Iva xanthiifolia, native to North America, is now widely distributed in northeastern China and has become a vicious invasive plant. This article aims to probe the role of leaf extract in the invasion ...of I. xanthiifolia.
We collected the rhizosphere soil of Amaranthus tricolor and Setaria viridis in the invasive zone, the noninvasive zone and the noninvasive zone treated with extract from I. xanthiifolia leaf, and obtained I. xanthiifolia rhizosphere soil in the invasive zone. All wild plants were identified by Xu Yongqing. I. xanthiifolia (collection number: RQSB04100), A. tricolor (collection number: 831,030) and S. viridis (collection number: CF-0002-034) are all included in Chinese Virtual Herbarium ( https://www.cvh.ac.cn/index.php ). The soil bacterial diversity was analyzed based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. Subsequently, taxonomic analysis and Faprotax functional prediction were performed.
The results showed that the leaf extract significantly reduced the diversity of indigenous plant rhizosphere bacteria. A. tricolor and S. viridis rhizobacterial phylum and genus abundances were significantly reduced under the influence of I. xanthiifolia or its leaf extract. The results of functional prediction showed that bacterial abundance changes induced by leaf extracts could potentially hinder nutrient cycling in native plants and increased bacterial abundance in the A. tricolor rhizosphere related to aromatic compound degradation. In addition, the greatest number of sensitive Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) appeared in the rhizosphere when S. viridis was in response to the invasion of I. xanthiifolia. It can be seen that A. tricolor and S. viridis have different mechanisms in response to the invasion of I. xanthiifolia.
I. xanthiifolia leaves material has potential role in invasion by altering indigenous plant rhizosphere bacteria.
Plant expansins are proteins involved in cell wall loosening, plant growth, and development, as well as in response to plant diseases and other stresses. In this study, we identified 128 expansin ...coding sequences from the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome. These sequences belong to 45 homoeologous copies of TaEXPs, including 26 TaEXPAs, 15 TaEXPBs and four TaEXLAs. No TaEXLB was identified. Gene expression and sub-expression profiles revealed that most of the TaEXPs were expressed either only in root tissues or in multiple organs. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that many TaEXPs were differentially expressed in four different tissues of the two wheat cultivars-the cold-sensitive 'Chinese Spring (CS)' and the cold-tolerant 'Dongnongdongmai 1 (D1)' cultivars. Our results suggest that the differential expression of TaEXPs could be related to low-temperature tolerance or sensitivity of different wheat cultivars. Our study expands our knowledge on wheat expansins and sheds new light on the functions of expansins in plant development and stress response.
Lipin 1 is an intracellular protein acting as a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase enzyme controlling lipid metabolism. Human recessive mutations in
cause recurrent, early-onset myoglobinuria, a ...condition normally associated with muscle pain and weakness. Whether and how lipin 1 deficiency in humans leads to peripheral neuropathy is yet unclear. Herein, two novel compound heterozygous mutations in
with neurological disorders, but no myoglobinuria were identified in an adult-onset syndromic myasthenia family. The present study sought to explore the pathogenic mechanism of
in muscular and neural development.
The clinical diagnosis of the proband was compared to the known 48 cases of
recessive homozygous mutations. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out on the syndromic myasthenia family to identify the causative gene. The pathogenesis of lipin 1 deficiency during somitogenesis and neurogenesis was investigated using the zebrafish model. Whole-mount
hybridization, immunohistochemistry, birefringence analysis, touch-evoke escape response and locomotion assays were performed to observe
the changes in muscles and neurons. The conservatism of the molecular pathways regulated by lipin 1 was evaluated in human primary glioblastoma and mouse myoblast cells by siRNA knockdown, drug treatment, qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.
The patient exhibited adult-onset myasthenia accompanied by muscle fiber atrophy and nerve demyelination without myoglobinuria. Two novel heterozygous mutations, c.2047A>C (p.I683L) and c.2201G>A (p.R734Q) in
, were identified in the family and predicted to alter the tertiary structure of LPIN1 protein. Lipin 1 deficiency in zebrafish embryos generated by
morpholino knockdown or human
mutant mRNA injections reproduced the myotomes defects, a reduction both in primary motor neurons and secondary motor neurons projections, morphological changes of post-synaptic clusters of acetylcholine receptors, and myelination defects, which led to reduced touch-evoked response and abnormalities of swimming behaviors. Loss of lipin 1 function in zebrafish and mammalian cells also exhibited altered expression levels of muscle and neuron markers, as well as abnormally enhanced Notch signaling, which was partially rescued by the specific Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT.
These findings pointed out that the compound heterozygous mutations in human
caused adult-onset syndromic myasthenia with peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, zebrafish could be used to model the neuromuscular phenotypes due to the lipin 1 deficiency, where a novel pathological role of over-activated Notch signaling was discovered and further confirmed in mammalian cell lines.
Kangfu Xiaoyan Suppository is widely used in the treatment of gynecological inflammatory diseases. Long-term clinical application and a certain amount of research evidences show that Kangfu Xiaoyan ...Suppository can alleviate the clinical symptoms of pelvic inflammatory diseases,reduce the recurrence rate,and relieve sequelae,with a better safety and economic characteristics. As a type of nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine and type B medicine included in medical insurance,it has been selected as a Chinese patent medicine for rectal administration. It was included in the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common gynecological diseases of traditional Chinese medicine published by the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2012,the Pelvic inflammatory diseases diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued by the Infectious Diseases Collaborative Group of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association in 2014,and the group standard of Single use of traditional
•Anaerobic granulation technology was discussed based on literature reports.•Features of anaerobic granulation and bioreactor designs were reviewed.•Advances in granulation research were ...delineated.•Prospects and challenges of anaerobic granulation in wastewater treatment were outlined.
