Folk culture was typically associated with rural superstitions and feudal norms. It was appropriated by the state and intellectuals to modernize the nation and mobilize the masses to unshackle China ...from the grip of the imperialist invasion in Republican China, and was later revolutionized to help construct socialist China. However, after being condemned as the Four Olds, folk culture experienced a nationwide revival in post-Mao China. This article explores the official use of folk culture in realizing domestic political goals in post-Mao China, a strategy that I call 'folk soft power.' Through a case study of the largest folk art fair in contemporary rural China, I examine how the fair received official endorsements as a social basis for building a socialist spiritual civilization and a harmonious society in the reform era. It was also heritagized as a national intangible cultural heritage (ICH) to create a shared cultural identity in the new millennium. I argue that the Chinese authorities deploy folk soft power to reproduce a people-oriented state and a Chinese nation rooted in folk culture. Folk soft power deliberately makes light of state presence to consolidate regime legitimacy and reorient the meaning of Chineseness.
Centralized charging of electric vehicles (EVs) based on battery swapping is a promising strategy for their large-scale utilization in power systems. The most outstanding feature of this strategy is ...that EV batteries can be replaced within a short time and can be charged during off-peak periods or on low electric price and scheduled in any battery swap station. This paper proposes a novel centralized charging strategy of EVs under the battery swapping scenario by considering optimal charging priority and charging location (station or bus node in a power system) based on spot electric price. In this strategy, a population-based heuristic approach is designed to minimize total charging cost, as well as to reduce power loss and voltage deviation of power networks. We introduce a dynamic crossover and adaptive mutation strategy into a hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. The resulting algorithm and several others are executed on an IEEE 30-bus test system, and the results suggest that the proposed one is effective and promising for optimal EV centralized charging.
This study investigates the relative importance of tropical Indian Ocean warming (IOW) and equatorial central to eastern Pacific cooling (EPC) in sustaining an anomalous Western North Pacific ...anticyclone (WNPAC) during the transition from an El Niño in the preceding winter to a La Niña in the subsequent summer through a suite of numerical experiments. The numerical results indicate that the WNPAC is maintained by a combined effect of IOW and EPC during the La Niña developing years. The contribution of IOW in maintaining the WNPAC sustains from spring to early summer, but appears to weaken after that as IOW decays. The role of IOW is via an eastward-propagating Kelvin wave induced Ekman divergence mechanism. The decay of IOW is because of reduction in downward solar radiation associated with above normal precipitation in situ. As the cooling develops over central to eastern Pacific from spring to summer, EPC starts to contribute to the maintenance of the WNPAC during summer through stimulating a Rossby wave response to its northwest. In this study, we have identified that the cooling over the central to eastern Pacific plays an important role in sustaining the WNPAC during La Niña developing summers. This finding may help improve the prediction of the East Asian summer monsoon, which is closely associated with the WNPAC.
The filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease (ftsH) gene family belongs to the ATP-dependent zinc metalloproteins, and ftsH genes play critical roles in plant chloroplast development and ...photosynthesis.
In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and a systematic analysis of soybean ftsH genes. A total of 18 GmftsH genes were identified. The subcellular localization was predicted to be mainly in cell membranes and chloroplasts, and the gene structures, conserved motifs, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the ftsH gene family from soybean and various other species revealed six distinct clades, all of which showed a close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. The members of the GmftsH gene family were distributed on 13 soybean chromosomes, with intron numbers ranging from 3 to 15, 13 pairs of repetitive segment. The covariance between these genes and related genes in different species of Oryza sativa, Zea mays, and Arabidopsis thaliana was further investigated. The transcript expression data revealed that the genes of this family showed different expression patterns in three parts, the root, stem, and leaf, and most of the genes were highly expressed in the leaves of the soybean plants. Fluorescence-based real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression level of GmftsH genes varied under different stress treatments. Specifically, the genes within this family exhibited various induction levels in response to stress conditions of 4℃, 20% PEG-6000, and 100 mmol/L NaCl. These findings suggest that the GmftsH gene family may play a crucial role in the abiotic stress response in soybeans. It was also found that the GmftsH7 gene was localized on the cell membrane, and its expression was significantly upregulated under 4 ℃ treatment. In summary, by conducting a genome-wide analysis of the GmftsH gene family, a strong theoretical basis is established for future studies on the functionality of GmftsH genes.
This research can potentially serve as a guide for enhancing the stress tolerance characteristics of soybean.
