Comprehensive phenotypic profiling of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at single‐cell resolution has great importance for cancer management. Herein, a novel spectrally combined encoding ...(SCE) strategy was proposed for multiplex biomarker profiling of single CTCs using a multifunctional nanosphere‐mediated microfluidic platform. Different cellular biomarkers uniquely labeled by multifunctional nanosphere barcodes, possessing identical magnetic tags and distinct optical signatures, enabled isolation of heterogeneous CTCs with over 91.6 % efficiency and in situ SCE of phenotypes. By further trapping individual CTCs in ordered microstructures on chip, composite single‐cell spectral signatures were conveniently and efficiently obtained, allowing reliable spectral‐readout for multiplex biomarker profiling. This SCE strategy exhibited great potential in multiplex profiling of heterogeneous CTC phenotypes, offering new avenues for cancer study and precise medicine.
A spectrally combined encoding strategy was proposed for multiplex biomarker profiling of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a multifunctional nanosphere‐mediated microfluidic platform. Different cellular biomarkers simultaneously encoded with both magnetic tags and distinct optical signatures, enabled efficient isolation and in situ on‐chip spectrally combined encoding of heterogeneous CTCs at single‐cell resolution.
Rapid detection of highly contagious pathogens is the key to increasing the probability of survival and reducing infection rates. We developed a sensitive and quantitative lateral flow assay for ...detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein with a novel multifunctional nanosphere (RNs@Au) as a reporter. Each RNs@Au contains hundreds of quantum dots and dozens of Au nanoparticles and can achieve enhanced dual-signal readout (fluorescence signal for quantitative detection and colorimetric signal for visual detection). Antibody (Ab) and streptavidin (SA) were simultaneously modified onto the RNs@Au to label the target and act as signal enhancer. After the target was labeled by the Ab-RNs@Au-SA and captured on the test line, biotin-modified RNs@Au was used to amplify the dual signal by the reaction of SA with biotin. The assay enables naked-eye detection of 2 ng/mL glycoprotein within 20 min, and the quantitative detection limit is 0.18 ng/mL. Additionally, the assay has been successfully tested in field work for detecting EBOV in spiked urine, plasma, and tap water samples and is thus a promising candidate for early diagnosis of suspect infections in EBOV-stricken areas.
In this paper we aimed to systematically review the literature on physical activity's effect on depressive symptoms in Parkinson disease.
Depression is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease and is ...associated with increased disability, rapid progression of motor symptoms, mortality, and adverse effects on Quality of Life.
A systematic review of primary research was undertaken and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.
Databases Scopus, Psycho-info, CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest Cochrance were searched from January 2006 to June 2017. The language was restricted to English.
Abstracts were screened and reviewed against the eligibility criteria (participants' mean age were ≥ 60 with PD, PA interventions, depression as one of outcome variables, and Randomized Control Trail or quasi-experimental design). Two reviewers appraised the quality of the data extracted. The modified Jadad scale assessed the quality of the methodology of the published papers.
The database search yielded 769 abstracts, 11 of which were included in this review and awarded scores ranging from 3 to 8 (Scale scores range from 0 to 8 points, higher scores indicated better quality) by the raters. These 11 studies included 342 patients and executed 17 kinds of physical activity programs. Results of this review show empirical evidence to support the efficacy of physical activity for the population with Parkinson's disease. Aerobic training exercise significantly improved the participants' scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Quality of Life of the patients. Qigong improved scores in UPDRS-III and decreased incidences of multiple non-motor symptoms and depression. Furthermore, a balance-training program, such as Tai Chi, can improve postural stability and Quality of Life.
Physical activity may assuage the degeneration of motor skills and depression as well as increase the Quality of Life of Parkinson's disease patients, with aerobic training producing the best results. These findings suggest that physical activity, notably aerobic training, could be a good exercise strategy for patients with Parkinson's disease.
