The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID‐19 patients for clinical help. The clinical data of COVID‐19 patients from December 2019 to February ...2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID‐19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single‐arm meta‐analysis. The available data of 1994 patients in 10 literatures were included in our study. The main clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 patients were fever (88.5%), cough (68.6%), myalgia or fatigue (35.8%), expectoration (28.2%), and dyspnea (21.9%). Minor symptoms include headache or dizziness (12.1%), diarrhea (4.8%), nausea and vomiting (3.9%). The results of the laboratory showed that the lymphocytopenia (64.5%), increase of C‐reactive protein (44.3%), increase of lactic dehydrogenase (28.3%), and leukocytopenia (29.4%) were more common. The results of single‐arm meta‐analysis showed that the male took a larger percentage in the gender distribution of COVID‐19 patients 60% (95% CI 0.54, 0.65), the discharge rate of COVID‐19 patients was 52% (95% CI 0.34,0.70), and the fatality rate was 5% (95% CI 0.01,0.11).
Research Highlights
Our study explored the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID‐19 patients, and proposed the need to focus on other systemic symptoms such as the gastrointestinal tract firstly, which could be of use for clinical work.
Background/Aims
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve distinct roles in human tumorigenesis. Previous studies have found that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) ...was dysregulated in several tumors. However, the expression, clinical significances, and action mechanisms of SNHG4 in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear.
Methods
Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was utilized to detect SNHG4 expression in tissue samples and PCa cells. Cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, clonogenic formation, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were, respectively, used to evaluate cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration, and invasion. Flow cytometric analysis was applied to assess cell apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to determine the binding between SP1 and SNHG4 promoter. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT‐PCR, and western blot analysis were carried out to explore and confirm the interaction among SNHG4, miR‐377, and ZIC5.
Results
SNHG4 was highly expressed in PCa and its upregulation was induced by transcription factor SP1. The high levels of SNHG4 were distinctly associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and reduced overall survival of patients with PCa. SNHG4 knockdown inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, miR‐377 was a target of SNHG4 and ZIC5 was a target gene of miR‐377 in PCa. SNHG4 promoted ZIC5‐mediated growth and metastasis through modulating miR‐377.
Conclusion
Our findings illuminate how SNHG4 formed a regulatory network to display a tumor‐promotive effect in PCa and revealed that SNHG4 may be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for patients with PCa.
Our findings illuminate how SNHG4 formed a regulatory network to display a tumor‐promotive effect in PCa and revealed that SNHG4 may be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for patients with PCa.
In this paper, a network model named DCC-Net based on infrared image sensor is developed for sports data management. Optical imaging plays an important role in the collection and analysis of sports ...data, but the traditional methods have limitations in the aspects of illumination change and motion blur. To solve these problems, we propose a DCC-net network model based on infrared image sensor. The background of this study is to improve the efficiency of collection and management of sports data in order to promote the improvement of athletes' training and competitive performance. We use a combination of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to extract and understand motion information in infrared images. The experimental results show that the DCC-net network model has better performance than the traditional optical method in the aspects of illumination variation and motion blur, and provides more accurate and stable motion data. Therefore, DCC-net network model based on infrared image sensor is an effective sports data management tool, which can provide more comprehensive and accurate training and competitive support for athletes and coaches.
To assess the responses to taper in endurance athletes using meta-analysis.
Systematic searches were conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and ...EMBASE databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of outcome measures were calculated as effect sizes.
14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant improvements were found between pre- and post-tapering in time-trial (TT) performance (SMD = -0.45; P < 0.05) and time to exhaustion (TTE) performance (SMD = 1.28; P < 0.05). However, There were no improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (Formula: see text) and economy of movement (EM) (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-tapering. Further subgroup analysis showed that tapering combined with pre-taper overload training had a more significant effect on TT performance than conventional tapering (P < 0.05). A tapering strategy that reduced training volume by 41-60%, maintained training intensity and frequency, lasted ≤7 days, 8-14 days, or 15-21 days, used a progressive or step taper could significantly improve TT performance (P < 0.05).
The tapering applied in conjunction with pre-taper overload training seems to be more conducive to maximize performance gains. Current evidence suggests that a ≤21-day taper, in which training volume is progressively reduced by 41-60% without changing training intensity or frequency, is an effective tapering strategy.
