La Technologie générale Baudry, Jérôme; Beckmann, Johann; Bret, Patrice ...
Presses universitaires de Rennes eBooks,
2017
eBook, Book
Open access
La technologie désigne bien souvent les « nouvelles technologies » et les « technosciences » qui réduisent la technique aux applications de la science. Pourtant, au xixe siècle, la technologie revêt ...un autre sens, celui d’une science de la technique, c’est-à-dire d’une science des arts et des intentions fabricatrices. Le caméralisme a joué un rôle fondamental dans l’édification de cette discipline dont l’un des textes fondateurs est l’Entwurf der algemeinen Technologie de Johann Beckmann (1806). Dans cet essai, Beckmann propose une science nouvelle, la technologie générale, qui classe les activités humaines par opérations. Maintes fois cité et jamais traduit, il fallait rendre disponible en français ce texte essentiel, qui a ouvert la voie à une compréhension générale de l’action et à la philosophie des techniques. Tous ceux qui s’intéressent aux savoirs de l’action trouveront chez Beckmann la tentative la plus aboutie de formalisation du geste comme unité fondamentale de l’activité humaine. Pour la première fois, l’Entwurf der algemeinen Technologie a fait l’objet d’une traduction menée par le regretté Joost Mertens, avec la collaboration de Guillaume Carnino et de Jochen Hoock. À l’occasion de cette publication et afin d’approfondir la réflexion sur le creuset européen de la technologie, une analyse est proposée au fil d’articles qui accompagnent la traduction. L’enjeu est d’une part d’étudier un milieu savant à travers sa formation, ses activités, ses techniques intellectuelles et d’autre part, d’interroger les résonances de la technologie.
Money is more than just a medium of financial exchange: across time and place, it has performed all sorts of cultural, political, and social functions. This volume traces money in German-speaking ...Europe from the late Renaissance until the close of the twentieth century, exploring how people have used it and endowed it with multiple meanings. The fascinating studies gathered here collectively demonstrate money's vast symbolic and practical significance, from its place in debates about religion and the natural world to its central role in statecraft and the formation of national identity.
Money is more than just a medium of financial exchange: across time and place, it has performed all sorts of cultural, political, and social functions. This volume traces money in German-speaking ...Europe from the late Renaissance until the close of the twentieth century, exploring how people have used it and endowed it with multiple meanings. The fascinating studies gathered here collectively demonstrate money's vast symbolic and practical significance, from its place in debates about religion and the natural world to its central role in statecraft and the formation of national identity.
The Wikipedia entry for Johann Beckmann includes the following language: “in 1766 he was appointed extraordinary professor of philosophy at Göttingen. There he lectured on political and domestic ...economy, and in 1768 he founded a botanic garden on the principles of Linnaeus. Such was his success that in 1770 he was appointed ordinary professor”. I am not a Wikipedia basher. I generally find it pretty reliable. But that’s not the case here; almost everything in this account is either wrong or...
Enlightenment and Secularism is a collection of twenty eight essays that seek to understand the connection between the European Enlightenment and the emergence of secular societies, as well as the ...character or nature of those societies. The contributors are drawn from a variety of disciplines including History, Sociology, Political Science, and Literature. Most of the essays focus on a single text from the Enlightenment, borrowing or secularizing the format of a sermon on a text, and are designed to be of particular use to those teaching and studying the history of the Enlightenment within a liberal arts curriculum.
Bankrupts were among the first inmates at Celle's Zuchthaus. In 1720, before construction of the building was even completed, a certain Ballauf was confined there because of his "dissolute ...lifestyle." Ballauf, who came to Celle from Hildesheim, had squandered his inheritance. One of his siblings then paid to have him confined in the Zuchthaus, because "otherwise my miserable brother would become too expensive for me." There was nothing especially novel about Celle's practice of admitting the dissipated members of wealthy families; the famous prison-workhouse in Amsterdam had long accepted such "bad seeds," promising to improve them through a regimen of work and discipline. In Celle, however, the motivation for taking such inmates appears to have been somewhat different, for here there was no claim about "improving" the degenerate offspring of the wealthy-bankrupts and debauched women among them. Celle's Zuchthaus simply promised to confine them indefinitely in return for regular payment. Like the nearby University of Göttingen, which opened its doors around the same time, Celle's prison-workhouse gladly accepted paying customers from wealthy families. They offered the best hope for surplus revenue.
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