Single atom nanozymes are the artificial enzymes with enzyme-like activity, which have attracted a great deal attention in recent years due to their unique merits such as remarkable stability, ...excellent atom utilization and low cost. Herein, a convenient and sensitive colorimetric strategy was developed for the sensing of galactose based on Fe–N–C single-atom nanozyme (Fe-SAzyme). The Fe-SAzyme was prepared through “isolation-pyrolysis” method that exhibited intrinsic peroxidase mimicking activity, which can quickly catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce blue-colored oxTMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Galactose can be oxidized by galactose oxidase (Gal Ox) to generate H2O2, and Fe-SAzyme can be utilized for quantitative colorimetric detection of galactose. A good linearity between absorbance and the galactose concentration in the range of 50–500 μM was obtained with a detection limit of (LOD) 10 μM. The Fe-SAzyme based colorimetric strategy offered a rapid, convenient and economic way for galactose quantification detection, which could be used as an alternative method for galactosemia diagnosis.
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•The Fe-SAzyme was synthesized by low-cost precursors and simple procedure.•The Fe-SAzyme displayed high stability and excellent peroxidase-like activity.•A convenient and economic colorimetric detection method for H2O2 and galactose has been successfully established.•This proposed strategy exhibited satisfactory performance for galactose assay in human serum samples.
This paper focuses on establishing an effective predictive model to quickly and accurately alert hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia for helping control blood glucose levels of people with diabetes. In ...general, a good predictive model is established on the features of data. Inspired by this, we first analyze the characteristics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data by the equality of variances test and outlier detection, which show time-varying fluctuations and jump points in CGM data. Therefore, we incorporate the change detection method and the Winsorization method into the predictive model based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and the recursive least squares (RLS) method to fit the above characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to give a solution for matching the time-varying fluctuations and jump points of CGM data simultaneously. A case study using CGM data is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under 30-min-ahead prediction. The results show that the proposed method can improve the true alarm ratio of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 0.7983 to 0.8783, and lengthen the average advance detection time of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 19.77 to 22.64 min.
Graphical abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of curcumin on laying performance, egg quality, biochemical indicators, hormone levels, and immune activity in hens under heat stress. Hy-Line brown ...hens (280-day-old) were fed with 0, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of curcumin during a 42-D experiment. Compared with the control treatment, supplementation with 150 mg/kg of curcumin improved laying performance and egg quality by significantly increasing egg production, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength (P < 0.01), and albumen height (P < 0.05) while decreasing the feed-to-egg ratio. Antioxidant activity was improved by significantly increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase but decreasing malondialdehyde levels in serum (P < 0.05) and significantly increasing the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, IgG, IgA, and complement C3 activity in serum (P < 0.05). These results indicated that supplemental 150 mg/kg curcumin can improve productive performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune function in laying hens under the heat stress conditions applied in the present study.
As the construction of smart grids is in full swing, the number of secondary equipment is also increasing, resulting in an explosive growth of power big data, which is related to the safe and stable ...operation of power systems. During the operation of the secondary equipment, a large amount of short text data of faults and defects are accumulated, and they are often manually recorded by transportation inspection personnel to complete the classification of defects. Therefore, an automatic text classification based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topic model is used to mine the global features. At the same time, the word2vec word vector model is used to mine the contextual semantic features of words. Then, the improved LDA topic word vector and word2vec word vector are combined to absorb their respective advantages and utilizations. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the model is verified using actual operational data from the northwest power grid as case study.
Objective
The pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv9) is one of the most common structural balanced chromosomal variations, and it is considered to be a normal population variant. The aim of ...this study was to re-evaluate the clinical impact of patients with inv9.
Methods
We studied the karyotypes from 4853 patients at a single center and retrospectively reviewed their clinical data.
Results
There were 67 inv9 patients among 2988 adults, and 62 of them showed different clinical features, including male and female infertility, oligoasthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Thirty-one cases of inv9 were found in 1865 fetuses, including two cases in chorionic villus (6.90%) and 29 in amniotic fluid (1.67%), but there were no cases in umbilical cord blood. The rates of fetal phenotype abnormal and adverse pregnancy outcome with inv9 in the chorionic villus were 100.00% (2/2), while only 17.24% (5/29) in the amniotic fluid showed abnormalities, among which 60.00% (3/5) had adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusions
Although there is no clear evidence that inv9 is pathogenic, the genetic counseling on inv9 in early pregnancy and adults needs to be given more attention.
