We propose and demonstrate a tunable and switchable dual-wavelength ultra-fast Tm-doped fiber laser. The tunability is based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) technique in a passively ...mode-locked laser cavity. The NPE effect induces wavelength-dependent loss in the cavity to effectively alleviate mode competition and enables the multiwavelength mode locking. The laser exhibits tunable dual-wavelength mode locking over a wide range from 1852 to 1886 nm. The system has compact structure and both the wavelength tuning and switching capabilities can be realized by controlling the polarization in the fiber ring cavity.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells that have garnered considerable attention due to their critical roles in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. They are ...particularly abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, where they have been shown to interact with commensal bacteria, pathogens, and other components of the local microenvironment to influence host immune responses to infection and oncogenesis. Their tissue-residency properties enable gastric ILCs a localized and rapid response to alert and stress, which indicates their key potential in regulating immunosurveillance. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of ILCs in the gastric mucosa, with a focus on their interactions with the gastric microbiota and
and their contributions to tissue homeostasis and inflammation. We also highlight recent findings on the involvement of ILCs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the implications of targeting ILCs as a therapeutic approach. Overall, this review provides an overview of the diverse functions of ILCs in gastric mucosa and highlights their potential as targets for future therapies for gastric cancer.
Heat stress seriously threatens the growth of
. Various studies have been performed to study the resistance of
to heat stress. Here, the metabolome was evaluated to determine the response of
mycelia ...to heat stress at different times (6, 12, 24, 48 h). More than 70 differential metabolites were detected and enriched in their metabolic pathways. Dynamic metabolites changes in enrichment pathways under heat stress showed that heat stress enhanced the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides, increased the content of amino acids and vitamins, and accelerated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in
. The time course changes of
metabolites under continuous heat stress demonstrated that amino acids continuously changed with heat stress, nucleotides clearly changed with heat stress at 12 and 48 h, and lipids exhibited an increasing trend with prolonged heat stress, while few types saccharides and vitamins changed under heat stress. Additionally, heat-treated
produced salicylic acid and other stress-resistant substances that were reported in plants. This study first reported the metabolites changes in
mycelia during 48 h of heat stress. The metabolic pathways and substances that changed with heat stress in this research will aid future studies on the resistance of
and other edible fungi to heat stress.
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by vast alterations in immune responses, but the pathogenesis remains sophisticated and yet to be fully elucidated. Multiple mechanisms regulating cell ...differentiation, maturation, and death are critical, among which mitochondria-related cellular organelle functions have recently gained accumulating attention. Mitochondria, as a highly preserved organelle in eukaryotes, have crucial roles in the cellular response to both exogenous and endogenous stress beyond their fundamental functions in chemical energy conversion. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the function of mitochondria in the innate immune response and its aberrancy in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc., mainly focusing on its direct impact on cellular metabolism and its machinery on regulating immune response signaling pathways. More importantly, we summarize the status quo of potential therapeutic targets found in the mitochondrial regulation in the setting of autoimmune diseases and wish to shed light on future studies.
Adverse events (AEs) are a significant concern for healthcare systems. However, it is difficult to evaluate their influence because of the complexity of various medical services. This study aimed to ...assess the influence of AEs on the outcomes of hospitalized patients using a diagnosis-related group (DRG) database. We conducted a case–control study of hospitalized patients at a multi-district tertiary hospital with 2200 beds in China, using data from a DRG database. An AE refers to an unintended physical injury caused or contributed to by medical care that requires additional hospitalization, monitoring, treatment, or even death. Relative weight (RW), a specific indicator of DRG, was used to measure the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, disease severity, and medical resources utilized. The primary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs. The secondary outcome was discharge to home. This study applied DRG-based matching, Hodges–Lehmann estimate, regression analysis, and subgroup analysis to evaluate the influence of AEs on outcomes. Two sensitivity analyses by excluding short LOS and changing adjustment factors were performed to assess the robustness of the results. We identified 2690 hospitalized patients who had been divided into 329 DRGs, including 1345 patients who experienced AEs (case group) and 1345 DRG-matched normal controls. The Hodges–Lehmann estimate and generalized linear regression analysis showed AEs led to prolonged LOS (unadjusted difference, 7 days, 95% confidence interval CI 6–8 days; adjusted difference, 8.31 days, 95% CI 7.16–9.52 days) and excess hospitalization costs (unadjusted difference, $2186.40, 95% CI: $1836.87-$2559.16; adjusted difference, $2822.67, 95% CI: $2351.25-$3334.88). Logistic regression analysis showed AEs were associated with lower odds of discharge to home (unadjusted odds ratio OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54–0.82; adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.93). The subgroup analyses showed that the results for each subgroup were largely consistent. LOS and hospitalization costs increased significantly after AEs in complex diseases (RW ≥ 2) and in relation to high degrees of harm subgroups (moderate harm and above groups). Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses. The burden of AEs, especially those related to complex diseases and severe harm, is significant in China. The DRG database serves as a valuable source of information that can be utilized for the evaluation and management of AEs.
