China's economic boom has led to severe environmental pollution, which has created significant health risks for residents. Although current studies have found urban residents can sense the harmful ...effects of environmental pollution in China, few studies have talked about their rural counterparts' attitudes towards the health impacts of environmental pollution. Similarly, little research has talked about the inequality of environmental awareness between urban and rural residents.
Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses based on a national survey, namely, The 3rd Survey on the Status of Chinese Women in 2010, which was jointly conducted by the All China Women's Federation and the China Statistical Bureau in 2010. A total of 24741observations were selected.
Among urban residents, 67.21% reported that their total health was good, which was 1.35% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 25.88% of urban residents reported that their total health was general, which was nearly 3% higher than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 6.91% of urban residents reported that their total health was poor, which was 1.63% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts. The study also found that the rates of urban residents who perceived air pollution (35.67%), water pollution (17.96%), garbage pollution (25.05%), and noise pollution (32.05%) were higher than those of their rural counterparts. Perceived air pollution, and perceived noise pollution both had a negative effect on urban residents' good health (B = - 0.14, p < 0.05; B = -0.23, p < 0.001). Perceived garbage pollution had a positive effect on urban residents' poor health (B = 0.33, p < 0.01). Perceived water pollution had no significant effect on urban residents' health. The four types of perceived environmental pollution all had insignificant effects on rural residents' health.
Rural residents lack awareness of the impacts of environmental pollution on health, which may create risks and vulnerability within the rural environment and the livelihood of these residents. Great attention should be paid to the impacts of environmental pollution on the health of not only urban residents but also rural residents, which will highly improve the support of green development among the public in China.
A
bstract
We perform a precise calculation of the transverse momentum (
q
→
T
) distribution of the boson+jet system in boson production events. The boson can be either a photon,
W
,
Z
or Higgs boson ...with mass
m
V
, and
q
→
T
is the sum of the transverse momenta of the boson and the leading jet with magnitude
q
T
=
|
q
→
T
|
. Using renormalization group techniques and soft-collinear effective theory, we resum logarithms log (
Q/q
T
) and log
R
at next-to- leading logarithmic accuracy including the non-global logarithms, where
Q
and
R
are respectively the hard scattering energy and the radius of the jet. Specifically, we investigate two scenarios of
p
T
J
≲
m
V
or
p
T
J
≳
m
V
in
Z
+jet events, and we examine the
q
T
distributions with different jet radii and study the effect of non-global logarithms. In the end we compare our theoretical calculations with Monte Carlo simulations and data from the LHC.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and ...protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full‐length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ‐related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia‐mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter‐mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Klotho, as an anti‐aging gene, has been studied in the field of AD in recent years. Our data showed that Klotho overexpression inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoted Aβ clearance through an increase in M2 type microglia and the regulation of Aβ transporters in APP/PS1 mice, which effectively relieved neuroinflammation and Aβ burden and ameliorated AD‐like phenotypes.
This paper is concerned with a class of discrete-time semi-Markov jump linear systems (S-MJLSs) subject to exponentially modulated periodic (EMP) probability density function (PDF) of sojourn time, ...and the problems of stability and stabilization are addressed. Setting a relatively large period, the considered systems are capable of approximating the general S-MJLSs (without any requirements on sojourn-time PDFs) for which numerically testable stability and stabilization conditions are rather difficult to obtain. Necessary and sufficient criterion for mean square stability of the general S-MJLSs is first derived, which involves an infinite number of conditions and as such not checkable. However, the developments lay a foundation to further establish the numerically testable conditions for the systems when the PDF of sojourn time is EMP albeit the sojourn time can tend to infinity. The derivations explicitly depend on the PDF of sojourn time, which circumvents the difficulty in obtaining the memory transition probabilities of S-MJLSs. The adopted Lyapunov function is sojourn-time-dependent (STD), by which the existence conditions of STD controller are developed as well using certain techniques that can eliminate the terms of power of matrices in the stability conditions. Two illustrative examples including a class of population ecological systems are presented to show the validity and applicability of the developed theoretical results.