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are responsible for sensing and transducing signals to regulate various cellular functions and signaling events. S-nitrosylation (SNO) is one of the ...most important and universal PTMs. With the avalanche of protein sequences generated in the post-genomic age, it is highly desired to develop computational methods for timely identifying the exact SNO sites in proteins because this kind of information is very useful for both basic research and drug development. Here, a new predictor, called iSNO-PseAAC, was developed for identifying the SNO sites in proteins by incorporating the position-specific amino acid propensity (PSAAP) into the general form of pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC). The predictor was implemented using the conditional random field (CRF) algorithm. As a demonstration, a benchmark dataset was constructed that contains 731 SNO sites and 810 non-SNO sites. To reduce the homology bias, none of these sites were derived from the proteins that had Formula: see text pairwise sequence identity to any other. It was observed that the overall cross-validation success rate achieved by iSNO-PseAAC in identifying nitrosylated proteins on an independent dataset was over 90%, indicating that the new predictor is quite promising. Furthermore, a user-friendly web-server for iSNO-PseAAC was established at http://app.aporc.org/iSNO-PseAAC/, by which users can easily obtain the desired results without the need to follow the mathematical equations involved during the process of developing the prediction method. It is anticipated that iSNO-PseAAC may become a useful high throughput tool for identifying the SNO sites, or at the very least play a complementary role to the existing methods in this area.
This paper presents a comprehensive study of deep correlation features on image style classification. Inspired by that, correlation between feature maps can effectively describe image texture, and we ...design various correlations and transform them into style vectors, and investigate classification performance brought by different variants. In addition to intralayer correlation, interlayer correlation is proposed as well, and its effectiveness is verified. After showing the effectiveness of deep correlation features, we further propose a learning framework to automatically learn correlations between feature maps. Through extensive experiments on image style classification and artist classification, we demonstrate that the proposed learnt deep correlation features outperform several variants of convolutional neural network features by a large margin, and achieve the state-of-the-art performance.
The reliable differentiation between bacterial infections and other pathologies is crucial for both diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. To accommodate such needs, we herein report the development ...of an activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe
1
that could be applied in the ultrafast, ultrasensitive and specific detection of nitroreductase (NTR) activity in bacterial pathogens both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Upon reaction with NTR, the nitro-group of the
para
-nitro phenyl sulfonic moiety present in probe
1
was reduced to an amino-group, resulting in a near-infrared fluorescence turn-on of the latent cyanine 7 fluorophore. Probe
1
was capable of rapid and real-time quantitative detection of 0-150 ng mL
−1
NTR with a limit of detection as low as 0.67 ng mL
−1
in vitro
. In addition, probe
1
exhibited an outstanding performance of ultrafast measurements and suitable selectivity toward NTR to accurately sense intracellular basal NTR in ESKAPE bacterial pathogens. Most remarkably, probe
1
was capable of noninvasively identifying bacterial infection sites without showing any significantly increased signal of tumour sites in the same animal within 30 min.
A new nitroreductase-responsive near-infrared fluorogenic probe can specifically image live bacteria in mouse models and does not accumulate at sites of inflammation or tumor.
Many-body entanglement is often created through the system evolution, aided by nonlinear interactions between the constituting particles. These very dynamics, however, can also lead to fluctuations ...and degradation of the entanglement if the interactions cannot be controlled. Here, we demonstrate near-deterministic generation of an entangled twin-Fock condensate of ~11,000 atoms by driving a rubidium-87 Bose-Einstein condensate undergoing spin mixing through two consecutive quantum phase transitions (QPTs). We directly observe number squeezing of 10.7 ± 0.6 decibels and normalized collective spin length of 0.99 ± 0.01. Together, these observations allow us to infer an entanglement-enhanced phase sensitivity of ~6 decibels beyond the standard quantum limit and an entanglement breadth of ~910 atoms. Our work highlights the power of generating large-scale useful entanglement by taking advantage of the different entanglement landscapes separated by QPTs.
