Chronic wounds are a major healthcare issue and can adversely affect the lives of millions of patients around the world. The current wound management strategies have limited clinical efficacy due to ...labor‐intensive lab analysis requirements, need for clinicians’ experiences, long‐term and frequent interventions, limiting therapeutic efficiency and applicability. The growing field of flexible bioelectronics enables a great potential for personalized wound care owing to its advantages such as wearability, low‐cost, and rapid and simple application. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable bioelectronics for monitoring and management of chronic wounds are comprehensively reviewed. First, the design principles and the key features of bioelectronics that can adapt to the unique wound milieu features are introduced. Next, the current state of wound biosensors and on‐demand therapeutic systems are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, the design criteria of the integrated closed loop devices are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges in wearable bioelectronics for wound care are discussed.
Recent advances in wearable bioelectronics and advanced data analysis tools have created new paradigms of applications for personalized wound care. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the advancement of device designs with a focus on wound condition monitoring, controllable therapy, and integrated system development. The emergent opportunities and perspectives on future wearable bioelectronics for wound care are also proposed.
Growth factors (GFs) play a crucial role in directing stem cell behavior and transmitting information between different cell populations for tissue regeneration. However, their utility as ...therapeutics is limited by their short half‐life within the physiological microenvironment and significant side effects caused by off‐target effects or improper dosage. “Smart” materials that can not only sustain therapeutic delivery over a treatment period but also facilitate on‐demand release upon activation are attracting significant interest in the field of GF delivery for tissue engineering. Three properties are essential in engineering these “smart” materials: 1) the cargo vehicle protects the encapsulated therapeutic; 2) release is targeted to the site of injury; 3) cargo release can be modulated by disease‐specific stimuli. The aim of this review is to summarize the current research on stimuli‐responsive materials as intelligent vehicles for controlled GF delivery; Five main subfields of tissue engineering are discussed: skin, bone and cartilage, muscle, blood vessel, and nerve. Challenges in achieving such “smart” materials and perspectives on future applications of stimuli‐responsive GF delivery for tissue regeneration are also discussed.
“Smart” materials that can achieve on demand release of therapeutics in response to biological stimuli on the disease sites attract growing interest in the field of tissue engineering. This review focuses on summarizing recent advances in stimuli‐responsive growth factor release strategies for tissue regeneration with improved efficacy and mitigated side effect.
This study attempts to obtain and test the bioactivities of leaf extracts from a medicinal plant,
(GW), when conjugated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The integrity of leaf ...extract-conjugated ZnONPs (GW-ZnONPs) was confirmed using various techniques, including Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectra (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The size of ZnONPs was approximately 18 nm, which was determined by TEM analysis. Additionally, the energy-dispersive spectra (EDS) revealed that NPs have zinc in its pure form. Bioactivities of GW-ZnONPs including antimicrobial potentials, cytotoxicity, antioxidative capacities, inhibition potentials against α-amylase, and protein kinases, as well as biocompatibility were intensively tested and confirmed. Altogether, the results revealed that GW-ZnONPs are non-toxic, biocompatible, and have considerable potential in biological applications.
Radioactive iodine-capturing materials are urgently needed for the emerging challenges in nuclear waste disposal. The various pore structures of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) render them ...promising candidates for efficient iodine adsorption. However, the detailed structure-property relationship of COFs in iodine adsorption remains elusive. Herein, two polymorphic COFs with significantly different crystalline structures are obtained based on the same building blocks with varied molecular ratios. The two COFs both have high crystallinity, high specific surface area, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Compared with the C
+C
topology (PyT-2) with an AA stacking form, the C
+C
topology (PyT-1) with an AB stacking form has more twisted pore channels and complex ink-bottle pores. At ambient conditions, PyT-1 and PyT-2 both exhibit good adsorption properties for iodine capture either in a gaseous or liquid medium. Remarkably, PyT-1 presents an excellent maximum adsorption capacity (0.635 g g
), and the adsorption limit of PyT-2 is 0.445 g g
in an
-hexane solution with an iodine concentration of 400 mg L
, which is highly comparable to the state-of-the-art iodine absorption performance. This study provides a guide for the future molecular design strategy toward novel iodine adsorbents.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an important nonmotor feature of PD. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) ...is a synthetic compound isolated from
seeds. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of NBP on olfaction in rotenone-induced Parkinson's rats to explore the mechanism and pathway of OD in PD.