A
bstract
We calculate the jet shape and the jet cross section in heavy ion collisions using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) and its extension with Glauber gluon interactions in the medium ...(SCET
G
). We use the previously developed framework to systematically resum the jet shape at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, and we consistently include the medium modification by incorporating the leading order medium-induced splitting functions. The calculation provides, for the first time, a quantitative understanding of the jet shape modification measurement in lead-lead collisions at
s
N
N
=
2.76
TeV at the LHC. The inclusive jet suppression is also calculated within the same framework beyond the traditional concept of parton energy loss, and the dependence on the centrality, the jet radius and the jet kinematics is examined. In the end we present predictions for the anticipated jet shape and cross section measurements in lead-lead collisions at
s
N
N
≈
5.1
TeV at the LHC.
Considering that the human brain uses ≈1015 synapses to operate, the development of effective artificial synapses is essential to build brain‐inspired computing systems. In biological synapses, the ...voltage‐gated ion channels are very important for regulating the action‐potential firing. Here, an electrolyte‐gated transistor using WO3 with a unique tunnel structure, which can emulate the ionic modulation process of biological synapses, is proposed. The transistor successfully realizes synaptic functions of both short‐term and long‐term plasticity. Short‐term plasticity is mimicked with the help of electrolyte ion dynamics under low electrical bias, whereas the long‐term plasticity is realized using proton insertion in WO3 under high electrical bias. This is a new working approach to control the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory using different gate voltage amplitude for artificial synapses. Other essential synaptic behaviors, such as paired pulse facilitation, the depression and potentiation of synaptic weight, as well as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity are also implemented in this artificial synapse. These results provide a new recipe for designing synaptic electrolyte‐gated transistors through the electrostatic and electrochemical effects.
An electrolyte‐gated transistor using WO3 with a unique tunnel structure to successfully emulate the synaptic functions of both short‐term and long‐term plasticity is proposed. Short‐term plasticity is mimicked with the help of electrolyte ion dynamics under low gate bias, and the long‐term plasticity is realized via proton insertion in WO3 under high gate bias.
Pruritus in allergy and immunology Yang, Ting-Lin B.; Kim, Brian S.
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,
August 2019, 2019-08-00, 20190801, Volume:
144, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Although evolutionarily conserved to expel ectoparasites and aid in the clearance of toxins and noxious environmental stimuli from the host, the type 2 immune response can become pathologic in the ...setting of a variety of allergic disorders. Itch can be a behavioral extension of type 2 immunity by evoking scratching and, in the setting of disease, can become chronic and thus highly pathologic as well. Classically, our understanding of itch mechanisms has centered around the canonical IgE–mast cell–histamine axis. However, therapies aimed at blocking the histaminergic itch pathway have been largely ineffective, suggesting the existence of nonhistaminergic itch pathways. Indeed, recent advances in itch biology have provided critical new insight into a variety of novel therapeutic avenues for chronic itch in the setting of a number of allergic disorders. Here we highlight how these new developments will likely inform the problem of pruritus in a variety of well-established and emerging conditions in the field of allergy.
Neural networks are frequently employed to model species distribution through backpropagation methods, known as backpropagation neural networks (BPNN). However, the complex structure of BPNN ...introduces parameter settings challenges, such as the determination of connection weights, which can affect the accuracy of model simulation. In this paper, we integrated the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, renowned for its excellent global search capacity and rapid convergence, to enhance the performance of BPNN. Then we obtained a novel hybrid algorithm, the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm optimized backpropagation neural networks algorithm (GNNA), designed for predicting species' potential distribution. We also compared the GNNA with four prevalent species distribution models (SDMs), namely the generalized boosting model (GBM), generalized linear model (GLM), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and random forest (RF). These models were evaluated using three evaluation metrics: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, Cohen's kappa, and the true skill statistic, across 23 varied species. Additionally, we examined the predictive accuracy concerning spatial distribution. The results showed that the predictive performance of GNNA was significantly improved compared to BPNN, was significantly better than that of GLM and GBM, and was even comparable to that of MaxEnt and RF in predicting species distributions with small sample sizes. Furthermore, the GNNA demonstrates exceptional powers in forecasting the potential non-native distribution of invasive plant species.
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