A newly developed polyacrylamide‐co‐methyl acrylate/spiropyran (SP) hydrogel crosslinked by SP mechanophore demonstrates multi‐stimuli‐responsive and mechanically strong properties. The hydrogels not ...only exhibit thermo‐, photo‐, and mechano‐induced color changes, but also achieve super‐strong mechanical properties (tensile stress of 1.45 MPa, tensile strain of ≈600%, and fracture energy of 7300 J m−2). Due to a reversible structural transformation between spiropyran (a ring‐close) and merocyanine (a ring‐open) states, simple exposure of the hydrogels to white light can reverse color changes and restore mechanical properties. The new design approach for a new mechanoresponsive hydrogel is easily transformative to the development of other mechanophore‐based hydrogels for sensing, imaging, and display applications.
A newly developed poly(acrylamide‐co‐methyl acrylate)/spiropyran hydrogel with multi‐stimuli‐responsive and mechanically strong properties is presented. The resulting hydrogel exhibits reversible changes in color response and mechanical properties, making it promising for sensing, imaging, and display applications.
This paper firstly proposes the EWM-TOPSIS method for evaluating the degree of integration of red culture into the Civic-Creative Education of colleges and universities, constructs the corresponding ...evaluation index system, utilizes the EWM method for the calculation of the index weights and carries out a comprehensive evaluation through the TOPSIS method. Secondly, the necessity and value performance of the integration of red culture into Civic Education is analyzed. Finally, the evaluation index system was utilized to verify the examples of red culture integrated into Civic Creation Education in colleges and universities. The results show that the weight value of revolutionary tradition education in the red culture integration into college CIC education is the highest at 0.1294, and the comprehensive evaluation results of the five colleges and universities show that School A scores the highest at 85.49 points. This shows that the integration of red culture into college CIC education needs to focus on the educational purpose and educational context so as to promote the better integration of red culture into college CIC education and to enhance students’ understanding and development of red culture.
Modifying the reactivity of substrates by encapsulation is essential for microenvironment catalysts. Herein, we report an alternative strategy that modifies the entry behaviour of reactants into the ...microenvironment and substrate inclusion thermodynamics related to the capsule to control the electron injection kinetics and the selectivity of products from the nitroarenes photoreduction. The strategy includes the orchestration of capsule openings to control the electron injection kinetics of electron donors, and the capsule's pocket to encapsulate more than one nitroarene molecules, facilitating a condensation reaction between the in situ formed azanol and nitroso species to produce azo product. The conceptual microenvironment catalyst endows selective conversion of asymmetric azo products from different nitroarenes, wherein, the estimated diameter and inclusion Gibbs free energy of substrates are used to control and predict the selectivity of products. Inhibition experiments confirm a typical enzymatic conversion, paving a new avenue for rational design of photocatalysts toward green chemistry.
The policy of merging remote rural elementary schools into centralized villages has led to the emergence of boarding schools as an essential means of providing compulsory education in rural areas of ...China. As boarding children reside in schools for extended periods, parents' influence on their human capital development is inevitably specificity. The development of rural boarding children is a serious social issue in China, and parent–child distance plays a crucial role in affecting the development of children's human capital.
While previous studies have focused on the relationship between parental absence and the development of human capital in rural boarding children, this study examines the effects of both spatial and emotional distance between parents and children on the human capital of rural boarding children.
A stratified, multi-stage probabilities proportional to size (PPS) sampling method was used, and self-report questionnaires were completed by 2397 rural boarding children (54.2 % males; ages 12 to 18, M = 14.66, SD = 1.30).
Children's background, family, and school and teacher characteristics were used as control variables. An OLS regression model was used to assess the effects of parent–child spatial and emotional distance on the human capital of rural boarding children, and a CMP–OLS regression model was used to address endogeneity using parents' self-assessed family economic conditions as instrumental variables.
Parent–child spatial distance had a significant positive effect (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), and emotional distance had a significant negative effect (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) on the cognitive and non-cognitive abilities development of rural boarding children. Living with grandparents heightened the negative effect on non-cognitive abilities development.
