Objective Successful prognosis is crucial for the management and treatment of osteosarcoma (OSC). This study aimed to predict the cancer-specific survival rate in patients with OSC using deep ...learning algorithms and classical Cox proportional hazard models to provide data to support individualized treatment of patients with OSC. Methods Data on patients diagnosed with OSC from 2004 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The study sample was then divided randomly into a training cohort and a validation cohort in the proportion of 7:3. The DeepSurv algorithm and the Cox proportional hazard model were chosen to construct prognostic models for patients with OSC. The prediction efficacy of the model was estimated using the concordance index (C-index), the integrated Brier score (IBS), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (SME). Results A total of 3218 patients were randomized into training and validation groups (n = 2252 and 966, respectively). Both DeepSurv and Cox models had better efficacy in predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in OSC patients (C-index >0.74). In the validation of other metrics, DeepSurv did not have superiority over the Cox model in predicting survival in OSC patients. Conclusions After validation, our CSS prediction model for patients with OSC based on the DeepSurv algorithm demonstrated satisfactory prediction efficacy and provided a convenient webpage calculator.
Abstract This study aimed to assess the current status and changing trends of the disease burden of stroke and its subtypes due to low dietary fiber intake in China from 1990 to 2019. In cases of ...stroke and its subtypes attributable to low dietary fiber, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR), and percentage change were used to assess disease burden. Data were obtained from the 2019 global burden of disease study. Trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis. Between 1990 and 2019, there was a declining trend in stroke and its subtypes, ASDR and ASMR, as well as the corresponding number of deaths and DALYs, due to low dietary fiber intake in China. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SH) showed the greatest decrease, followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (IH) and ischemic stroke (IS). Local drift curves showed a U-shaped distribution of stroke, IS, and IH DALYs across the whole group and sex-based groups. For mortality, the overall and male trends were similar to those for DALYs, whereas female stroke, IH, and IS showed an upward trend. The DALYs for stroke and IH showed a clear bimodal distribution, IS showed an increasing risk with age. For mortality, the SH subtype showed a decreasing trend, whereas other subtypes showed an increasing risk with age. Both the period and cohort rates of stroke DALYs and motality due to low dietary fiber have declined. Males had a higher risk of DALYs and mortality associated with low fiber levels. The burden of stroke and its subtypes associated with a low-fiber diet in China has been declining over the past 30 years, with different patterns of change for different stroke subtypes and a higher burden for males, highlighting the differential impact of fiber intake on stroke and its subtypes.
Abstract
Accurate prognostic prediction is crucial for treatment decision-making in lung papillary adenocarcinoma (LPADC). The aim of this study was to predict cancer-specific survival in LPADC using ...ensemble machine learning and classical Cox regression models. Moreover, models were evaluated to provide recommendations based on quantitative data for personalized treatment of LPADC. Data of patients diagnosed with LPADC (2004–2018) were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The set of samples was randomly divided into the training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Three ensemble models were selected, namely gradient boosting survival (GBS), random survival forest (RSF), and extra survival trees (EST). In addition, Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) regression was used to construct the prognostic models. The Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), integrated Brier score (IBS), and area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (time-dependent AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the predictive models. A user-friendly web access panel was provided to easily evaluate the model for the prediction of survival and treatment recommendations. A total of 3615 patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts (n = 2530 and 1085, respectively). The extra survival trees, RSF, GBS, and CoxPH models showed good discriminative ability and calibration in both the training and validation cohorts (mean of time-dependent AUC: > 0.84 and > 0.82; C-index: > 0.79 and > 0.77; IBS: < 0.16 and < 0.17, respectively). The RSF and GBS models were more consistent than the CoxPH model in predicting long-term survival. We implemented the developed models as web applications for deployment into clinical practice (accessible through
https://shinyshine-820-lpaprediction-model-z3ubbu.streamlit.app/
). All four prognostic models showed good discriminative ability and calibration. The RSF and GBS models exhibited the highest effectiveness among all models in predicting the long-term cancer-specific survival of patients with LPADC. This approach may facilitate the development of personalized treatment plans and prediction of prognosis for LPADC.