Purpose
Oxaliplatin and satraplatin demonstrate activity against cisplatin-resistant tumor cells. Although the two platinum analogs are structurally-related, oxaliplatin is more active. Therefore, ...studies focusing on protein expression profiling were undertaken to identify the molecular mechanism for the difference in antitumor activity.
Methods
We included cisplatin as reference and DAP as a Pt(IV)-prodrug of oxaliplatin to offset Pt(IV) status of satraplatin, and utilized A2780, cisplatin-resistant 2780CP/Cl-16, U2OS, and HCT-116 tumor cells in the investigation. Protein expressions following drug exposures were examined by reverse-phase protein array and ingenuity pathway analysis. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity by growth inhibition assay, and homologous recombination (HR) by a GFP reporter assay.
Results
Clustering analysis paired oxaliplatin with DAP and, surprisingly, satraplatin with cisplatin. This correlated with differential upregulation of p53/p21 pathway, with S and G2/M arrests by cisplatin and satraplatin in contrast to G1 arrest by oxaliplatin and DAP. Moreover, Rad51 and BRCA1 were severely downregulated by oxaliplatin and DAP, but not cisplatin and satraplatin. As a result, HR was inhibited only by oxaliplatin and DAP and this also contributed to their greater drug activity over cisplatin and satraplatin.
Conclusions
Oxaliplatin and DAP robustly activate p53 and p21, which downregulate HR proteins to enhance drug activity. More significantly, since oxaliplatin induces a BRCAness state, it may have potential against BRCA-proficient cancers. Satraplatin, on the other hand, resembled cisplatin in its protein expression profile, which indicates that small changes in chemical structure can substantially alter signal transduction pathways to modulate drug activity.
Taiwan rivers are characterized by extremely rapid mass wasting and sediment transfer due to active tectonics and frequent typhoons. Various methods have been applied to constrain processes affecting ...their sediment source-to-sink routing. In most cases, the sediment at the outlet is considered to be a representative average of the whole upstream basin due to the short sediment routes (<200 km). However, this assumption may be inappropriate because huge compositional heterogeneity can exist even within such small dynamic river systems. To reveal their intra-station and basin-wide geochemical heterogeneity, we collected sediment samples along the Zhuoshui and Liwu Rivers in Taiwan. Multiple samples deposited in different locations or with different grain-sizes were collected at each station, and the <63 μm fractions were measured for their elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. Elemental ratios and dimension-reducing technique were firstly applied to discriminate the sediment provenances. They show that the large elemental heterogeneity exists between samples at the same station and also between stations along each river, explainable by variable sediment mixing and local lithological heterogeneity. When combining our Sr–Nd isotopic data with literature data from Taiwan rivers, five discrete clusters of river sediments can be distinguished, reflecting the inter-catchment heterogeneity of sediment provenance in Taiwan Island. We also applied a Sr–Nd isotopic mixing model coupled with Monte-Carlo simulations to quantify the provenance heterogeneity in both rivers. The sediment contribution of the Western Foothills/Tailuko Belt to the Zhuoshui/Liwu downstream can vary by a factor of ∼2 between sediment samples that were considered as spatial or temporal replicates. Combined with field in-situ observations, we propose that fast-changing sediment transport modes cause the provenance heterogeneity in small dynamic mountainous rivers attacked by frequent heavy storms or typhoons. Sediments transported during different events and with different provenances can be preserved at each station, which leads to the intra-station and basin-wide geochemical heterogeneity. This study shows that “small” dynamic mountainous rivers can exhibit “large” geochemical and provenance heterogeneity over multi-spatial scales, and thus the common assumption that “let nature do the averaging” should be treated cautiously in this kind of river. Therefore, we propose several effective sediment sampling approaches on small mountainous rivers for reference. Future studies relying on detrital sediments, e.g. applying cosmogenic nuclides or Li isotopes, should also be aware of the heterogeneous nature in small mountainous rivers, because fast-changing provenances can simultaneously bias the weathering and erosion signals and lead to unrepresentative results.
