The growing concern about the effectiveness of reclamation strategies has motivated the evaluation of soil properties following reclamation. Recovery of belowground microbial community is important ...for reclamation success, however, the response of soil bacterial communities to reclamation has not been well understood. In this study, PCR-based 454 pyrosequencing was applied to compare bacterial communities in undisturbed soils with those in reclaimed soils using chronosequences ranging in time following reclamation from 1 to 20 year. Bacteria from the Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes were abundant in all soils, while the composition of predominant phyla differed greatly across all sites. Long-term reclamation strongly affected microbial community structure and diversity. Initial effects of reclamation resulted in significant declines in bacterial diversity indices in younger reclaimed sites (1, 8-year-old) compared to the undisturbed site. However, bacterial diversity indices tended to be higher in older reclaimed sites (15, 20-year-old) as recovery time increased, and were more similar to predisturbance levels nearly 20 years after reclamation. Bacterial communities are highly responsive to soil physicochemical properties (pH, soil organic matter, Total N and P), in terms of both their diversity and community composition. Our results suggest that the response of soil microorganisms to reclamation is likely governed by soil characteristics and, indirectly, by the effects of vegetation restoration. Mixture sowing of gramineae and leguminosae herbage largely promoted soil geochemical conditions and bacterial diversity that recovered to those of undisturbed soil, representing an adequate solution for soil remediation and sustainable utilization for agriculture. These results confirm the positive impacts of reclamation and vegetation restoration on soil microbial diversity and suggest that the most important phase of microbial community recovery occurs between 15 and 20 years after reclamation.
Meeting healthy dietary needs while eating out can be a challenging experience for adults with inflammatory bowel disease. This study examined the barriers experienced by adults with inflammatory ...bowel disease (IBD) when eating out.
This study aimed to explore the perceptions of people with IBD on eating out barriers.
A qualitative study among individuals affected by IBD was conducted through semi-structured interviews.
Sixteen adults from China were diagnosed with IBD between 6 months and 20 years prior to the study. They were recruited from four tertiary care hospitals in Nanjing, China. The participants completed a semi-structured interview between April and September 2022. Self-perceived difficulties with eating and drinking when eating out were varied. After thematic analysis of the data, five main themes emerged: limited access to healthy and hygiene food; no pleasure of food enjoyment; financial strain; not feeling loved, supported or understood; and coping strategies for not meeting demand.
This study highlights the various barriers encountered by patients with inflammatory bowel disease when eating out. These findings will help people with IBD to encourage the formation of targeted health and well-being-related interventions. Knowledge of nutrition and diet should be provided in education and training programs administered to IBD.
The microscopic analysis of methane (CH4) adsorption in the heterogeneous pore structure of coals is vital for the success of the coalbed methane (CBM) projects. In this work, to make up for the ...limitations of laboratory testing conditions, grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to systematically study the mechanism of CH4 adsorption on dry and moist coals under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. A novel strategy, named the diamond-filling method, was proposed for the construction of macromolecular pores with specific diameter and morphology. The simulation results demonstrated that the state of CH4 molecules constrained in pores changes from homogeneous filling to multilayer adsorption with the increase of pore size. During the variation of the state of CH4 molecules, the interaction between CH4 and coals gradually weakened, resulting in a significant reduction in CH4 concentration, which stabilized after the pore size reached 5 nm. In addition, it was found that the spherical pore showed the highest adsorption capacity, followed by cylindrical pore and flat pore. In the case where the moisture content ranged from 1 to 3 wt%, the results showed that H2O molecules kept gathering towards the walls. Meanwhile, the CH4 molecules gradually moved towards the bulk interior part along with the declining concentration due to the deeper adsorption potential of H2O molecules in nanopores. The molecular simulation was shown to be a valuable and efficient tool for revealing the mechanism of CH4 adsorption in coal and producing results that have practical applications.
•GCMC and MD methods were used to study the microscopic adsorption behavior of CH4.•Diamond-filling strategy was proposed for the construction of pores.•The saturation adsorption quantity was introduced as an essential parameter.•Cylindrical pore showed the highest sorption capacity, followed by spherical and flat pore.•H2O content of 1–3% was taken to estimate the variation of CH4 spatial distribution.
This paper presents a novel low‐cost digital calibration scheme using Adaptive‐LMS for high‐resolution SAR ADCs. This proposed Adaptive‐LMS is realized by perturbing adaptive analog offset and ...skipping several LSBs' calibration. Compared with a digital calibration scheme based on conventional LMS, the design saves not only die cost but also testing cost (less testing time). During the testing process, the proposed method requires only 16,000 samples to calibrate the capacitor mismatch and the SNDR is improved from 54.1 dB to 68.1 dB for a 12‐bit SAR ADC.