Alternative splicing (AS) events associated with oncogenic processes present anomalous perturbations in many cancers, including ovarian carcinoma. There are no reliable features to predict survival ...outcomes for ovarian cancer patients. In this study, comprehensive profiling of AS events was conducted by integrating AS data and clinical information of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV). Survival-related AS events were identified by Univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to construct the prognostic signatures within each AS type. Furthermore, we established a splicing-related network to reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms between splicing factors and candidate AS events. A total of 730 AS events were identified as survival-associated splicing events, and the final prognostic signature based on all seven types of AS events could serve as an independent prognostic indicator and had powerful efficiency in distinguishing patient outcomes. In addition, survival-related AS events might be involved in tumor-related pathways including base excision repair and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, and some splicing factors might be correlated with prognosis-related AS events, including SPEN, SF3B5, RNPC3, LUC7L3, SRSF11 and PRPF38B. Our study constructs an independent prognostic signature for predicting ovarian cancer patients' survival outcome and contributes to elucidating the underlying mechanism of AS in tumor development.
Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine system malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence in China. Epidemiological data on TC at the national level are lacking. This study ...aimed to quantify the TC disease burden in China between 1990 and 2019 and evaluate the current status and trends of the disease burden attributed to a high body mass index (HBMI).
Methods
The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study dataset was used to explore the TC disease burden. Age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), deaths (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were considered and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated as a measure of the average change in age-standardized rates. The trend in TC-related mortality and DALYs attributed to an HBMI, accounting for different age groups and sexes, was examined.
Results
Between 1990 and 2019, the ASDR and DALYs for TC decreased by 0.02/100000 and 1.17/100000, respectively. The ASPR and ASIR increased by 9.88/100000 and 1.04/100000, respectively. The EAPC for ASDR, age-standardized rates of DALYs, ASPR, and ASIR were 0.06 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.21), -0.20 (95% CI: -0.31, -0.10), 3.52 (95% CI: 3.35, 3.68), and 2.73 (95% CI: 2.58, 2.88), respectively. TC-related deaths, DALYs, and their prevalence and incidence in China increased by 118%, 350%, 81%, and 290%, respectively. The disease burden of TC was higher among male than female patients in different age groups, with varying distributions. The disease burden attributed to HBMI gradually increased over the past 30 years according to age-standardized DALYs, particularly in male patients.
Conclusion
The TC burden has increased in China over the past 30 years, and population aging poses a challenge to TC prevention and control. HBMI has become an important factor in the TC disease burden and further research should focus on reducing the disease burden among Chinese male patients with TC.
Background
Complete resection of the tumor and the ipsilateral thyroid lobe at the primary surgery is the “gold standard” for the treatment of parathyroid carcinoma (PC). However, differences in the ...overall survival (OS) of patients with PC who underwent partial and total surgical resection remain to be determined.
Methods
Data on patients with PC who underwent partial and total surgical resection were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2018). The X-tile software (
https://medicine.yale.edu/lab/rimm/research/software/
) was used to define the optimal cut-off values for continuous variables. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to reduce the selection bias. IPTW-adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the OS of patients with PC in the partial and total surgical resection groups.
Results
A total of 334 patients with PC were included in this study (183 and 151 in the partial and total surgical resection groups, respectively). The optimal cut-off values for age at diagnosis were 53 and 73 years, respectively, while that for tumor size was 34 mm. In both the Kaplan–Meier analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis before IPTW, the difference in OS between the partial and total surgical resection groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). These findings were confirmed in the IPTW-adjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (p>0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that total surgical resection was beneficial for OS only in the subgroup with unknown tumor size.
Conclusion
There was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients who underwent partial and total surgical resection. This finding may provide a useful reference for the treatment of PC.
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•Low and high selenium affected the secretion of cytokines and impaired the immune function of spleen.•Effects of dietary selenium on the proteome of spleen was revealed for the first ...time.•Some important proteins related to immune cell function and immune diseases were affected by dietary selenium.