•Distinct spatial geochemical heterogeneity occurs in Taiwan SMRs.•Intra-station, basin-wide and inter-catchment provenance variability in Taiwan SMRs.•Sr–Nd isotopic mixing model quantitatively discriminates sediment provenances.•Rapidly changing sediment transport modes cause spatial provenance heterogeneity.
Conventional ship mooring in ports has many shortcomings such as a high safety risk, low efficiency and high labor intensity. In order to explore and develop the theory and key technologies of ...intelligent automatic mooring systems, this paper takes an intelligent mooring system based on a parallel anti-rolling mechanism as the research and development object. A new mooring method integrating ship hydrodynamics, mechanism kinematics and intelligent algorithms is proposed. Through numerical simulation and comparative analysis of the model, the motion inhibition effect of mooring ships under different working conditions is obtained. The results show that the control strategy and intelligent algorithm of the system can realize the active control of the wharf mooring ships and achieve the goal of improving wharf stability conditions through an intelligent mooring system.
Dysfunctionality of the p53 tumor suppressor is a major cause of therapeutic drug resistance in cancer. Recently, we reported that mutant, but otherwise functional, p53
was inactivated in ...cisplatin-resistant 2780CP/Cl-16 and 2780CP/Cl-24 human ovarian tumor cells by increased recruitment of the inhibitor MDM4. The current study demonstrates that, unlike cisplatin, platinum analogues oxaliplatin and DACH-diacetato-dichloro-Pt(IV) (DAP) strongly stabilize and activate p53
in resistant cells, as indicated by prolonged p53 half-life and transactivation of targets p21 (CDKN1A) and MDM2. This increase in MDM2 reduced MDM4 levels in cell lysates as well as the p53 immunocomplex and prevented reversion of p53 to the inactive p53-MDM2-MDM4-bound state. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 was demonstrated by all three drugs in sensitive A2780 and corresponding resistant 2780CP/Cl-16 and 2780CP/Cl-24 cell lines. However, cisplatin induced Ser20 phosphorylation in A2780 cells only, but not in resistant cells; in contrast, both DAP and oxaliplatin induced this phosphorylation in all three cell lines. The inference that Ser20 phosphorylation is more important for p53 activation was confirmed by ectopic expression of a phosphomimetic (S20D) mutant p53 that displayed reduced binding, relative to wild-type p53, to both MDM2 and MDM4 in p53-knockout A2780 cells. In consonance, temporal studies demonstrated drug-induced Ser15 phosphorylation coincided with p53 stabilization, whereas Ser20 phosphorylation coincided with p53 transactivation.
Cisplatin fails to activate the pathway involved in phosphorylating mutant p53
at Ser20 in resistant cells, but this phosphorylation is restored by oxaliplatin and DAP that reactivates p53 function and circumvents cisplatin resistance.
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Affected by the underground soil environment, buried cast iron pipelines are subject to corrosion during their long-term service, resulting in damage accumulation to the pipe wall and the eventual ...fracture failure of pipes. This paper aims to propose a probabilistic method to quantitively assess the time-dependent reliability of fracture failure of corroded cast iron pipes. A Gamma-based corrosion process of the pipe wall is derived according to the reported corrosion models. The first-order reliability method and the Monte Carlo simulation are used to cross-validate and conduct the time-dependent reliability analysis based on the fracture failure criterion. Furthermore, uncertain physical parameters of the pipes are updated by the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm based on the regional historical data of failed pipes, and lifetime predictions of buried cast iron pipelines are then obtained. A worked example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method. It is found that the Gamma process can well simulate the corrosion process hence can be employed to calculate the probability of pipe fracture failure. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the pipe internal water pressure, the fracture toughness, and the geometry of corrosion pits are the most influential parameters to the probability of fracture failure. It is also found that the predicted lifetime of corroded cast iron pipes in the worked example decreases from 110 to 85 years after the Bayesian updating.
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