A considerable challenge in the conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels comes from the activation of CO2 to CO2.− or other intermediates, which often requires precious‐metal catalysts, high ...overpotentials, and/or electrolyte additives (e.g., ionic liquids). We report a microwave heating strategy for synthesizing a transition‐metal chalcogenide nanostructure that efficiently catalyzes CO2 electroreduction to carbon monoxide (CO). We found that the cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoneedle arrays exhibit an unprecedented current density of 212 mA cm−2 with 95.5±4.0 % CO Faraday efficiency at −1.2 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE; without iR correction). Experimental and computational studies show that the high‐curvature CdS nanostructured catalyst has a pronounced proximity effect which gives rise to large electric field enhancement, which can concentrate alkali‐metal cations resulting in the enhanced CO2 electroreduction efficiency.
The needle has landed: CdS nanostructures with sharp tips can generate large electric fields that lead to increased CO2 concentrations for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The localized electric fields are significantly enhanced when two nanoneedles are in close proximity. These advantages result in CO2 electrocatalytic reduction with a 95.5±4.0 % CO Faraday efficiency.
Although the Turing structures, or stationary reaction‐diffusion patterns, have received increasing attention in biology and chemistry, making such unusual patterns on inorganic solids is ...fundamentally challenging. We report a simple cation exchange approach to produce Turing‐type Ag2Se on CoSe2 nanobelts relied on diffusion‐driven instability. The resultant Turing‐type Ag2Se‐CoSe2 material is highly effective to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.5 % anodic energy efficiency. Electrochemical measurements show that the intrinsic OER activity correlates linearly with the length of Ag2Se‐CoSe2 interfaces, determining that such Turing‐type interfaces are more active sites for OER. Combing X‐ray absorption and computational simulations, we ascribe the excellent OER performance to the optimized adsorption energies for critical oxygen‐containing intermediates at the unconventional interfaces.
A novel Turing‐type Ag2Se‐CoSe2 structure has been synthesized, which possesses rich Ag2Se‐CoSe2 interfaces, exhibiting a 221 mV overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte with a high anodic energy efficiency of 84.5 %.
•COVID -19 cases are now confirmed in multiple countries.•Assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in infected patients.•Comorbidities are risk factors for severe compared with non-severe ...patients.•Help the health sector guide vulnerable populations and assess the risk of deterioration.
An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China; the epidemic is more widespread than initially estimated, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients and the risk of underlying diseases in severe patients compared to non-severe patients.
A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science through February 25, 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.
Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 1 576 infected patients. The results showed the most prevalent clinical symptom was fever (91.3%, 95% CI: 86–97%), followed by cough (67.7%, 95% CI: 59–76%), fatigue (51.0%, 95% CI: 34–68%) and dyspnea (30.4%, 95% CI: 21–40%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%, 95% CI: 13.0–27.2%) and diabetes (9.7%, 95% CI: 7.2–12.2%), followed by cardiovascular disease (8.4%, 95% CI: 3.8–13.8%) and respiratory system disease (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.9–2.1%). When compared between severe and non-severe patients, the pooled OR of hypertension, respiratory system disease, and cardiovascular disease were 2.36 (95% CI: 1.46–3.83), 2.46 (95% CI: 1.76–3.44) and 3.42 (95% CI: 1.88–6.22) respectively.
We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in the COVID-19 patients and found that underlying disease, including hypertension, respiratory system disease and cardiovascular disease, may be risk factors for severe patients compared with non-severe patients.
Low-density compressible materials enable various applications but are often hindered by structure-derived fatigue failure, weak elasticity with slow recovery speed and large energy dissipation. Here ...we demonstrate a carbon material with microstructure-derived super-elasticity and high fatigue resistance achieved by designing a hierarchical lamellar architecture composed of thousands of microscale arches that serve as elastic units. The obtained monolithic carbon material can rebound a steel ball in spring-like fashion with fast recovery speed (∼580 mm s
), and demonstrates complete recovery and small energy dissipation (∼0.2) in each compress-release cycle, even under 90% strain. Particularly, the material can maintain structural integrity after more than 10
cycles at 20% strain and 2.5 × 10
cycles at 50% strain. This structural material, although constructed using an intrinsically brittle carbon constituent, is simultaneously super-elastic, highly compressible and fatigue resistant to a degree even greater than that of previously reported compressible foams mainly made from more robust constituents.
