The rapid growth in automobile production in China during the past few decades has caused numerous tires to be scrapped, and their disposal has become a significant challenge. This study proposes a ...Triple Exponential Smoothing prediction model to predict the supply of waste tires in 2019–2023, and the demand for these tires in three road construction scenarios. In addition, performance analysis is conducted to evaluate the carbon emissions produced in the production process of crumb rubber, modified asphalt, and styrene–butadiene–styrene modified asphalt. The reduction potential of carbon emissions when using crumb rubber for road construction is measured to contribute to the sustainable management of waste tires. The results demonstrate that the prediction model employed for prediction of waste tire production is robust, and the prediction results can be used to evaluate waste tire recycling. In addition, crumb rubber can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly method for recycling end-of-life tires. Expanding the proportion of rubber powder asphalt application is an effective method for balancing the supply and demand contradiction of crumb rubber. Moreover, the potential for energy savings and emissions reduction, in addition to the economic benefits of using crumb rubber modified asphalt, are significantly higher than those employing styrene–butadiene–styrene modified asphalt. These results indicate the possibility of a circular economy and decreased dependence on non-renewable asphalt resources.
•A forecast model was established to reveal the recycling pressure of waste tires.•This study analyzes the supply and demand of WRP and its potential application.•There is a huge demand for WRP modified asphalt in road construction.•The energy conservation of WRP modified asphalt is compared with SBS’s.•The WRP modified asphalt is one of the best ways to recycle waste tires.
•A new reductive method for PFOA defluorination was established by sulfite-mediated photolysis.•The defluorination of PFOA was dependent on sulfite concentration and solution pH.•A defluorination ...ratio of PFOA as high as 88.5% was achieved after reaction of 24h.•A few of perfluorinated sulfonates were detected as intermediates during the degradation of PFOA.•A mechanism was proposed for the reductive defluorination of PFOA by hydrated electrons.
A method for reductive degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was established by using a sulfite/UV process. This process led to a PFOA removal of 100% at about 1h and a defluorination ratio of 88.5% at reaction time of 24h under N2 atmosphere, whereas the use of either UV irradiation or SO32− alone induced little defluorination of PFOA under the same conditions. It was confirmed that the reductive defluorination of PFOA was achieved by hydrated electrons being generated from the photo-conversion of SO32− as a mediator. Theoretical reaction kinetic analysis demonstrated that the generation of hydrated electrons was promoted by increasing either SO32− concentration or solution pH, leading to the acceleration of the PFOA defluorination. Accompanying the reduction of PFOA, a small amount of short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, less fluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates were generated, all of which were able to be further degraded with further releasing of fluoride ions. Based on the generation, accumulation and distribution of intermediates, hydrated electrons induced defluorination pathway of PFOA was proposed in a sulfite-mediated UV photochemical system.
Synthetic biology based on bacteria has been displayed in antitumor therapy and shown good performance. In this study, an engineered bacterium Escherichia coli MG1655 is designed with NDH‐2 enzyme ...(respiratory chain enzyme II) overexpression (Ec‐pE), which can colonize in tumor regions and increase localized H2O2 generation. Following from this, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are covalently linked to bacteria to act as a catalyst for a Fenton‐like reaction, which converts H2O2 to toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for tumor therapy. In this constructed bioreactor, the Fenton‐like reaction occurs with sustainably synthesized H2O2 produced by engineered bacteria, and severe tumor apoptosis is induced via the produced toxic •OH. These results show that this bioreactor can achieve effective tumor colonization, and realize a self‐supplied therapeutic Fenton‐like reaction without additional H2O2 provision.
A Fenton‐like bioreactor based on bacteria is reported for tumor therapy without exogenous H2O2 provision. It is found that this bioreactor can achieve effective tumor colonization, and realize a self‐supplied therapeutic Fenton‐like reaction without additional H2O2 provision.
Abstract
The revolutionary 5G cellular systems represent a breakthrough in the communication network design to provide a single platform for enabling enhanced broadband communications, virtual ...reality, autonomous driving, and the internet of everything. However, the ongoing massive deployment of 5G networks has unveiled inherent limitations that have stimulated the demand for innovative technologies with a vision toward 6G communications. Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) technology has been identified as a critical enabler for 6G communications with the prospect of massive capacity and connectivity. Nonetheless, existing terahertz on-chip communication devices suffer from crosstalk, scattering losses, limited data speed, and insufficient tunability. Here, we demonstrate a new class of phototunable, on-chip topological terahertz devices consisting of a broadband single-channel 160 Gbit/s communication link and a silicon Valley Photonic Crystal based demultiplexer. The optically controllable demultiplexing of two different carriers modulated signals without crosstalk is enabled by the topological protection and a critically coupled high-quality (
Q
) cavity. As a proof of concept, we demultiplexed high spectral efficiency 40 Gbit/s signals and demonstrated real-time streaming of uncompressed high-definition (HD) video (1.5 Gbit/s) using the topological photonic chip. Phototunable silicon topological photonics will augment complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible terahertz technologies, vital for accelerating the development of futuristic 6G and 7G communication era driving the real-time terabits per second wireless connectivity for network sensing, holographic communication, and cognitive internet of everything.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have experienced rapid growth over the past decade due to their simple design, low cost, minimal sample requirement, and good sensitivity, ...selectivity and accuracy. While designed originally for point-of-care medical diagnostics, biological, and food safety applications, μPADs are now used increasingly for environmental monitoring purposes. This review provides a detailed overview of the μPADs developed over the past ten years for the environmental analysis of soil, air, ecology (pesticides) and river water. The review commences by introducing the fabrication techniques and detection methods used in μPAD technology. A detailed description of the main μPAD frameworks proposed in the past decade for environmental monitoring is then provided. The review concludes by examining the challenges facing μPADs for environmental monitoring and identifying probable avenues of future research.