Hydrogen, as an attractive energy carrier, is regarded as one of the best environmentally-friendly energy sources in the future. In the paper, it was reported that hydrogen was produced by 2.45 GHz ...microwave discharge in low carbon alcohol (methanol and ethanol) solution. The effects of microwave input power and concentration of alcohol solution on hydrogen production were studied. All results corresponded to the non-equilibrium plasma at reduced pressure (3000Ра). The gaseous products of microwave discharge in alcohol solution mainly included hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetylene and carbon dioxide. The flow rates of total gaseous products and hydrogen increased with the increasing of power, while that increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of concentration of alcohol solution. The percentage concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased with the increasing of power, and when the concentration of alcohol solution was 8% v/v, the percentage concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide reached a maximum value. As the power increased, the energy efficiency of hydrogen production improved significantly, and the energy efficiency of hydrogen produced from ethanol solution was higher than that from methanol solution with the same power. The energy efficiency of hydrogen production increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of concentration of alcohol solution. In the paper, the best results of flow rate of hydrogen, percentage concentration of hydrogen and energy efficiency were 401.00 mL/min, 64.55% and 137.63 NL/kWh, respectively.
Large collaborative research networks provide opportunities to jointly analyze multicenter electronic health record (EHR) data, which can improve the sample size, diversity of the study population, ...and generalizability of the results. However, there are challenges to analyzing multicenter EHR data including privacy protection, large-scale computation resource requirements, heterogeneity across sites, and correlated observations. In this paper, we propose a federated algorithm for generalized linear mixed models (Fed-GLMM), which can flexibly model multicenter longitudinal or correlated data while accounting for site-level heterogeneity. Fed-GLMM can be applied to both federated and centralized research networks to enable privacy-preserving data integration and improve computational efficiency. By communicating a limited amount of summary statistics, Fed-GLMM can achieve nearly identical results as the gold-standard method where the GLMM is directly fitted to the pooled dataset. We demonstrate the performance of Fed-GLMM in numerical experiments and an application to longitudinal EHR data from multiple healthcare facilities.
We demonstrated a widely tunable Tm-doped mode-locked all-fiber laser, with the widest tunable range of 136 nm, from 1842 to 1978 nm. Nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) technique is employed to ...enable mode-locking and the wavelength-tunable operation. The widely tunable range attributes to the NPE-induced transmission modulation and bidirectional pumping mechanism. Such kind of tunable mode-locked laser can find various applications in optical communications, spectroscopy, time-resolved measurement, and among others.
This study presents a Modified version of Chaos Grasshopper Algorithm (MCGA) as a solution to the Techno-Economic Energy Management Strategy (TEMS) problem in microgrids. Our main contribution is the ...optimization of parameters to minimize the overall daily electricity price in an integrated clean energy micro-grid, incorporating fuel cell, battery storage, and photovoltaic systems. Through comparative simulations with established methods (HOMER, GAMS, GWO, and MILPA), we demonstrate the superiority of our proposed strategy. The results reveal that MCGA surpasses these methods, yielding significantly improved optimal solutions for the overall daily electricity price. Notably, the MCGA approach exhibits high precision, flexibility, and adaptability to power prices and environmental constraints, leading to accurate and flexible solutions. Thus, our proposed approach offers a promising and effective solution for the TEMS problem in microgrids, with the potential to greatly enhance microgrid performance.
This paper expresses economic flexible–securable operation (EFSO) in smart distribution networks (SDNs), including distributed generation and storage systems to produce green energy. This is ...structured as an optimization formulation to obtain a minimum expected operation cost, constrained by optimal power flow, environmental, security, and flexibility limits. Also, mathematical expressions of power sources and storage are presented. The scheme considers uncertainties related to load, price of energy, and generation power of renewable sources. The work adopts the point estimation method (PEM)-based stochastic optimization to model the uncertainties. It also uses to evaluate the flexibility index accurately while requiring short computation time (among the objectives of power system operation). Then, the results demonstrate its capabilities in enhancing various aspects of the network, including economic, environmental, operational, security, and flexibility indicators. The design helps derive flexibility conditions of almost 100%. It improves the operating cost, energy loss, voltage deviation, amount of pollution emission, and voltage security index by approximately 23%, 29%, 47%, 51%, and 13% compared with power flow studies.
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