The effects of selenium on serum cytokines, immune cell composition and spleen proteome in mice are still unclear. In this study, male mice were fed with selenium-containing diets for eight weeks, and serum cytokines were assayed using Luminex liquid suspension chip. The spleen was obtained for histological morphology, immunohistochemistry and proteome sequencing. The results indicated that the spleen index and histological structure of the spleen were reduced and damaged with low and high selenium. Serum cytokines were regulated by selenium. Additionally, compared with medium selenium, there were 180 and 189 differential proteins with high and low selenium, respectively. The differential proteins were mainly associated with metabolic processes, regulation of response to oxidative stress, cell maturation and differentiation, cytokines and receptor binding, and were verified using Western blotting. In conclusion, it was suggested that low and high selenium affected the secretion of cytokines and impaired the immune function of the spleen.
Background The burden of ischemic stroke (IS) linked to high consumption of red meat is on the rise. This study aimed to analyze the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trends for IS ...attributed to high red meat intake in China between 1990 and 2019 and to compare these trends with global trends. Methods This study extracted data on IS attributed to diets high in red meat in China from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database. Key measures, including mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR), were used to estimate the disease burden. The estimated annual percentage change and joinpoint regression models were employed to assess the trends over time. An age-period-cohort analysis was used to assess the contribution of a diet high in red meat to the age, period, and cohort effects of IS ASMR and ASDR. Results Between 1990 and 2019, deaths and DALYs from IS attributed to a diet high in red meat in China, along with corresponding age-standardized rates, significantly increased. The overall estimated annual percentage change for the total population and across sex categories ranged from 1.01 to 2.08. The average annual percentage changes for overall ASDR and ASMR were 1.4 and 1.33, respectively, with male ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes at 1.69 and 1.69, respectively. Contrastingly, female ASDR and ASMR average annual percentage changes were 1.07 and 0.87, respectively. Except for a few periods of significant decrease in females, all other periods indicated a significant increase or nonsignificant changes. Incidence of IS linked to a diet high in red meat rose sharply with age, displaying increasing period and cohort effects in ASDR. Female ASMR period and cohort effect ratios initially increased and then decreased, whereas the male ratio showed an upward trend. Conclusion This study comprehensively analyzed epidemiological characteristics that indicated a marked increase in mortality and DALYs from IS attributable to high red meat consumption, contrasting with a global downtrend. This increase was more pronounced in males than females. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing IS prevention in China.
The administration of mRNA-based tumour vaccines is considered a promising strategy in tumour immunotherapy, although its application against kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still at its ...infancy stage. The purpose of this study was to identify potential antigens and to further select suitable patients for vaccination. Gene expression data and clinical information were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. GEPIA2 was used to evaluate the prognostic value of selected antigens. The relationship of antigens presenting cell infiltration with antigen expression was evaluated by TIMER, and immune subtypes were determined using unsupervised cluster analysis. Tumour antigens LRP2 and DOCK8, which are associated with prognosis and tumour-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells, were identified in KIRC. A total of six immune subtypes were identified, and patients with immune subtype 1-4 (IS1-4) tumours had an immune 'cold' phenotype, a higher tumour mutation burden, and poor survival. Moreover, these immune subtypes showed significant differences in the expression of immune checkpoint and immunogenic cell death modulators. Finally, the immune landscape of KIRC revealed the immune-related cell components in individual patients. This study suggests that LRP2 and DOCK8 are potential KIRC antigens in the development of mRNA vaccines, and patients with immune subtypes IS1-4 are suitable for vaccination.
ObjectiveSuccessful prognosis is crucial for the management and treatment of osteosarcoma (OSC). This study aimed to predict the cancer-specific survival rate in patients with OSC using deep learning ...algorithms and classical Cox proportional hazard models to provide data to support individualized treatment of patients with OSC.MethodsData on patients diagnosed with OSC from 2004 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The study sample was then divided randomly into a training cohort and a validation cohort in the proportion of 7:3. The DeepSurv algorithm and the Cox proportional hazard model were chosen to construct prognostic models for patients with OSC. The prediction efficacy of the model was estimated using the concordance index (C-index), the integrated Brier score (IBS), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (SME).ResultsA total of 3218 patients were randomized into training and validation groups (n = 2252 and 966, respectively). Both DeepSurv and Cox models had better efficacy in predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in OSC patients (C-index >0.74). In the validation of other metrics, DeepSurv did not have superiority over the Cox model in predicting survival in OSC patients.ConclusionsAfter validation, our CSS prediction model for patients with OSC based on the DeepSurv algorithm demonstrated satisfactory prediction efficacy and provided a convenient webpage calculator.
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