The prognostic role of inflammation index like neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. We conduct a meta‐analysis to determine the predictable value of ...NLR in the clinical outcome of CRC patients. The analysis was carried out based on the data from 16 studies (19 cohorts) to evaluate the association between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with CRC. In addition, the relationship between NLR and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size estimate. Our analysis results indicated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.813, 95% CI: 1.499–2.193) and PFS (HR: 2.102, 95% CI: 1.554–2.843) in patients with CRC. Increased NLR is also significantly associated with the poorer differentiation of the tumor (OR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.226–2.022) and higher carcino‐embryonie antigen (CEA) level (OR: 1.493, 95% CI: 1.308–1.705). By these results, we conclude that NLR gains a prognostic value for patients with CRC. NLR should be monitored in CRC patients for rational stratification of the patients and adjusting the treatment strategy.
What's new?
Although correlated with the severity of disease course, the impact of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival and tumor characteristics in cancer patients remains unclear. In the meta‐analysis presented here, elevated pre‐treatment NLR was found to predict poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. NLR was also associated with unfavorable biologic behavior in colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that NLR, as an inexpensive and widely available index, should be routinely monitored in colorectal cancer patients.
In this paper, the Sharma-Tasso-Olver-Burgers (STOB) system is analyzed by the Lie point symmetry method. The hypergeometric wave solution of the STOB equation is derived by symmetry reductions. In ...the meantime, the consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method is applied to the STOB equation. An nonauto-Bäcklund (BT) theorem that includes the over-determined equations and the consistent condition is obtained by the CTE method. By using the nonauto-BT theorem, the interactions between one-soliton and the cnoidal wave, and between one-soliton and the multiple resonant soliton solutions, are constructed. The dynamics of these novel interaction solutions are shown both in analytical and graphical forms. The results are potentially useful for explaining ocean phenomena.
The research of the safety problem of the cable-driven lower limb rehabilitation robots (CDLR) is not considered in the related report. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to study the dynamical ...stability evaluation method of a rigid-flexible hybrid-driven lower limb rehabilitation robot system (RFHDLR) to meet the training requirements of different patients in different rehabilitation stages. In order to improve the flexibility and operational performance of the robot system, one rigid motion chain is introduced into the cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) to form a RFHDLR. Secondly, the motion planning strategy of the rigid motion chain is analyzed. Then, based on the kinematics and dynamics of the robot system, the cable tension performance factor and the system stiffness performance factor of the robot system are defined, and the static stability evaluation method and index of RFHDLR are obtained by the weighting method. Considering the patient's ability to withstand the motion velocity and the effect of the volatility of slide motion velocity of the rigid motion chain on the safety of the robot system, the velocity performance factor of the robot system is proposed. The dynamical stability evaluation method and index of RFHDLR are discussed based on the static stability evaluation method and the velocity influence function. Finally, for the two planning strategies of the rigid motion chain, the experimental study of the planned training trajectory of the lower limb traction point is performed based on simulation analysis. The experimental results verify the correctness of the stability evaluation method and provide a reference for further studying the training task planning and the control strategy.
This paper presents a problem that traditional methods cannot evaluate the dynamical stability of the under-constraint cable-driven lower limb rehabilitation training robot (CLLRTR). An analytical ...method is presented to evaluate the dynamical stability of CLLRTR. Firstly, position performance factor, posture performance factor and cable tension performance factor are defined based on the kinematics and dynamics of CLLRTR. An appraisal index and method of the dynamical stability for CLLRTR with the hybrid force-position-pose approach is proposed by using the weighted average method among three performance factors. Secondly, the stable workspace and robustness workspace with the external forces are defined according to the stability margin. Finally, the simulation analysis and the experimental study are used to illustrate the distribution of the dynamical stability in the whole workspace of CLLRTR. The results show that the experimental results are the same as the theoretical simulation analysis results. So the appraisal index of the dynamical stability can be used to evaluate the dynamical stability of CLLRTR. It will provide a foundation for the trajectory planning and control strategy of CLLRTR training pattern.
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a key role in the initiation and neoangiogenesis of liver regeneration. We presume that the abnormity of the VEGF/VEGFR2 and its pathway gene Id1, Wnt2 ...and HGF expression in aged LSECs may be an important mechanism to affect liver regeneration of the elderly. LSECs from two different groups (adult and old) were isolated in a rodent model, and observed by SEM and TEM. The adult and old rats were underwent 70% partial hepatectomy. The proliferation of hepatocytes and LSECs were analyzed by Immunofluorescence staining. The expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 and its pathway gene in isolated LSECs and liver tissue after hepatectomy were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. There is a decreased number of endothelial fenestrae in the LSECs of the old group, compared to the adult group. The old group had a lower expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 and its pathway gene than the adult groups (
p
< 0.01). The results of western blot were consistent with those of qRT-PCR. The hepatocytes had a high proliferation rate at first 4 days after hepatectomy, and a significantly higher proliferation rate in the adult group. The LSECs began to proliferate after 4 days of hepatectomy, and showed a quantity advantage in the adult group. The adult group had a significantly higher expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 and its pathway gene after hepatectomy than the old group (
p
< 0.01). LSCEs turn to be defenestration in structure and have a low expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 and its pathway gene with aging.