Successful installations and operation of many granulation-base treatment plants all over the world in the recent years are reported. A better knowledge towards reactor operation and system performance has led to a growing interest in the technology. While the technology is well accepted and abundant research work has been carried out, insight unfolding the granulation fundamentals and its engineering applications remains unclear. This paper presents a review of some major hypotheses describing the evolvement of anaerobic granules. A number of physico-chemical hypotheses based on thermodynamics and structural hypotheses incorporating microbial considerations for anaerobic granulation have been developed. Features of anaerobic granulation and bioreactor designs are also reviewed. Advances in granulation research with respect to hydrogen production, degradation of recalcitrant or toxic compounds and emissions mitigation are delineated. Prospects and challenges of anaerobic granulation in wastewater treatment are also outlined.
Scope
Particulate matter (PM) contains toxic organic matter and heavy metals that enter the entire body through blood flow and may cause mortality. Ganoderma formosanum mycelium, a valuable ...traditional Chinese medicine that has been used since ancient times, contains various active ingredients that can effectively impede inflammatory responses on murine alveolar macrophages induced by PM particles.
Methods and Results
An experimental study assessing the effect of G. formosanum mycelium extract's water fraction (WA) on PM‐exposed murine alveolar macrophages using ROS measurement shows that WA reduces intracellular ROS by 12% and increases cell viability by 16% when induced by PM particles. According to RNA‐Sequencing, western blotting, and real‐time qPCR are conducted to analyze the metabolic pathway. The WA reduces the protein ratio in p‐NF‐κB/NF‐κB by 18% and decreases the expression of inflammatory genes, including IL‐1β by 38%, IL‐6 by 29%, and TNF‐α by 19%. Finally, the identification of seven types of anti‐inflammatory compounds in the WA fraction is achieved through UHPLC‐ESI‐Orbitrap‐Elite‐MS/MS analysis. These compounds include anti‐inflammatory compounds, namely thiamine, adenosine 5ʹ‐monophosphate, pipecolic acid, L‐pyroglutamic acid, acetyl‐L‐carnitine, D‐mannitol, and L‐malic acid.
Conclusions
The study suggests that the WA has the potential to alleviate the PM ‐induced damage in alveolar macrophages, demonstrating its anti‐inflammatory properties.
GFE water extraction attenuate PM‐induced cell inflammation.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain and tenderness. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), an emerging nonpharmacological treatment, has been used for relieving ...musculoskeletal or neuropathic pain.
The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of LLLT on patients with fibromyalgia.
This study involved systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
This study examined all RCTs evaluating the effect of LLLT on fibromyalgia.
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating the effect of LLLT on patients with fibromyalgia. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published before August 2018. RCTs meeting our selection criteria were included. The methodological quality of the RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-for-bias method. Review Manager version 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were the total scores on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), pain severity, and number of tender points. The secondary outcomes were changes in fatigue, stiffness, anxiety, and depression. Standardized mean difference (SMD), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values were calculated for outcome analysis.
We identified 9 RCTs that included 325 fibromyalgia patients undergoing LLLT or placebo laser treatment with or without an exercise program. The meta-analysis showed that patients receiving LLLT demonstrated significantly greater improvement in their FIQ scores (SMD: 1.16; 95% CI, 0.64-1.69), pain severity (SMD: 1.18; 95% CI, 0.82-1.54), number of tender points (SMD: 1.01; 95% CI, 0.49-1.52), fatigue (SMD: 1.4; 95% CI, 0.96-1.84), stiffness (SMD: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.36-1.48), depression (SMD: 1.46; 95% CI, 0.93-2.00), and anxiety (SMD: 1.46; 95% CI, 0.45-2.47) than those receiving placebo laser. Furthermore, when compared with the standardized exercise program alone, LLLT plus the standardized exercise program provided no extra advantage in the relief of symptoms. On the other hand, the results of the only RCT using combined LLLT/LED phototherapy showed significant improvement in most outcomes except for depression when compared to placebo. When compared with pure exercise therapy, combined LLLT/LED phototherapy plus exercise therapy had additional benefits in reducing the severity of pain, number of tender points, and fatigue.
There were some limitations in this review, mostly because of the low-to-middle methodological quality of the selected studies; for example, there was no clear allocation process and only patients were blinded in most studies. In addition, one study used per-protocol analysis with a 20% loss to follow-up. On the other hand, the differences in laser types, energy sources, exposure times, and associated medication status in these studies may have resulted in some heterogeneity.
Our results provided the most up-to-date and relevant evidence regarding the effects of LLLT in fibromyalgia. LLLT is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for fibromyalgia.
Low-level laser therapy, fibromyalgia, meta-analysis, FIQ, pain, tender points,exercise.
A copolymerization strategy is developed to utilize porphyrin as a complementary light‐harvesting unit (LHU) in D–A polymers. For polymer solar cells (PSCs), the presence of LHUs increases the ...short‐circuit current density (Jsc) without sacrificing the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). Up to 8.0% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is delivered by PPor‐2:PC71BM single‐junction PSCs. A PCE of 8.6% is achieved when a C‐PCBSD cathodic interlayer is introduced.
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