The findings of this study strengthen the link between parent–child distance and rural boarding children and the moderating impact of living with grandparents on the effect of parent–child distance on rural boarding children's human capital providing new insights for promoting the development of rural boarding children. It also highlights the detrimental effects of emotional neglect on rural boarding children's development. This is important for realizing China's rural revitalization strategy and the healthy development of disadvantaged children in rural areas.
Diabetic foot ulceration has been a serious issue over the past decades in Asia, causing economic and social problems. Therefore, it is important to identify and reduce the risk factors of diabetic ...foot. Cigarette smoking has been reported to be associated with diabetes and its macrovascular complications, but the relationship between smoking and diabetic foot ulcers is still unclear. In the present review, we summarize the effects of cigarette smoking on diabetic foot ulcers with respect to peripheral neuropathy, vascular alterations and wound healing. One underlying mechanism of these impacts might be the smoking‐induced oxidative stress inside the cells. At the end of this review, the current mainstream therapies for smoking cessation are also outlined. We believe that it is urgent for all diabetic patients to quit smoking so as to reduce their chances of developing foot ulcers and to improve the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers.
We summarizes the effects of cigarette smoking on diabetic foot ulcers with respect to peripheral neuropathy, vascular alterations and wound healing. One underlying mechanism of these impacts may be the smoking induced oxidative stress inside the cells. At the end of this review, the current mainstream therapies for smoking cessation are also outlined.
Distant metastasis is, unfortunately, the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Approximately 50% of CRC patients develop liver metastases, while 10–30% of patients develop pulmonary ...metastases. The occurrence of metastasis is considered to be almost exclusively driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation. However, the key molecules that confer the transformation to stem cells in CRC, and subsequent metastasis, remain unclear. Far upstream element‐binding protein 1 (FUBP1), a transcriptional regulator of c‐Myc, was screened in CSCs of CRC by mass spectrometry and was examined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CRC tissues. FUBP1 was upregulated in 85% of KRAS‐mutant and 25% of wild‐type CRC patients. Further, whether in KRAS‐mutant or wild‐type patients, elevated FUBP1 was positively correlated with CRC lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and negatively associated with overall survival. Overexpression of FUBP1 significantly enhanced CRC cell migration, invasion, tumor sphere formation, and CD133 and ALDH1 expression in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, FUBP1 promoted the initiation of CSCs by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling via directly binding to the promoter of DVL1, a potent activator of β‐catenin. Knockdown of DVL1 significantly inhibited the transformation to stem cells in, as well as the tumorigenicity of, CRC. Activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by DVL1 increased pluripotent transcription factors, including c‐Myc, NANOG, and SOX2. Moreover, FUBP1 was upregulated at the post‐transcriptional level. Elevated FUBP1 levels in KRAS wild‐type CRC patients is due to the decrease in Smurf2, which promotes ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of FUBP1. In contrast, FUBP1 was upregulated in KRAS‐mutant patients through both inhibition of caspase 3‐dependent cleavage and decreased Smurf2. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that FUBP1 is an oncogene, initiating the development of CSCs, as well as a new powerful endogenous Wnt‐signaling agonist that could provide an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for metastasis in both KRAS‐mutant and wild‐type CRC.
Distant metastasis represents the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation is considered to drive metastasis in patients with CRC; however, the key molecules guiding CSC formation remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of the FUBP1 oncogene and DVL1, a novel agonist of endogenous Wnt signaling in CSCs development. Our data indicate that FUBP1 acts in initiating the development of CSC and could serve as a prognostic factor, as well as a potential therapeutic target in both KRAS‐mutant and wild‐type patients with CRC metastasis.