We present the first results from the ongoing Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (LAGER) project, which is the largest narrowband survey for z ∼ 7 galaxies to date. Using a specially ...built narrowband filter NB964 for the superb large-area Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the NOAO/CTIO 4 m Blanco telescope, LAGER has collected 34 hr NB964 narrowband imaging data in the 3 deg2 COSMOS field. We have identified 23 Ly Emitter candidates at z = 6.9 in the central 2-deg2 region, where DECam and public COSMOS multi-band images exist. The resulting luminosity function (LF) can be described as a Schechter function modified by a significant excess at the bright end (four galaxies with LLy ∼ 1043.4 0.2 erg s−1). The number density at LLy ∼ 1043.4 0.2 erg s−1 is little changed from z = 6.6, while at fainter LLy it is substantially reduced. Overall, we see a fourfold reduction in Ly luminosity density from z = 5.7 to z = 6.9. Combined with a more modest evolution of the continuum UV luminosity density, this suggests a factor of ∼3 suppression of Ly by radiative transfer through the z ∼ 7 intergalactic medium (IGM). It indicates an IGM neutral fraction of xH i ∼ 0.4-0.6 (assuming Ly velocity offsets of 100-200 km s−1). The changing shape of the Ly LF between z 6.6 and z = 6.9 supports the hypothesis of ionized bubbles in a patchy reionization at z ∼ 7.
Cosmological simulations suggest a strong correlation between high optical-depth Ly absorbers, which arise from the intergalactic medium, and 3D mass overdensities on scales of 10-30 comoving Mpc. By ...examining the absorption spectra of ∼80,000 QSO sight lines over a volume of 0.1 Gpc3 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III), we have identified an extreme overdensity, BOSS1441, which contains a rare group of strong Ly absorbers at . This absorber group is associated with six QSOs at the same redshift on a 30 comoving Mpc scale. Using Mayall/MOSAIC narrowband and broadband imaging, we detect Ly emitters (LAEs) down to and reveal a large-scale structure of LAEs in this field. Our follow-up LBT observations have spectroscopically confirmed 20 galaxies in the density peak. We show that BOSS1441 has an LAE overdensity of 10.8 2.6 on a 15 comoving Mpc scale, which could collapse to a massive cluster with M 1015 at . This overdensity is among the most massive large-scale structures at discovered to date.
Abstract
In the pursuit of tactile sensation resembling human skin, the electronic skin (E‐skin) has long been a subject of interest and inspires the exploration of various biomimetic structures. ...Nevertheless, the exceptional functionality of living organisms arises from the synergistic interplay of multiple internal factors, i.e. the coupling enhancement effect, which has received limited attention in existing studies. Here, a tactile E‐skin featuring a multicoupled biomimetic structure that mimics three coupling elements found in the skin: Stratum spinosum, Meissner corpuscle, and Piezo2 protein, is proposed. By amalgamating their distinguishing characteristics, this bionic E‐skin surpasses the performance of conventional counterparts such as sensitivity as high as 388.5 kPa
−1
, hysteresis as low as 0.76%, and response times as short as 10 ms. Furthermore, its fabrication methodology of efficient 3D printing shows great advantages in terms of production cost and customization. Finally, the sensor is expanded to a 9 × 9 pixels array for a machine learning‐assisted intellisense system to recognize the fruits as a human does, achieving an accuracy of 91.4%. All of these prove the promising potential of this multicoupled biomimetic structure in wearable electronics, human–machine interface, soft robotics, and artificial sensing.
