Presently alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the most widely used vegetarian LC3PUFA, but only marginal amounts are converted into eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); both of which are ...strongly related to human health. Currently, fish oils represent the most prominent dietary sources of EPA and DHA; however, these are unsuitable for vegetarians. Alternative sources include flaxseed, echium, walnut, and algal oil but their conversion to EPA and DHA must be considered. The present systematic review sets out to collate information from intervention studies examining the bioavailability of alternative vegetarian long chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC3PUFA) sources. Ten key papers published over the last 10 years were identified with seven intervention studies reporting that ALA from nut and seed oils was not converted to DHA at all. Three studies showed that ingestion of micro-algae oil led to significant increases in blood erythrocyte and plasma DHA. Further work is now needed to identify optimal doses of alternative vegetarian LC3PUFAs and how these can be integrated within daily diets. The potential role of algal oils appears to be particularly promising and an area in which further research is warranted.
Three highly rigid and planar low‐bandgap conjugated polymers comprising alternate isoindigo and dithienocarbazole groups are synthesized for the fabrication of high performance polymer solar cells. ...Power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.2% for conventional devices and 8.2% for inverted devices are demonstrated.
Taking the external corner with equal lengths as the research object, two failure modes of the equilateral external corner are established, and the active earth pressure calculation formula of the ...equilateral external corner in the limit state is further deduced when the external angle is 90°. The comparison between the theoretical calculation results and Midas/GTS simulation results shows that when the ratio of the side length B to the depth H is large, the sliding wedge failure will occur at the external corner, and the active earth pressure of the external corner in the range of wedge-shaped slider will not change with the change of size B. When the ratio of the side length B to the depth H is small, the displaced soil is composed of two parts, and the earth pressure varies with the change of size B. In this paper, the magnitude and distribution law of the active earth pressure obtained by the horizontal micro-layered limit equilibrium analysis method is similar to the three-dimensional simulation value of the Midas/GTS software, which can prove the feasibility and rationality of the theoretical calculation.
The antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3) bilayer thin films were fabricated on a Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using sol‐gel method. PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 layer acts as a buffered ...layer and template for the crystallization of PbZrO3 layer. The PbZrO3 layer with improved quality can share the external voltage due to its smaller dielectric constant and thinner thickness, resulting in the enhancements of electric field strength and energy storage density for the PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer thin film. The greatly improved electric breakdown strength value of 2615 kV/cm has been obtained, which is more than twice the value of individual PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film. The enhanced energy storage density of 28.2 J/cm3 at 2410 kV/cm has been achieved in PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer film at 20°C, which is higher than that of individual PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film (15.6 J/cm3). Meanwhile, the energy storage density and efficiency of PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer film increase slightly with the increasing temperature from 20°C to 120°C. Our results indicate that the design of antiferroelectric/ferroelectric bilayer films may be an effective way for developing high power energy storage density capacitors with high‐temperature stability.
With the increase of the capacity of a fully air-cooled hydro-generator, the electromagnetic and thermal designs of such machine face more and more pressure. To ensure the reliability of a large ...hydro-generator, the thermal issue in rotor should be emphasized. In this paper, the temperature distribution in exciting windings and the fluid flowing between rotor poles are highlighted and investigated. Taking a 250 MW fully air-cooled large hydro-generator as an example, a three-dimensional solid-fluid heat transfer coupling model of the fluid and temperature was established, which includes half-axial rotors, two poles in circumferential direction, and the yoke with four radial ventilation ducts. Via investigating on the loss distribution and the heat transfer condition in the rotor, the fluid and temperature fields of half-axial rotors are calculated by using the conjugated heat transfer method. The obtained results are verified by the measured values. The influences of the velocity and temperature of fluid on its effectiveness of cooling excitation windings, and the relationship between the fluid flow velocity and the heat transferred from outer surface of rotor windings are investigated as well. Similarly, the variations of fluid temperature distribution, the flowing velocity, and the heat transfer coefficient distribution in rotors with two or three ventilation ducts are investigated. The effects of the corresponding velocity and temperature of fluid on temperature distribution within both the windward and leeward side excitation windings are also studied.
High-speed permanent-magnet generators (HSPMGs) are common and important power generation equipment used in distributed generation systems. A 100-kW-level HSPMG is investigated in this paper, and its ...cooling system is optimized through electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis. First, the 2-D electromagnetic field of the machine is calculated by using the time-stepping finite element method, and the electromagnetic performance and loss distributions (heat sources) are determined, particularly the eddy loss of the rotor sleeve. Then, a thermal analysis model of the fluid for the HSPMG is established. Through numerical calculating, the whole region 3-D temperature distribution in the HSPMG is obtained, in which the influence of temperature on material properties is considered. Considering the variations of heat transfer abilities of the cooling medium, the temperatures in machines with different cooling structures are comparatively analyzed, and new cooling grooves with variable cross sections are proposed, which make the temperatures in the machine lower and more evenly distributed. The obtained conclusions may provide useful reference for the optimal design and research of HSPMGs.