Providing students with useful feedback on faulty programs can effectively help students fix programs. Spectrum-Based Fault Location (SBFL), which is a widely studied and lightweight technique, can ...automatically generate a suspicious value of statement ranking to help users find potential faults in a program. However, the performance of SBFL on student programs is not satisfactory, to improve the accuracy of SBFL in student programs, we propose a novel Multi-Correct Programs based Fault Localization (MCPFL) approach. Specifically, We first collected the correct programs submitted by students on the OJ system according to the programming problem numbers and removed the highly similar correct programs based on code similarity, and then stored them together with the faulty program to be located to construct a set of programs. Afterward, we analyzed the suspiciousness of the term in the faulty program through the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Finally, we designed a formula to calculate the weight of suspiciousness for program statements based on the number of input variables in the statement and weighted it to the spectrum-based fault localization formula. To evaluate the effectiveness of MCPFL, we conducted empirical studies on six student program datasets collected in our OJ system, and the results showed that MCPFL can effectively improve the traditional SBFL methods. In particular, on the EXAM metric, our approach improves by an average of 27.51% on the Dstar formula.
In many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glutamate-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity is considered the basis for cognitive impairment. The mRNA and protein expression of ...SERPINA4(Kallistatin) are higher in patients with AD. However, whether Kallistatin plays a regulatory role in glutamate-glutamine cycle homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified impaired cognitive function in Kallistatin transgenic (KAL-TG) mice. Baseline glutamate levels were elevated and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency was increased in the hippocampus, suggesting the impairment of glutamate homeostasis in KAL-TG mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Kallistatin promoted lysine acetylation and ubiquitination of glutamine synthetase (GS) and facilitated its degradation via the proteasome pathway, thereby downregulating GS. Fenofibrate improved cognitive memory in KAL-TG mice by downregulating serum Kallistatin. Collectively, our study findings provide insights the mechanism by which Kallistatin regulates cognitive impairment, and suggest the potential of fenofibrate to prevente and treat of AD patients with high levels of Kallistatin.
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•Kallistatin induced cognitive impairment via disrupting glutamate homeostasis in the hippocampus of Kallistatin transgenic (KAL-TG) mice.•Fenofibrate can improve cognitive function by downregulating serum Kallistatin and upregulating GS expression.
Agmatine is a member of biogenic amines and is an important medicine which is widely used to regulate body balance and neuroprotective effects. At present, the industrial production of agmatine ...mainly depends on the chemical method, but it is often accompanied by problems including cumbersome processes, harsh reaction conditions, toxic substances production and heavy environmental pollution. Therefore, to tackle the above issues, arginine decarboxylase was overexpressed heterologously and rationally designed in Corynebacterium crenatum to produce agmatine from glucose by one-step fermentation.
In this study, we report the development in the Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) L-arginine-overproducing C. crenatum for high-titer agmatine biosynthesis through overexpressing arginine decarboxylase based on metabolic engineering. Then, arginine decarboxylase was mutated to release feedback inhibition and improve catalytic activity. Subsequently, the specific enzyme activity and half-inhibitory concentration of I534D mutant were increased 35.7% and 48.1%, respectively. The agmatine production of the whole-cell bioconversion with AGM3 was increased by 19.3% than the AGM2. Finally, 45.26 g/L agmatine with the yield of 0.31 g/g glucose was achieved by one-step fermentation of the engineered C. crenatum with overexpression of speA
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The engineered C. crenatum strain AGM3 in this work was proved as an efficient microbial cell factory for the industrial fermentative production of agmatine. Based on the insights from this work, further producing other valuable biochemicals derived from L-arginine by Corynebacterium crenatum is feasible.
Software defect prediction models help testers find program modules that have a high probability of having defects. A method-calling network can express the dependencies between methods in a program. ...Existing approaches do not sufficiently utilize method-calling network to characterize the structural features between methods. To address this problem, in this study, it is proposed for the first time that the characteristics of methods in a program are obtained by analyzing the method-calling network, and a new approach is proposed for defect prediction at the method-level. Specifically in this study, the method-calling network of the program was first constructed and the network metrics of the method-calling network were obtained. Next, the new network embedding technique (node2vec) was used to automatically encode the method-calling network structure into a low-dimensional vector to obtain the network embedding metrics. Finally, they were combined with code metrics to construct defect prediction models. We evaluated our approaches on 13 open-source software systems. The experimental results show that the proposed method improved the values of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve by 2.5% to 6.7% and Matthews correlation coefficient by 13% to 178.4% compared to the baselines. Therefore the method-calling network contains rich structural features between methods, and the structural features extend the features used for method-level defect prediction and further improve the performance of defect prediction models.
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