The gastrointestinal tract is known as the largest endocrine organ that encounters and integrates various immune stimulations and neuronal responses due to constant environmental challenges. ...Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which function as chemosensors on the gut epithelium, are known to translate environmental cues into serotonin (5-HT) production, contributing to intestinal physiology. However, how immune signals participate in gut sensation and neuroendocrine response remains unclear. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) acts as an alarmin cytokine by alerting the system of potential environmental stresses. We here demonstrate that IL-33 induced instantaneous peristaltic movement and facilitated Trichuris muris expulsion. We found that IL-33 could be sensed by EC cells, inducing release of 5-HT. IL-33-mediated 5-HT release activated enteric neurons, subsequently promoting gut motility. Mechanistically, IL-33 triggered calcium influx via a non-canonical signaling pathway specifically in EC cells to induce 5-HT secretion. Our data establish an immune-neuroendocrine axis in calibrating rapid 5-HT release for intestinal homeostasis.
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•IL-33-ST2 signaling regulates gut motility and intestinal host defense•Enterochromaffin (EC) cell-derived ST2 responds to IL-33 for 5-HT release•TRPA1 is required for IL-33-mediated 5-HT release•IL-33 induces PLC-γ1 activation for 5-HT release in both mouse and human EC cells
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells are known to act as chemosensors on the gut epithelium, translating environmental cues into serotonin (5-HT) production. Chen et al. demonstrate that an alarmin cytokine IL-33 could be sensed by EC cells, inducing release of 5-HT, regulating intestinal homeostasis and host defense.
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•Fe(III)-based MOF was firstly applied to the photocatalytic reduction reaction.•MIL-53(Fe) exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic activity for reduction of Cr(VI).•A first ...systematic study of the Fe(III)-based MOF as bifunctional photocatalyst.•Dyes and Cr(VI) could be also converted simultaneously over MIL-53(Fe).•MIL-53(Fe) was performed a stable and reusable visible-light-driven photocatalyst.
A bifunctional photocatalyst-Fe-benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-53(Fe)) has been synthesized successfully via a facile solvothermal method. The resulting MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst exhibited an excellent visible light (λ≥ 420nm) photocatalytic activity for the reduction of Cr(VI), the reduction rate have reached about 100% after 40min of visible light irradiation, which has been more efficient than that of N-doped TiO2 (85%) under identical experimental conditions. Further experimental results have revealed that the photocatalytic activity of MIL-53(Fe) for the reduction of Cr(VI) can be drastically affected by the pH value of the reaction solution, the hole scavenger and atmosphere. Moreover, MIL-53(Fe) has exhibited considerable photocatalytic activity in the mixed systems (Cr(VI)/dyes). After 6h of visible light illumination, the reduction ratio of Cr(VI) and the degradation ratio of dyes have been exceed 60% and 80%, respectively. More significantly, the synergistic effect can also be found during the process of photocatalytic treatment of Cr(VI) contained wastewater under the same photocatalytic reaction conditions, which makes it a potential candidate for environmental restoration. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism has also been investigated in detail.
Vesicle exocytosis releases content to mediate many biological events, including synaptic transmission essential for brain functions. Following exocytosis, endocytosis is initiated to retrieve ...exocytosed vesicles within seconds to minutes. Decades of studies in secretory cells reveal three exocytosis modes coupled to three endocytosis modes: (a) full-collapse fusion, in which vesicles collapse into the plasma membrane, followed by classical endocytosis involving membrane invagination and vesicle reformation; (b) kiss-and-run, in which the fusion pore opens and closes; and (c) compound exocytosis, which involves exocytosis of giant vesicles formed via vesicle-vesicle fusion, followed by bulk endocytosis that retrieves giant vesicles. Here we review these exo- and endocytosis modes and their roles in regulating quantal size and synaptic strength, generating synaptic plasticity, maintaining exocytosis, and clearing release sites for vesicle replenishment. Furthermore, we highlight recent progress in understanding how vesicle endocytosis is initiated and is thus coupled to exocytosis. The emerging model is that calcium influx via voltage-dependent calcium channels at the calcium microdomain triggers endocytosis and controls endocytosis rate; calmodulin and synaptotagmin are the calcium sensors; and the exocytosis machinery, including SNARE proteins (synaptobrevin, SNAP25, and syntaxin), is needed to coinitiate endocytosis, likely to control the amount of endocytosis.
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