This study offers a systematic review of academic research on platforms in management, business and economics. By using two visualization tools named VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we analyzed 619 articles ...on platform research with associated 23,093 references from the Web of Science database. We have discerned the most impact publications, authors, journals, institutions and countries in the platform research. In addition, we have explored the structures of the cited references, cited authors and cited journals to further understand the theoretical basis of the platform research. Moreover, by evolution analysis through CiteSpace and co-occurrence analysis through VOSViewer, we explored the evolution process of platform research and predicted the future development trends. The results conjunctively achieved by VOSviewer and CiteSpace will enhance understanding of platform research and enable future developments for both theorists and practitioners.
Tin‐based halide perovskites attract incremental attention due to the favorable optoelectronic properties and ideal bandgaps. However, the poor crystalline quality is still the biggest challenge for ...further progress in tin‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) due to the unfavorable defects and uncontrollable crystallization kinetics. Here, acetic acid (HAc) is first introduced to reduce the supersaturated concentration of the precursor solution to preferentially form pre‐nucleation clusters, thus inducing rapid nucleation for effective regulation of crystallization kinetics. In particular, the hydrogen ion and acetate ion contained in HAc can effectively inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+, and the hydrogen bonding interaction between HAc and iodide ion (I‐) greatly reduces the loss of I‐, which guarantees the I‐/Sn2+ stoichiometric ratio of the corresponding perovskite film close to theoretical value, thus effectively reducing the defect density and maintaining the perfect crystal lattice. Consequently, the HAc‐assisted tin‐based PVSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.26% with superior open‐circuit voltage up to 0.75 V. Moreover, the unencapsulated device maintains nearly 90% of the initial PCE even after 3000 h storage in nitrogen atmosphere. This demonstrated strategy enables to prepare high‐quality tin‐based perovskite film with lower defect density and lattice distortion.
Acetic acid (HAc) is first introduced to reduce the supersaturated concentration of the precursor solution to form pre‐nucleation clusters, thus inducing rapid nucleation. In particular, the introduction of HAc can inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+ and reduce the loss of I‐. HAc‐assisted device deliver a champion efficiency of 12.26%, maintaining ≈90% of initial efficiency after storage in nitrogen over 3000 h.
Interfacial lattice mismatch and adverse reaction are the key issues hindering the development of nickel oxide (NiOx)‐based inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a p‐chlorobenzenesulfonic ...acid (CBSA) self‐assembled small‐molecule (SASM) is adopted to anchor NiOx and perovskite crystals to endow dual‐passivation. The chlorine terminal of SASMs can provide growth sites for perovskite, leading to interfacial strain release. Meanwhile, the sulfonic acid group from SASMs can passivate surface defects of NiOx, conducive to charge carrier extraction. In addition, the self‐assembled layer inhibits the adverse interfacial reaction by preventing NiOx contact with perovskite. Therefore, the NiOx/CBSA‐based PVSCs obtain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.8%. Of particular note, the unencapsulated devices can retain above 80% of their initial PCE values after storage in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3000 h, in air with a relative humidity of 50–70% for 1000 h, and heating at 85 °C for 800 h, respectively.
A p‐chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (CBSA)‐based self‐assembled layer dual‐passivation strategy is employed to effectively eliminate interfacial lattice mismatch and detrimental reactions in NiOx‐based perovskite solar cells, which achieves unencapsulated devices preserving above 80% of initial efficiencies after storing in N2 for 3000 h, in air with a relative humidity of 50–70% for 1000 h, and heating at 85 °C for 800 h, respectively.
Deep Learning for Health Informatics Ravi, Daniele; Charence Wong; Deligianni, Fani ...