N‐arylcarbazole structures are important because of their prevalence in natural products and functional OLED materials. C−H amination of arenes has been widely recognized as the most efficient ...approach to access these structures. Conventional strategies involving transition‐metal catalysts suffer from confined substrate generality and the requirement of exogenous oxidants. Organocatalytic enantioselective C–N chiral axis construction remains elusive. Presented here is the first organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N‐arylcarbazole frameworks by the assembly of azonaphthalenes and carbazoles. This reaction accommodates broad substrate scope and gives atropisomeric N‐arylcarbazoles in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol. This approach not only offers an alternative to metal‐catalyzed C–N cross‐coupling, but also brings about opportunities for the exploitation of structurally diverse N‐aryl atropisomers and OLED materials.
In the frame: Presented here is the first organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N‐arylcarbazole frameworks by the assembly of azonaphthalenes and carbazoles. This reaction accommodates broad substrate scope and gives atropisomeric N‐arylcarbazoles in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol. This approach offers opportunities for the exploitation of structurally diverse N‐aryl atropisomers and OLED materials. CPA=chiral phosphoric acid.
Hydrogen has been hailed as a clean and sustainable alternative to finite fossil fuels in many energy systems. Water splitting is an important method for hydrogen production in high purity and large ...quantities. To accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate, it is highly necessary to develop high efficiency catalysts and to select a proper electrolyte. Herein, the performances of non‐noble metal‐based carbon composites under various pH values (acid, alkaline and neutral media) for HER in terms of catalyst synthesis, structure and molecular design are systematically discussed. A detailed analysis of the structure‐activity‐pH correlations in the HER process gives an insight on the origin of the pH‐dependence for HER, and provide guidance for future HER mechanism studies on non‐noble metal‐based carbon composites. Furthermore, this Review gives a fresh impetus to rational design of high‐performance noble‐metal‐free composites catalysts and guide researchers to employ the established electrocatalysts in proper water electrolysis technologies.
Non‐noble‐metal‐based carbon composites for electrochemical hydrogen production are summarized and the relationships between electrocatalyst structure–activity–pH are systematically discussed.
Evolutionary feature selection (FS) methods face the challenge of "curse of dimensionality" when dealing with high-dimensional data. Focusing on this challenge, this article studies a variable-size ...cooperative coevolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm (VS-CCPSO) for FS. The proposed algorithm employs the idea of "divide and conquer" in cooperative coevolutionary approach, but several new developed problem-guided operators/strategies make it more suitable for FS problems. First, a space division strategy based on the feature importance is presented, which can classify relevant features into the same subspace with a low computational cost. Following that, an adaptive adjustment mechanism of subswarm size is developed to maintain an appropriate size for each subswarm, with the purpose of saving computational cost on evaluating particles. Moreover, a particle deletion strategy based on fitness-guided binary clustering, and a particle generation strategy based on feature importance and crossover both are designed to ensure the quality of particles in the subswarms. We apply VS-CCPSO to 12 typical datasets and compare it with six state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results show that VS-CCPSO has the capability of obtaining good feature subsets, suggesting its competitiveness for tackling FS problems with high dimensionality.
An organocatalytic atroposelective strategy for accessing enantioenriched axially chiral IAN analogues was developed for the first time. A class of novel atropisomeric C2‐arylquinoline skeletons were ...synthesized with high enantiocontrol via chiral phosphoric‐acid‐catalyzed heteroannulation of in situ generated vinylidene ortho‐quinone methide (VQM) intermediates with ortho‐aminophenones. The strategy tolerated a broad substrate scope, providing a facile organocatalytic approach to IAN analogues in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this methodology was illustrated through further transformations into IAN‐type ligand and axially chiral thiourea.
An organocatalytic strategy for accessing enantioenriched axially chiral IAN analogues has been developed. A class of novel atropisomeric C2‐arylquinoline skeletons were synthesized with high enantiocontrol via chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed heteroannulation of alkynes. The synthetic utility was shown by further transformations into IAN‐type ligand and axially chiral thiourea.
In this paper, the author computes canonical connections and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections and their curvature on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups with some product structure. He defines ...algebraic Ricci solitons associated to canonical connections and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections. He classifies algebraic Ricci solitons associated to canonical connections and Kobayashi-Nomizu connections on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups with some product structure.
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