miRNAs contribute to plant resistance against pathogens. Previously, we found that the function of miR398b in immunity in rice differs from that in Arabidopsis. However, the underlying mechanisms are ...unclear. In this study, we characterized the mutants of miR398b target genes and demonstrated that multiple superoxide dismutase genes contribute to miR398b-regulated rice immunity against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Out of the four target genes of miR398b, mutations in Cu/Zn-Superoxidase Dismutase1 (CSD1), CSD2 and Os11g09780 (Superoxide DismutaseX, SODX) led to enhanced resistance to M. oryzae and increased hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) accumulation. By contrast, mutations in Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase (CCSD) resulted in enhanced susceptibility. Biochemical studies revealed that csd1, csd2 and sodx displayed altered expression of CSDs and other superoxide dismutase (SOD) family members, leading to increased total SOD enzyme activity that positively contributed to higher H
O
production. By contrast, the ccsd mutant showed CSD protein deletion, resulting in decreased CSD and total SOD enzyme activity. Our results demonstrate the roles of different SODs in miR398b-regulated resistance to rice blast disease, and uncover an integrative regulatory network in which miR398b boosts total SOD activity to upregulate H
O
concentration and thereby improve disease resistance.
Our purpose was to develop and evaluate the clinical outcomes of a nursing plan as a rooming‐in practice for enhanced recovery of women with preeclampsia following a cesarean section. The authors ...developed a postoperative enhanced recovery nursing plan as a rooming‐in practice for women with preeclampsia based on summarizing evidence‐based best practices. The authors used convenience sampling to select women with preeclampsia after a cesarean section from the obstetrics department of a Class A tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, as the participants in our study. There were 30 women in the experimental group. The postoperative enhanced recovery nursing care plan was formulated for five postoperative time points and incorporated management of blood pressure, temperature, and fluids, as well as monitoring of complications, pain management, activity and rest, diet management, and breastfeeding. The control group consisted of 30 women who received routine nursing care and health education. The authors compared levels of maternal self‐efficacy, breastfeeding efficacy, anxiety, pain scores, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention compliance before and after the intervention. Women in the experimental group had a self‐efficacy score of 7.5 ± 0.63, which was higher than that in the control group (5.4 ± 0.85); they had a higher breastfeeding efficacy score of 7.13 ± 0.68 when compared to the control group (4.23 ± 0.86); the anxiety score was 6.7 ± 1.62, which was lower than that in the control group (10.03 ± 1.87); and the pain score was lower at 3.26 ± 0.52 when compared to the control group (3.83 ± 0.83). All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Postoperative blood pressure was controlled within the target range, and the rate of DVT prevention compliance increased in the experimental group. The implementation of a postoperative enhanced recovery nursing intervention for women with preeclampsia as part of the rooming‐in practice was effective in helping manage the blood pressure, pain, and fluids of women with preeclampsia, improved their postoperative self‐management ability and breastfeeding efficacy, reduced their anxiety levels, improved their compliance with the prevention of related complications, and ultimately promoted enhanced postoperative recovery, thereby guaranteeing the safety of mothers and newborns.
Electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by two‐electron oxygen reduction offers a green method to mitigate the current dependence on the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process, ...promising its on‐site applications. Unfortunately, in alkaline environments, H2O2 is not stable and undergoes rapid decomposition. Making H2O2 in acidic electrolytes can prevent its decomposition, but choices of active, stable, and selective electrocatalysts are significantly limited. Here, the selective and efficient two‐electron reduction of oxygen toward H2O2 in acid by a composite catalyst that is composed of black phosphorus (BP) nailed chemically on the metallic cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) surface is reported. It is found that this catalyst exhibits a 91% Faradic efficiency for H2O2 product at an overpotential of 300 mV. Moreover, it can mediate oxygen to H2O2 with a high production rate of ≈1530 mg L−1 h−1 cm−2 in a flow‐cell reactor. Spectroscopic and computational studies together uncover a BP‐induced surface charge redistribution in CoSe2, which leads to a favorable surface electronic structure that weakens the HOO* adsorption, thus enhancing the kinetics toward H2O2 formation.
Black phosphorus chemically nailed on metallic cobalt diselenide mediates surface charge redistribution, which enables a selective and efficient two‐electron reduction of oxygen toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acid. The catalyst exhibits a 91% Faradic efficiency for H2O2 at an overpotential of 300 mV, and a high production rate of ≈1530 mg L−1 h−1 cm−2 in a flow‐cell reactor.
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