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics,
2017-Jan., 2017-01-00, 2017-1-00, 20170101, Volume:
21, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
With a massive influx of multimodality data, the role of data analytics in health informatics has grown rapidly in the last decade. This has also prompted increasing interests in the generation of ...analytical, data driven models based on machine learning in health informatics. Deep learning, a technique with its foundation in artificial neural networks, is emerging in recent years as a powerful tool for machine learning, promising to reshape the future of artificial intelligence. Rapid improvements in computational power, fast data storage, and parallelization have also contributed to the rapid uptake of the technology in addition to its predictive power and ability to generate automatically optimized high-level features and semantic interpretation from the input data. This article presents a comprehensive up-to-date review of research employing deep learning in health informatics, providing a critical analysis of the relative merit, and potential pitfalls of the technique as well as its future outlook. The paper mainly focuses on key applications of deep learning in the fields of translational bioinformatics, medical imaging, pervasive sensing, medical informatics, and public health.
Chlorine disinfection to drinking water plays an important role in preventing and controlling waterborne disease outbreaks globally. Nevertheless, little is known about why it enriches the antibiotic ...resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria after chlorination. Here, ARGs released from killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and culturable chlorine-injured bacteria produced in the chlorination process as the recipient, were investigated to determine their contribution to the horizontal transfer of ARGs during disinfection treatment. We discovered Escherichia coli, Salmonella aberdeen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis showed diverse resistance to sodium hypochlorite, and transferable RP4 could be released from killed sensitive donor consistently. Meanwhile, the survival of chlorine-tolerant injured bacteria with enhanced cell membrane permeabilisation and a strong oxidative stress-response demonstrated that a physiologically competent cell could be transferred by RP4 with an improved transformation frequency of up to 550 times compared with the corresponding untreated bacteria. Furthermore, the water quality factors involving chemical oxygen demand (COD
), ammonium nitrogen and metal ions (Ca
and K
) could significantly promote above transformation frequency of released RP4 into injured E. faecalis. Our findings demonstrated that the chlorination process promoted the horizontal transfer of plasmids by natural transformation, which resulted in the exchange of ARGs across bacterial genera and the emergence of new ARB, as well as the transfer of chlorine-injured opportunistic pathogen from non-ARB to ARB. Considering that the transfer elements were quite resistant to degradation through disinfection, this situation poses a potential risk to public health.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of fairness concern on the optimal pricing, carbon emission reduction (CER), green marketing efforts (GME) and utility of supply chain ...members in a two-echelon low-carbon supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. First, three basic models that consider the manufacturer’s different attitudes toward the retailer’s fairness concern are constructed. The optimal decisions of these models are obtained. Second, these optimal solutions are compared, and the effects of some key parameters including fairness concern on the optimal decisions and utility are examined for the three models. Furthermore, the manufacturer may misestimate the retailer’s fairness concern; therefore, an extended model is proposed.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game theoretic framework, where the manufacturer decides the wholesale price and CER level and, then, the retailer determines the retail price and GME.
Findings
The results show that fairness concern has a negative impact on the wholesale price, the level of CER and GME, and fairness concern are not always beneficial for maximizing utility, although it is related to whether the manufacturer pays attention to the retailer’s fairness concern. The manufacturer will gain more utility when considering the fairness concern of retailers than non-consideration. Overestimating or underestimating the fairness concern of the retailers does not lead to benefits for the manufacturer.
Research limitations/implications
This study has the following two limitations that need to be addressed in future research. First, the authors only consider the fairness concern of a single retailer but not peer-induced fairness among multiple competing retailers, which can be taken into account in future studies. Second, the demand function is linearly related to price, CER and GME. Because of the uncertainty of market information, the uncertainty demand function can be further considered.
Originality/value
This paper simultaneously considers the factors CER, GME and fairness concern. The utility function of the retailer is established according to taking the Nash bargaining solution as a fairness reference point, and four different models are constructed and compared.
