, enfekte olmayan kontrol grubundaki farelere gore daha yuksek oran ve sureyle acik kolu tercih ettiklerini ortaya koydu. Patolojik olarak; enfekte grupta ozellikle parietal ve temporal loblar, kornu ammonis, amigdala, talamus ve cevresinde, beynin diger bolumlerine oranla daha yuksek derecede gliozis, perivaskuler hucre infiltrasyonu, meningitis ve noron nekrozlari gozlendi. Beyinde T. gondii doku kisti yerlesimi de anilan lezyon siddeti ile dogru orantili olarak diger alanlara oranla daha yuksek sayidaydi. Sonuc: Kronik toksoplazmozlu farelerin beyinlerinde sekillenen T.gondiidoku kistleri ve noropatolojik degisikliklerin dogrudan anksiyetenin azaltilmasina yonelik davranis manipulasyonu ile iliskili oldugu one surulebilir. (Noropsikiyatri Arsivi 2012; 49:139-144) Anahtar kelim eler: Toxoplasma gondii, fare, doku kisti, davranis
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