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) of achieving high power and energy density have garnered significant attention. However, the kinetics unbalance between anode and cathode can impede the application of ...LICs. Vanadium nitride (VN) with a high theoretical specific capacity (~ 1200 mAh·g
−1
) is a better pseudocapacitive anode to match the response of cathode in LICs. However, the insertion/extraction of Li-ions in VN’s operation results in significant volume expansion. Herein, the VN/N-rGO-5 composite that three-dimentional (3D) dicyandiamide-derived-carbon (DDC) tightly wrapped VN quantum dots (VN QDTs) on two-dimentional (2D) reduced graphene oxid (rGO) was prepared by a facile strategy. The VN QDTs can reduce ion diffusion length and improve charge transfer kinetics. The 2D rGO as a template provides support for nanoparticle dispersion and improves electrical conductivity. The 3D DDC tightly encapsulated with VN QDTs mitigates agglomeration of VN particles as well as volume expansion. Correspondingly, the LICs with VN/N-rGO-5 composite as anode and activated carbon (AC) as cathode were fabricated, which exhibits a high energy density and power density. Such strategy provides a perspective for improving the electrochemical properties of LIC anode materials by suppressing volume expansion and enhancing conductivity.
Graphical abstract
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region boasts rich geothermal resources and new achievements have been made in the exploration and development of geothermal resources in this region based on previous ...regional investigation. In detail, geothermal reservoirs of Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Jixian System and Changcheng System in Xiongan New Area have been recently discovered, opening up the second space of geothermal resources; the calculation method of the recoverable resources of geothermal fluid with reinjection being considered has been improved in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and uniform comprehensive assessment of shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal resources, and hot dry rocks (HDR) geothermal resources in the whole Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang region has been completed. The scientific research base for cascade development and utilization of geothermal resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has applied hydraulic fracturing technology to the geothermal reservoirs in Gaoyuzhuang Formation. As a result, the production capacity doubled and two-stage cascade utilization composed of geothermal power generation and geothermal heating were realized, with the first-phase installed capacity of 280 kW and the geothermal hearing is 30000 m2. In this way, a model of the exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources formed. Large-scale utilization has become the future trend of geothermal resource development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and great efforts shall be made to achieve breakthroughs in reinjection technology, geothermal reservoir reconstruction technology, thermoelectric technology and underground heat exchange technology.
The (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani (KdVSKR) equation is proposed by extending one dimension of the (1+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation. The bilinear form of the ...(2+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation is obtained by the independent transformation. The multi-solitons are obtained by solving the Hirota bilinear form of the (2+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation. By using the long wave limit method, the multi-order lumps, interaction between lump and solitons are derived. The paths of lump wave can be given by calculating the critical points of the lump wave. The dynamics of these solutions are shown both in numerical simulations and graphs ways.
•The (2+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation is proposed based on the (1+1)- dimensional KdVSKR equation.•The multi-solitons are obtained by solving the Hirota bilinear form.•The multi-lumps and lump-solitons are derived by the long wave limit method.
Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, thyroid transcription factor 1, and Ki-67 (70%) but negative for smooth muscle ...action, desmin, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), calretinin, melanocyte antigen, P40, P63, and Cytokeratin5/6. Tumor cells were also found in the pleural effusion Figure 1F. ...the patient was diagnosed with stage IV right upper lung SpCC based on the World Health Organization criteria. In previous studies on sarcomatoid carcinoma, including SpCCs, researchers found that these patients harbored epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), K-ras, B-Raf proto-oncogene (Braf), HER2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and MET proto-oncogene (c-MET) amplifications, while EGFR mutations were rare. 4 The ROS1 gene, has a similar structure as ALK, encodes for an tyrosine receptor kinase which is involved in chromosomal translocation in lung cancer.
In this paper, we investigate a third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) which is used to describe the propagation of ultrashort pulses in the subpicosecond or femtosecond regime. Based on ...the independent transformation, the bilinear form of the third-order NLSE is constructed. The multiple soliton solutions are constructed by solving the bilinear form. The higher-order rogue waves and interaction between one-soliton and first-order rogue wave are obtained by the long wave limit in multi-solitons. The dynamics of the first-order rogue wave, second-order rogue wave and interaction between one-soliton and first-order rogue wave are presented by selecting the appropriate parameters. In particular parameters, the positions and the maximum of amplitude of rogue wave can be confirmed by the detailed calculations.
•The multiple solitons are constructed by solving the bilinear form.•The high-order rogue waves are obtained by the long wave limit approach.•The dynamics of between one-soliton and first-order rogue wave are analyzed.
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