Recent advances in thermally localized solar evaporation hold significant promise for vapor generation, seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and medical sterilization. However, salt ...accumulation is one of the key bottlenecks for reliable adoption. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient (>80% solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency) and salt rejecting (20 weight % salinity) solar evaporation by engineering the fluidic flow in a wick-free confined water layer. With mechanistic modeling and experimental characterization of salt transport, we show that natural convection can be triggered in the confined water. More notably, there exists a regime enabling simultaneous thermal localization and salt rejection, i.e., natural convection significantly accelerates salt rejection while inducing negligible additional heat loss. Furthermore, we show the broad applicability by integrating this confined water layer with a recently developed contactless solar evaporator and report an improved efficiency. This work elucidates the fundamentals of salt transport and offers a low-cost strategy for high-performance solar evaporation.
After decades of evolution, measuring instruments for quantitative gait analysis have become an important clinical tool for assessing pathologies manifested by gait abnormalities. However, such ...instruments tend to be expensive and require expert operation and maintenance besides their high cost, thus limiting them to only a small number of specialized centers. Consequently, gait analysis in most clinics today still relies on observation-based assessment. Recent advances in wearable sensors, especially inertial body sensors, have opened up a promising future for gait analysis. Not only can these sensors be more easily adopted in clinical diagnosis and treatment procedures than their current counterparts, but they can also monitor gait continuously outside clinics - hence providing seamless patient analysis from clinics to free-living environments. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of current techniques for quantitative gait analysis and to propose key metrics for evaluating both existing and emerging methods for qualifying the gait features extracted from wearable sensors. It aims to highlight key advances in this rapidly evolving research field and outline potential future directions for both research and clinical applications.
The effects from the molecular configuration of diammonium spacer cations on 2D/3D perovskite properties are still unclear. Here, we investigated systematically the mechanism of molecular ...configuration‐induced regulation of crystallization kinetic and carrier dynamics by employing various diammonium molecules to construct Dion‐Jacobson (DJ)‐type 2D/3D perovskites to further facilitating the photovoltaic performance. The minimum average Pb‐I‐Pb angle leads to the smallest octahedral tilting of PbX64− lattice in optimal diammonium molecule‐incorporated DJ‐type 2D/3D perovskite, which enables suitable binding energy and hydrogen‐bonding between spacer cations and inorganic PbX64− cages, thus contributing to the formation of high‐quality perovskite film with vertical crystal orientation, mitigatory lattice distortion and efficient carrier transportation. As a consequence, a dramatically improved device efficiency of 22.68 % is achieved with excellent moisture stability.
Various diammonium spacer cations are used to construct 2D/3D perovskite. The mechanism of molecular configuration‐induced regulation of crystal orientation and carrier dynamics is investigated. 2D/3D perovskite solar cells based on 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) achieve a device efficiency of 22.68 % and excellent moisture stability, retaining 82 % of initial efficiency after aging at 50±5 % relative humidity for 1560 h.
Recent studies have uncovered that vitexin compound B-1 (VB-1) can protect neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative injury through suppressing NOX4 expression.
The aims of this ...study are to investigate whether VB-1 can protect the rat brain against ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury and whether its effect on NOX4 expression is related to modulation of certain miRNAs expression.
Rats were subjected to 2 h of cerebral ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion to establish an I/R injury model, which showed an increase in neurological deficit score and infarct volume concomitant with an upregulation of NOX4 expression, increase in NOX activity, and downregulation of miR-92b.
Administration of VB-1 reduced I/R cerebral injury accompanied by a reverse in NOX4 and miR-92b expression. Similar results were achieved in a neuron H/R injury model. Next, we evaluated the association of miR-92b with NOX4 by its mimics in the H/R model. H/R treatment increased neurons apoptosis concomitant with an upregulation of NOX4 and NOX activity while downregulation of miR-92b. All these effects were reversed in the presence of miR-92b mimics, confirming the function of miR-92b in suppressing NOX4 expression.
We conclude the protective effect of VB-1 against rat cerebral I/R injury through a mechanism involving modulation of miR-92b/NOX4 pathway.
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