Doxorubicin is effective in a variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, clinical application of doxorubicin is limited due to a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. ...Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) is a natural product from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with multiple anti-tumor activity and anti-inflammation effects. However, its anti-doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) effect, either in vivo or in vitro, has not been elucidated yet. This study aims to explore the anti-inflammation effects of DHT against DIC, and to elucidate the potential regulatory mechanism.
Effects of DHT on DIC were assessed in zebrafish, C57BL/6 mice and H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography, histological examination, flow cytometry, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence were utilized to evaluate cardio-protective effects and anti-inflammation effects. mTOR agonist and lentivirus vector carrying GFP-TFEB were applied to explore the regulatory signaling pathway.
DHT improved cardiac function via inhibiting the activation of M1 macrophages and the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines both in vivo and in vitro. The activation and nuclear localization of NF-κB were suppressed by DHT, and the effect was abolished by mTOR agonist with concomitant reduced expression of nuclear TFEB. Furthermore, reduced expression of nuclear TFEB is accompanied by up-regulated phosphorylation of IKKα/β and NF-κB, while TFEB overexpression reversed these changes. Intriguingly, DHT could upregulate nuclear expression of TFEB and reduce expressions of p-IKKα/β and p-NF-κB.
Our results demonstrated that DHT can be applied as a novel cardioprotective compound in the anti-inflammation management of DIC via mTOR-TFEB-NF-κB signaling pathway. The current study implicates TFEB-IKK-NF-κB signaling axis as a previously undescribed, druggable pathway for DIC.
Aim: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the gold standard for the treatment of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in acute ischemic stroke. However, it remains controversial whether emergency ...angioplasty or stenting in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) should be adopted. Thus, we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data to determine whether emergency angioplasty or stenting is necessary. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients undergoing MT with ICAS-related LVO of the acute anterior circulation between 2017 and 2019. Eligible patients were divided into two treatment groups: those who received rescue angioplasty or stenting Patients treated with rescue angioplasty or stenting (PTAS) group and those who received thrombectomy alone (non-PTAS group). The primary outcomes were good prognosis at 90 days (mRS: 0–2). Mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and reocclusion rate were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 184 patients with severe stenosis after MT were enrolled, including 64 patients receiving rescue angioplasty or stenting and 120 patients without rescue angioplasty or stenting. Compared with the non-PTAS group, a better functional outcome (mRS0-2) (51.6% vs. 35.0%, adjusted odds ratio: 2.11, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.22–4.29; P=0.02), lower 7-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 6 (3–12.75) vs. 10 (4–16); P=0.04, lower 24-h neurological deterioration rate (7.8% vs. 21.7%, P=0.02), and lower 24-h reocclusion rate were observed in the PTAS group (6.3% vs. 17.5%, P=0.03). There were no significant differences in mortality or incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: Emergency angioplasty or stenting could be a safe and feasible therapeutic option with better outcomes for stroke patients with ICAS-related LVO.
Boron (B)- and sulfur (S)-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are developed as a novel kind of multiple resonance emitters for ultrapure blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) ...polymers with narrowband electroluminescence. The combination of electron-deficient B atom and electron-rich S atom in PAH can form an intramolecular push-pull electronic system in a rigid aromatic framework, leading to reduced singlet-triplet energy splitting and limited structure relaxation of excited states. The critical roles of S atom in determining emission properties with respect to the oxygen analogues are in two aspects: (i) reducing energy bandgap to shift emission from human-eye-insensitive ultraviolet zone to blue region, and (ii) promoting reverse intersystem crossing process by heavy-atom effect to activate TADF effect. The resulting polymer containing B,S-doped PAH as emitter and acridan as host exhibits efficient blue electroluminescence at 458 nm with small full-width at half-maximum of 31 nm, representing the first example for ultrapure TADF polymer with narrowband electroluminescence.
In this paper, a superhigh-speed permanent-magnet generator (SHSPMG) which has an alloy sleeve on the rotor outer surface is investigated. The purpose of the sleeve is to fix the permanent magnets ...and protect them from being destroyed by the large centrifugal force. However, the sleeve material characteristics have much influence on the superhigh-speed machine, and therewith, most of rotor eddy-current losses are generated in the alloy rotor sleeve, which could increase the device temperature. Taking a 117-kW 60 000-r/min SHSPMG as an example, the influence of the sleeve on the generator output performance is analyzed when the generator sleeve is made of stainless steel, carbon fiber, copper-iron alloy, and copper. In addition, the eddy-current loss distributions could be gotten, and therewith, the variations of the eddy-current losses in different kinds of sleeves are analyzed. Based on the 3-D coupling field between the fluid and temperature, the temperature distributions were obtained when the sleeve adopts different materials. Moreover, the temperature variations of the permanent magnets are further analyzed. The obtained conclusions may provide some references for the design and analyses of the SHSPMG.