Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains one of the severe complications associated with diabetes mellitus. It is worthwhile to uncover the underlying mechanisms of clinical benefits of human urine‐derived ...stem cells (hUSCs) in the treatment of DN. At present, the clinical benefits associated with hUSCs in the treatment of DN remains unclear. Hence, our study aims to investigate protective effect of hUSC exosome along with microRNA‐16‐5p (miR‐16‐5p) on podocytes in DN via vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Initially, miR‐16‐5p was predicated to target VEGFA based on data retrieved from several bioinformatics databases. Notably, dual‐luciferase report gene assay provided further verification confirming the prediction. Moreover, our results demonstrated that high glucose (HG) stimulation could inhibit miR‐16‐5p and promote VEGFA in human podocytes (HPDCs). miR‐16‐5p in hUSCs was transferred through the exosome pathway to HG‐treated HPDCs. The viability and apoptosis rate of podocytes after HG treatment together with expression of the related factors were subsequently determined. The results indicated that miR‐16‐5p secreted by hUSCs could improve podocyte injury induced by HG. In addition, VEGA silencing could also ameliorate HG‐induced podocyte injury. Finally, hUSC exosomes containing overexpressed miR‐16‐5p were injected into diabetic rats via tail vein, followed by qualification of miR‐16‐5p and observation on the changes of podocytes, which revealed that overexpressed miR‐16‐5p in hUSCs conferred protective effects on HPDCs in diabetic rats. Taken together, the present study revealed that overexpressed miR‐16‐5p in hUSC exosomes could protect HPDCs induced by HG and suppress VEGFA expression and podocytic apoptosis, providing fresh insights for novel treatment of DN.
Review of hair follicle dermal cells Yang, Chao-Chun; Cotsarelis, George
Journal of dermatological science,
01/2010, Volume:
57, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract Hair follicle stem cells in the epithelial bulge are responsible for the continual regeneration of the hair follicle during cycling. The bulge cells reside in a niche composed of dermal ...cells. The dermal compartment of the hair follicle consists of the dermal papilla and dermal sheath. Interactions between hair follicle epithelial and dermal cells are necessary for hair follicle morphogenesis during development and in hair reconstitution assays. Dermal papilla and dermal sheath cells express specific markers and possess distinctive morphology and behavior in culture. These cells can induce hair follicle differentiation in epithelial cells and are required in hair reconstitution assays either in the form of intact tissue, dissociated freshly prepared cells or cultured cells. This review will focus on hair follicle dermal cells since most therapeutic efforts to date have concentrated on this aspect of the hair follicle, with the idea that enriching hair-inductive dermal cell populations and expanding their number by culture while maintaining their properties, will establish an efficient hair reconstitution assay that could eventually have therapeutic implications.
We report herein the discovery of highly potent PROTAC degraders of androgen receptor (AR), as exemplified by compound 34 (ARD-69). ARD-69 induces degradation of AR protein in AR-positive prostate ...cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ARD-69 achieves DC
values of 0.86, 0.76, and 10.4 nM in LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 AR+ prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. ARD-69 is capable of reducing the AR protein level by >95% in these prostate cancer cell lines and effectively suppressing AR-regulated gene expression. ARD-69 potently inhibits cell growth in these AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and is >100 times more potent than AR antagonists. A single dose of ARD-69 effectively reduces the level of AR protein in xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Further optimization of ARD-69 may ultimately lead to a new therapy for AR+, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Direct detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) is a challenging task due to limited materials and ambiguous structure–property relationships that lead to low distinguishability of the light ...helicities. Perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors incorporating chirality provide new opportunities in dealing with this issue. Herein, a pair of 2D chiral perovskite ferroelectrics is reported, which have enhanced CPL detection performance due to interplays among lattice, photon, charge, spin, and orbit. The chirality‐transfer‐induced chiral&polar ferroelectric phase enhances the asymmetric nature of the photoactive sublattice and achieves a switchable self‐powered detection via the bulk photovoltaic effect. The single‐crystal‐based device exhibits a CPL‐sensitive detection performance under 430 nm with an asymmetric factor of 0.20 for left‐ and right‐CPL differentiation, about two times that of the pure chiral counterparts. The enhanced CPL detection performance is ascribed to the Rashba–Dresselhaus effect that originates from the bulk inversion asymmetry and strong spin–orbit coupling, shown with a large Rashba coefficient, which is demonstrated by density functional theory calculation and circularly polarized light excited photoluminescence measurement. These results provide new perspectives on chiral Rashba ferroelectric semiconductors for direct CPL detection and ferroelectrics‐based chiroptics and spintronics.