In an assessment of 29 global climate models (GCMs), Part I of this study identified biases in boreal winter MJO teleconnections in anomalous 500-hPa geopotential height over the Pacific–North ...America (PNA) region that are common to many models: an eastward shift, a longer persistence, and a larger amplitude. In Part II, we explore the relationships of the teleconnection metrics developed in Part I with several existing and newly developed MJO and basic state (the mean subtropical westerly jet) metrics. The MJO and basic state diagnostics indicate that the MJO is generally weaker and less coherent and propagates faster in models compared to observations. The mean subtropical jet also exhibits notable biases such as too strong amplitude, excessive eastward extension, or southward shift. The following relationships are found to be robust among the models: 1) models with a faster MJO propagation tend to produce weaker teleconnections; 2) models with a less coherent eastward MJO propagation tend to simulate more persistent MJO teleconnections; 3) models with a stronger westerly jet produce stronger and eastward shifted MJO teleconnections; 4) models with an eastward extended jet produce an eastward shift in MJO teleconnections; and 5) models with a southward shifted jet produce stronger MJO teleconnections. The results are supported by linear baroclinic model experiments. Our results suggest that the larger amplitude and eastward shift biases in GCM MJO teleconnections can be attributed to the biases in the westerly jet, and that the longer persistence bias is likely due to the lack of coherent eastward MJO propagation.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved a globally prevalent outbreak since December 2019. As a focused country to alleviate the epidemic impact, China implemented a range of public health ...interventions to prevent the disease from further transmission, including the pandemic lockdown in Wuhan and other cities. This paper establishes China's mobility network by a flight dataset and proposes a model without epidemiological parameters to indicate the spread risks through the network, which is termed as epidemic strength. By simply adjusting an intervention parameter, traffic volumes under different travel-restriction levels can be simulated to analyze how the containment strategy can mitigate the virus dissemination through traffic. This approach is successfully applied to a network of Chinese provinces and the epidemic strength is smoothly interpreted by flow maps. Through this node-to-node interpretation of transmission risks, both overall and detailed epidemic hazards are properly analyzed, which can provide valuable intervention advice during public health emergencies.
D-arginine (D-Arg) can promote embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation and increase the rate of somatic embryo induction of litchi (
Sonn.), yet the mechanism underlying the processes is incompletely ...understood. To investigate the mechanism, physiological responses of polyamines (PAs) putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were investigated for D-Arg-treated litchi EC and enzyme activity related to polyamine metabolism, plant endogenous hormones, and polyamine- and embryogenic-related genes were explored. Results showed that the exogenous addition of D-Arg reduces the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in EC, reduces the production of H
O
, promotes EC proliferation, and increases the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio to promote somatic embryo induction. Exogenous D-Arg application promoted somatic embryogenesis (SE) by increasing indole-3-acetyl glycine (IAA-Gly), kinetin-9-glucoside (K9G), and dihydrozeatin-7-glucoside (DHZ7G) levels and decreasing trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), N-(-)-jasmonoyl-(L)-valine (JA-Val), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (Ja-ILE) levels on 18 d, as well as promoting cell division and differentiation. The application of exogenous D-Arg regulated EC proliferation and somatic embryo induction by altering gene expression levels of the WRKY family, AP2/ERF family, C3H family, and C2H2 family. These results indicate that exogenous D-Arg could regulate the proliferation of EC and the SE induction of litchi by changing the biosynthesis of PAs through the alteration of gene expression pattern and endogenous hormone metabolism.
The gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Qihe-Yucheng mineral-rich area of Shandong Province, China, lie nearly north–south. However, the anomalies in the Pandian area in the central part of the ...region are small in scale and weak in intensity, and the geophysical information of deep iron ore bodies is greatly weakened, making it difficult to identify and extract mineral-induced magnetic anomalies. Based on the exploration of gravity and magnetic anomalies in adjacent mining areas, and through plane analysis and quantitative inversion of these anomalies in the Pandian area, the structural framework division, delineation of ore-forming geological bodies, anomaly analysis research, and two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) joint inversion in the study area were achieved. Deep information under an ultradeep overburden was obtained, and a new breakthrough in the exploration of skarn-type iron ore was achieved. The results of this study can provide important references for further exploration of deep ore deposits under ultra-deep overburden layers and indicate the potential for the exploration of skarn-type iron deposits in the Qihe-Yucheng mineral-rich area.
•The joint analysis of gravity and magnetic is a suitable method in this area.•The results reflect the vertical depth characteristics of ore-forming geological bodies.•Transform oblique magnetization magnetic anomaly into gravity anomaly is better.•The geological bodies may be located in the north-south neutral magmatic rock belt.
Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and its protein and fat are the primary sources of edible oil and vegetable protein. The effective components in soybean protein and fat ...have positive effects on improving human immunity, anti-tumor, and regulating blood lipids and metabolism. Therefore, increasing the contents of protein and fat in soybeans is essential for improving the quality of soybeans.
This study selected 292 soybean lines from different regions as experimental materials, based on SLAF-seq sequencing technology, and performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the phenotype data from 2019-2021 Planted at the experimental base of Jilin Agricultural University, such as the contents of protein and fat of soybeans. Through the GLM model and MLM model, four SNP sites (Gm09_39012959, Gm12_35492373, Gm16_9297124, and Gm20_24678362) that were significantly related to soybean fat content were associated for three consecutive years, and two SNP sites (Gm09_39012959 and Gm20_24678362) that were significantly related to soybean protein content were associated. By the annotation and enrichment of genes within the 100 Kb region of SNP loci flanking, two genes (Glyma.09G158100 and Glyma.09G158200) related to soybean protein synthesis and one gene (Glyma.12G180200) related to lipid metabolism were selected. By the preliminary verification of expression levels of genes with qPCR, it is found that during the periods of R6 and R7 of the accumulation of soybean protein and fat, Glyma.09G158100 and Glyma.09G158200 are positive regulatory genes that promote protein synthesis and accumulation, while Glyma.12G180200 is the negative regulatory gene that inhibits fat accumulation.
These results lay the basis for further verifying the gene function and studying the molecular mechanisms regulating the accumulation of protein and fat in soybean seeds.
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