The PD model was established using rotenone-induced SD rats, divided into blank control, model, and treatment groups. A sham group was also established, with 10 rats in each group. The treatment group was given NBP (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, dissolved in soybean oil) intragastrically for 28 days. Meanwhile, the control group rats were given intra-gastrically soybean oil. After behavioral testing, all rats were executed, and brain tissue was obtained. Proteomics and Proteomic quantification techniques (prm) quantification were used to detect proteomic changes in rat brain tissues.
Compared with the control group, the model group showed significant differences in behavioral tests, and this difference was reduced after treatment. Proteomics results showed that after treatment with high-dose NBP, there were 42 differentially expressed proteins compared with the model group. Additionally, the olfactory marker (P08523) showed a significant upregulation difference. We then selected 22 target proteins for PRM quantification and quantified 17 of them. Among them, the olfactory marker protein was at least twofold upregulated in the RTH group compared to the model group.
Immunotherapy is a class of promising anticancer treatments that has recently gained attention due to surging numbers of FDA approvals and extensive preclinical studies demonstrating efficacy. ...Nevertheless, further clinical implementation has been limited by high variability in patient response to different immunotherapeutic agents. These treatments currently do not have reliable predictors of efficacy and may lead to side effects. The future development of additional immunotherapy options and the prediction of patient‐specific response to treatment require advanced screening platforms associated with accurate and rapid data interpretation. Advanced engineering approaches ranging from sequencing and gene editing, to tumor organoids engineering, bioprinted tissues, and organs‐on‐a‐chip systems facilitate the screening of cancer immunotherapies by recreating the intrinsic and extrinsic features of a tumor and its microenvironment. High‐throughput platform development and progress in artificial intelligence can also improve the efficiency and accuracy of screening methods. Here, these engineering approaches in screening cancer immunotherapies are highlighted, and a discussion of the future perspectives and challenges associated with these emerging fields to further advance the clinical use of state‐of‐the‐art cancer immunotherapies are provided.
Advanced engineering approaches and progress in artificial intelligence can contribute to the development of cancer immunotherapy by uncovering alternative treatment targets and identifying hallmarks of treatment response, efficacy, and side effects. Screening approaches, including sequencing, gene editing, tumor organoids engineering, bioprinting, and organs‐on‐a‐chip, combined with high‐throughput screening and artificial intelligence are promising in accelerating broader application of cancer immunotherapy for a larger population.
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a fungus parasitic on lepidopteran larvae which is often used to treat lung diseases and regulate immune function.
This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CS in the ...adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.
As of June 2022, the electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and China Science Journal Database (VIP database). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of CS as an adjuvant treatment for lung cancer were included. After the quality evaluation, meta-analysis was performed with Stata 16.0 software.
A total of 12 RCTs with 928 patients were identified for this meta-analysis, which showed that as an adjuvant treatment, CS has the following advantages in the treatment of lung cancer: (1) Improved tumor response rate (TRR) (RR: 1.17， 95%CI: 1.05–1.29，P = 0.00); (2) improved immune function, including increased CD4 (MD: 4.98, 95%CI: 1.49–8.47, P = 0.01), CD8 (MD: 1.60, 95%CI: 0.40–2.81, P = 0.01, I2 = 0.00%), NK (MD: 4.17, 95%CI: 2.26–6.08, P = 0.00), IgA (MD: 1.29, 95%CI: 0.35–2.24, P = 0.01), IgG (MD: 3.95, 95%CI: 0.98–6.92, P = 0.01) and IgM (MD: 6.44, 95%CI: 0.63–12.26, P = 0.03); (3) improved patients' quality of life based on the mean ± SD of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (MD: 8.20, 95%CI: 6.87–9.53, P = 0.00); (4) reduced the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including the incidence of myelosuppression (RR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.19–0.75, P = 0.01), leukopenia (RR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63–0.92, P = 0.00), and thrombocytopenia (RR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.31–0.86, P = 0.01) (5) reduced the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62–0.88, P = 0.00). However, the number of improved patients based on KPS (RR: 1.47, 95%CI: 0.98–2.20, P = 0.06) were similar between two groups, liver and renal damage (RR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.09–1.10, P = 0.07) and gastrointestinal adverse reactions (RR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.47–1.37, P = 0.42) as well. Subgroup analysis showed that CS could increase the TRR in the treatment with 6 g/d and 21 days/3–4 cycles.