Shifting electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via two‐electron pathway becomes increasingly crucial as an alternative/green method for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Here, the ...development of 2e− ORR catalysts in recent years is reviewed, in aspects of reaction mechanism exploration, types of high‐performance catalysts, factors to influence catalytic performance, and potential applications of 2e− ORR. Based on the previous theoretical and experimental studies, the underlying 2e− ORR catalytic mechanism is firstly unveiled, in aspect of reaction pathway, thermodynamic free energy diagram, limiting potential, and volcano plots. Then, various types of efficient catalysts for producing H2O2 via 2e− ORR pathway are summarized. Additionally, the catalytic active sites and factors to influence catalysts’ performance, such as electronic structure, carbon defect, functional groups (O, N, B, S, F etc.), synergistic effect, and others (pH, pore structure, steric hindrance effect, etc.) are discussed. The H2O2 electrogeneration via 2e− ORR also has various potential applications in wastewater treatment, disinfection, organics degradation, and energy storage. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in 2e− ORR catalysts for electrochemically producing H2O2 are examined. These insights may help develop highly active/selective 2e− ORR catalysts and shape the potential application of this electrochemical H2O2 producing method.
Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via 2e− pathway becomes increasingly crucial for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. This work comprehensively reviews the recent works of 2e− ORR catalysts, in aspects of catalytic mechanism, types of catalysts, factors to influence catalytic performance and potential applications. Additionally, potential strategies are given for developing high‐performance 2e− ORR catalysts and on‐site applications.
The clinical progress and challenges of mRNA vaccines Yu, Meng-Zhen; Wang, Nan-Nan; Zhu, Jia-Qing ...
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology,
09/2023, Volume:
15, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Owing to the breakthroughs in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccine approaches for ...infectious disease prevention and anticancer treatments. Advantages of mRNA vaccines include flexibility in designing and manipulating antigens of interest, scalability in rapid response to new variants, ability to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and ease of industrialization. This review article presents the latest advances and innovations in mRNA-based vaccines and their clinical translations in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases or cancers. We also highlight various nanoparticle delivery platforms that contribute to their success in clinical translation. Current challenges related to mRNA immunogenicity, stability, and in vivo delivery and the strategies for addressing them are also discussed. Finally, we provide our perspectives on future considerations and opportunities for applying mRNA vaccines to fight against major infectious diseases and cancers. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
Multicolor emissive and responsive materials are highly attractive owing to their potential applications in various fields, and polymers are preferred for their good processability and high ...stability. Herein, we report a series of new polymers based on a methacrylate monomer containing a switchable boron chromophore. In spite of their unconjugated nature, interestingly, the homopolymers from this monomer display rare multicolor fluorescence in solution that is highly dependent on the degree of polymerization (DP). With an increasing DP, the local concentration of the chromophore increases, leading to a higher propensity for switching the blue‐emitting tricoordinate boron chromophore to the red‐emitting tetracoordinate one. The homopolymers also display temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent emission color change. Furthermore, pure white‐light emission could be achieved in various solvents by precisely tuning the homopolymer molecular weight, or in films/solid state by copolymerizing the emissive boron monomer with non‐emissive monomers in an appropriate ratio.
Multicolor emissive polymers: Multicolor emission was achieved in polymers that contain a switchable boron chromophore and a methacrylate backbone. The molecular weight and degree of polymerization provide the key driving force for the switching of three‐coordinate boron units to four‐coordinate ones in the polymer, and for the emission transition from blue to white and then red.
G‐quadruplex DNA show structural polymorphism, leading to challenges in the use of selective recognition probes for the accurate detection of G‐quadruplexes in vivo. Herein, we present a tripodal ...cationic fluorescent probe, NBTE, which showed distinguishable fluorescence lifetime responses between G‐quadruplexes and other DNA topologies, and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) enhancement upon G‐quadruplex binding. We determined two NBTE‐G‐quadruplex complex structures with high Φf values by NMR spectroscopy. The structures indicated NBTE interacted with G‐quadruplexes using three arms through π–π stacking, differing from that with duplex DNA using two arms, which rationalized the higher Φf values and lifetime response of NBTE upon G‐quadruplex binding. Based on photon counts of FLIM, we detected the percentage of G‐quadruplex DNA in live cells with NBTE and found G‐quadruplex DNA content in cancer cells is 4‐fold that in normal cells, suggesting the potential applications of this probe in cancer cell detection.
G4 imaging: A tripodal cationic fluorescence probe, NBTE, was used for the visualization (based on fluorescence lifetime) and quantification (based on photon counts) of G‐quadruplex DNA in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Structural studies provided a structural basis for the DNA‐topology‐based fluorescence response of NBTE.
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