A pair of 2D chiral perovskite Rashba ferroelectric semiconductors is reported. The fabricated single‐crystal device responds to circularly polarized light (CPL) under 430 nm with an anisotropy factor of 0.20 for the left‐ and right‐CPL differentiation, about two times of reported pure chiral counterparts. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the Rashba–Dresselhaus effect with a large Rashba coefficient of 0.93 eV Å.
In recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has received a lot of attentions owing to their great physical and optical properties. There are different kinds of carbon sources applied in various ...fields, however, CQDs used in the food industry have higher requirements for their safety. Therefore, it is the best way to use natural materials for preparing CQDs without the participation of chemicals. Up to now, there are many natural food products for preparing CQDs. However, food waste is often overlooked. Actually, food waste is rich in carbon sources. And the efficient utilization of food waste plays a positive role in economic benefit and environmental pollution.
Proper use of food waste as carbon source not only facilitates food safety detection but also increases byproduct value. This paper was intended to review the research progress of food waste utilization as carbon precursor and applications in food safety detection. The approaches of preparing CQDs from different sorts of food wastes, the characteristics and applications of CQDs were described in detail. Particularly the applications in food quality and safety detection including food additives, heavy metal ions were also elaborated.
Currently, food waste as carbon source could be divided into plant byproducts, animal food byproducts and food processing byproducts. Moreover, there are many applications of food waste as carbon precursor in CQDs technology to detect food additives and heavy metal ions. However, detection of pathogens and other harmful substances in food industry is rare. Last but not least, it was concluded that food waste had potential to prepare CQDs and be applied to food safety detection.
•The knowledges of carbon quantum dot technology are described.•Food waste as source in carbon quantum dot technology are reviewed.•The applications of carbon quantum dot in food industry are reviewed.•The green synthesis methods of carbon quantum dot are outlined.
Internal short-circuit is the most dangerous abusive condition for Li-ion batteries and has been the root cause for several catastrophic accidents involving Li-ion batteries in recent years. ...Large-format Li-ion batteries are particularly vulnerable to internal short-circuits because of high energy content. Nail penetration test is commonly used to study the internal short-circuits, but the test results usually have poor reproducibility and offer limited insight. In this work, a 3 D multiscale electrochemical-thermal coupled model is used to investigate the nail penetration process in a large-format Li-ion cell. A parametric study is carried out and the results reveal strong coupling of the cell thermal response and electrochemical behaviour, which is influenced substantially by key parameters including shorting resistance, nail diameter, nail thermal conductivity, and cell capacity. The present study provides some insight that will help design more reliable experimental internal short-circuit testing protocols and improve the abuse tolerance of Li-ion cells.
Currently most of food printers apply one printhead to extrude a single or a mixture of multiple materials. Such a printhead cannot control the materials distribution in a drop-on-demand way, while a ...multi-extruder printer enables the fabrication of highly attractive multi-material constructs with higher geometric complexity. In this study, the effects of extruder offset and retraction on the printing behavior were firstly optimized, followed by the preliminary tests of two methods of dual extrusion 3D printing. Method A is to create a multi-part model and assign each of them to one extruder. Method B is to create a single part model and assign different roles to each extruder. Some constructs with different inside shape were created using Method A. Product hardness and gumminess increased linearly with mashed potatoes (MP) percentage but showed no correlation with inside shape. Porous samples with special texture were printed using Method B by varying infill levels. Total printing time, firmness, hardness and gumminess increased with infill levels, and a clear discrimination was observed by principle component analysis (PCA). This suggested that dual extrusion 3D printing enables the fabrication of attractive multi-material constructs and has a potential to tailor textural properties of samples through varying infill percentage.