Compared with conventional treatment, adjuvant treatment with CS of lung cancer not only improve TRR, QOL and immune function, but also reduce the incidence of ADRs and radiation pneumonitis. The optimal usage may be 6 g/d and 21 days/3 to 4 cycles.
CRD42022333681.
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•Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. is a rare complex traditional Chinese medicine.•Aiming to evaluate the efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.•Adjuvant treatment with Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy.
Diabetic wound treatment faces significant challenges in clinical settings. Alternative treatment approaches are needed. Continuous bleeding, disordered inflammatory regulation, obstruction of cell ...proliferation, and disturbance of tissue remodeling are the main characteristics of diabetic wound healing. Hydrogels made of either naturally derived or synthetic materials can potentially be designed with a variety of functions for managing the healing process of chronic wounds. Here, a hemostatic and anti‐inflammatory hydrogel patch is designed for promoting diabetic wound healing. The hydrogel patch is derived from dual‐cross‐linked methacryloyl‐substituted Bletilla Striata polysaccharide (B) and gelatin (G) via ultraviolet (UV) light. It is demonstrated that the B–G hydrogel can effectively regulate the M1/M2 phenotype of macrophages, significantly promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in vitro, and accelerate angiogenesis. It can boost wound closure by normalizing epidermal tissue regeneration and depositing collagen appropriately in vivo without exogenous cytokine supplementation. Overall, the B–G bioactive hydrogel can promote diabetic wound healing in a simple, economical, effective, and safe manner.
The prominent multifunctional properties of a dual‐cross‐linked B–G hydrogel patch enable promising applications in treating chronic wound healing by modulating inflammation, accelerating granulation tissue formation, promoting collagen deposition, reinforcing hemostasia, and inducing vascularization.
Although blockchain, the supporting technology of various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous decentralized trust management systems, its performance is still ...sub-optimal in real-world networks. With limited bandwidth, the communication complexity for nodes to process a block scales with the growing network size and hence becomes the limiting factor of blockchain's performance. In this paper, we suggest a re-design of existing blockchain systems, which addresses the issue of the communication burden. First, by employing techniques from Coded Computation, our scheme guarantees correct verification of transactions while reducing the bit complexity dramatically such that it grows logarithmically with the number of nodes. Second, with the adoption of techniques from Information Dispersal and State Machine Replication, the system is resilient to Byzantine faults and achieves linear message complexity. Third, we propose a novel 2-dimensional sharding strategy, which inherently supports cross-shard transactions, alleviating the need for complicated communication protocols between shards, while keeping the computation and storage benefits of sharding.
Hydrogels, exhibiting wide applications in soft robotics, tissue engineering, implantable electronics, etc., often require sophisticately tailoring of the hydrogel mechanical properties to meet ...specific demands. For examples, soft robotics necessitates tough hydrogels; stem cell culturing demands various tissue‐matching modulus; and neuron probes desire dynamically tunable modulus. Herein, a strategy to broadly alter the mechanical properties of hydrogels reversibly via tuning the aggregation states of the polymer chains by ions based on the Hofmeister effect is reported. An ultratough poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as an exemplary material (toughness 150 ± 20 MJ m−3), which surpasses synthetic polymers like poly(dimethylsiloxane), synthetic rubber, and natural spider silk is fabricated. With various ions, the hydrogel's various mechanical properties are continuously and reversibly in situ modulated over a large window: tensile strength from 50 ± 9 kPa to 15 ± 1 MPa, toughness from 0.0167 ± 0.003 to 150 ± 20 MJ m−3, elongation from 300 ± 100% to 2100 ± 300%, and modulus from 24 ± 2 to 2500 ± 140 kPa. Importantly, the ions serve as gelation triggers and property modulators only, not necessarily required to remain in the gel, maintaining the high biocompatibility of PVA without excess ions. This strategy, enabling high mechanical performance and broad dynamic tunability, presents a universal platform for broad applications from biomedicine to wearable electronics.
A freeze‐soak strategy is proposed to make hydrogels with broad‐range tunable mechanical properties via the Hofmeister effect. Because of the various aggregation degrees of the polymers chains induced by the Hofmeister effect, hydrogels with ultrahigh‐toughness and wide‐range tunable mechanical properties can be made by changing the salt types and concentrations. Meanwhile, the mechanics of the hydrogel can be in situ tuned dynamically.
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