•A multi-extruder printer was used to print mashed potatoes/strawberry juice gel.•Extruder offset and retraction value of dual extrusion printing were optimized.•Texture modified edible parts were created by varying internal infill level.
The High-tech Industrial Development Districts (HIDDs) are technological engines for the regional economy in China. The Chinese government implemented the Torch Initiative to accelerate industrial ...agglomeration and innovation development by administratively upgrading the local HIDDs into a national list since 1989. The policy intervention emphasizes the labor and capital inputs on science and technology. The study adopts the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to understand the economic efficiency of the enlisted national HIDDs in the Yangtze River Delta. The results suggest that the average efficiency trends of the all-in-total sales, product sales and commodity sales are decreasing while that of technology sales is increasing from 2007 to 2019. In the total sales efficiency evaluation, most early-enrolled HIDDs are in the high-efficiency group whereas the newcomers are in the low-efficiency group. The Nantong HIDD has the highest efficiency, followed by Wuxi, Taizhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai ZJ, Xiaoshan, Ningbo, Suzhou IP and Jiangyin HIDDs. Huainan, Huaian, Tongling, Shanghai ZZ, Lianyungang and Suqian HIDDs rank very low in the total sales evaluation. Besides, Hangzhou, Nantong and Ningbo HIDDs rank first in the technology, product and commodity sales efficiency evaluation correspondingly. In addition, the increase of S&T labor inputs would decrease the efficiency of the product, commodity and total sales while the increase of the S&T capital inputs is as expected a facilitator to the efficiency of product, commodity and total sales. This study contributes to the discussion on the role of political intervention in technological innovation by breaking down the economic efficiency into three major parts, the efficiency of technology, product and commodity sales. The findings could help policymakers strike a balance between the human and capital inputs in regional innovation capability.
Where are the new herbicides? Qu, Ren‐Yu; He, Bo; Yang, Jing‐Fang ...
Pest management science,
June 2021, 2021-Jun, 2021-06-00, 20210601, Volume:
77, Issue:
6
Journal Article
The engineering of a series of multienzyme‐mimicking covalent organic frameworks (COFs), COF‐909‐Cu, COF‐909‐Fe, and COF‐909‐Ni, as pyroptosis inducers, remodeling the tumor microenvironment to boost ...cancer immunotherapy, is reported. Mechanistic studies reveal that these COFs can serve as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis disruptors to elevate intracellular H2O2 levels, and they not only exhibit excellent superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐mimicking activity and convert superoxide radicals (O2•−) to H2O2 to facilitate H2O2 generation, but also possess outstanding glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐mimicking activity and deplete glutathione (GSH) to alleviate the scavenging of H2O2. Meanwhile, the outstanding photothermal therapy properties of these COFs can accelerate the Fenton‐like ionization process to facilitate their chemodynamic therapy efficiency. One member, COF‐909‐Cu, can robustly induce gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis and remodel the tumor microenvironment to trigger durable antitumor immunity, thus promoting the response rate of αPD‐1 checkpoint blockade and successfully restraining tumor metastasis and recurrence.
A series of multienzyme‐mimicking covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is constructed by dispersing active sites into the COF backbone. In contrast to their corresponding bulk species, these enzyme‐mimicking COFs can serve as H2O2 homeostasis disruptors to elevate intracellular H2O2 levels, thus exhibiting excellent chemodynamic therapy and pyroptosis efficacy, favorable for boosting cancer immunotherapy.
PDF