This paper addresses the problem of the security control for adaptive event-triggered networked control systems under deception attacks. For the considered systems, data transmission is based on the ...network. To alleviate the network bandwidth pressure, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism, the triggered condition of which can be regulated adaptively according to the system states, is employed. By considering the effects of deception attacks, a novel mathematical model is established for networked control systems under discussion. Then by implementing Lyapunov stability theory, the co-design of controller gain and the parameter of adaptive event-triggered mechanism is achieved. Finally, a simulated example is offered to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Potassium‐intercalated graphite intercalation compounds (K‐GICs) are of particular physical and chemical interest due to their versatile structures and fascinating properties. Fundamental insights ...into the K+ storage mechanism, and the complex kinetics/thermodynamics that control the reactions and structural rearrangements allow manipulating K‐GICs with desired functionalities. Here operando studies including in situ Raman mapping and in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, in combination with density‐functional theory simulations are carried out to correlate the real‐time electrochemical K+ intercalation/deintercalation process with structure/component evolution. The experimental results, together with theoretical calculations, reveal the reversible K‐GICs staging transition: C ↔ stage 5 (KC60) ↔ stage 4 (KC48) ↔ stage 3 (KC36) ↔ stage 2 (KC24/KC16) ↔ stage 1 (KC8). Moreover, the staging transition is clearly visualized and an intermediate phase of stage 2 with the stoichiometric formula of KC16 is identified. The staging transition mechanism involving both intrastage transition from KC24 (stage 2) to KC16 (stage 2) and interstage transition is proposed. The present study promotes better fundamental understanding of K+ storage behavior in graphite, develops a nondestructive technological basis for accurately capture nonuniformity in electrode phase evolution across the length scale of graphite domains, and offers guidance for efficient research in other GICs.
Operando techniques including Raman mapping and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in combination with theoretical simulations, have enabled the direct visualization of potassium‐intercalated graphite intercalation compounds staging evolution precisely during electrochemical operations, with high temporal and spatial resolution. Moreover, solid evidence for a new stoichiometric formula of KC16 and intrastage transition within stage 2 are found.
An orbit-attitude coupling dynamic model for the spatial rigid rod that is abstracted from the large-stiffness slender components widely used in spatial structures is established, and the symplectic ...method is used to estimate the validity of the dynamic model by analyzing the coupling dynamic behaviors of the rod in this work. Based on the Hamiltonian variational principle, the orbit-attitude dynamic model of the spatial rigid rod is proposed, and the canonical form of the model is presented first. Then, the symplectic Runge–Kutta method is developed, and the structure-preserving properties of the canonical form, including the conservation law of energy and conservative property in the phase space, are investigated to illustrate the validity of the numerical results obtained by the symplectic Runge–Kutta method subsequently. Finally, the effects of the nonspherical perturbations of the Earth on the coupling dynamic behaviors are investigated numerically. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the main orbit-attitude coupling dynamic behaviors of the spatial large-stiffness slender component excited by the nonspherical perturbation can be described by the proposed dynamic model ignoring the deformation as well as the transverse vibration of the slender component, which provides an approach for simplifying rapid dynamic analysis on the spatial large-stiffness slender component. In addition, the validity and the structure-preserving properties of the symplectic Runge–Kutta method for the orbit-attitude coupling dynamic problem of the spatial rigid rod are also illustrated.
Background:
The relationship between pre-eclampsia (PE) and cervical cancer (CC) has drawn more attention recently, while little is known about the shared pathogenesis of CC and PE. In the present ...research, we aimed to generate the shared gene network as well as the prognostic model to reveal the development of CC and PE.
Methods:
The transcription data of CC and PE patients were obtained and enrolled into weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis. Disease-specific modules in CC and PE were determined to discover the shared genes. The expression patterns of genes at protein level were examined by HPA database. Further, LASSO penalty regression and Cox analysis were applied to create a prognostic signature based on the shared genes, with survival curves and ROC plots employed to confirm the predictive capacity. To uncover the function roles and pathways involved in signature, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted. Finally, the immune infiltration status in CC was depicted using CIBERSORT algorithms.
Results:
WGCNA determined three hub modules between CC and PE. A total of 117 shared genes were obtained for CC and PE and mainly enriched in cell proliferation, regulation of cell development and neuron differentiation. Then, we created a robust prognostic model based on the 10 shared genes by performing stepwise Cox analyses. Our proposed model presented a favorable ability in prognosis forecast and was correlated with the infiltration of immunocytes including B cells, macrophages and T cells. GSEA disclosed that high-risk group was involved in cancer-related pathways.
Conclusion:
The present project identified the shared genes to uncover the pathogenesis of CC and PE and further proposed and validated a prognostic signature to accurately forecast the clinical outcomes of CC patients.
Phonons with chirality determine the optical helicity of inelastic light scattering processes due to their nonzero angular momentum. Here it is shown that 2D magnetic CrBr3 hosts chiral phonons at ...the Brillouin‐zone center. These chiral phonons are linear combinations of the doubly‐degenerate Eg phonons, and the phonon eigenmodes exhibit clockwise and counterclockwise rotational vibrations corresponding to angular momenta of l = ± 1. Such Eg chiral phonons completely switch the polarization of incident circularly polarized light. On the other hand, the non‐degenerate non‐chiral Ag phonons display a giant magneto‐optical effect under an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field, rotating the plane of polarization of the scattered linearly polarized light. The corresponding degree of polarization of the scattered light changes from 91% to −68% as the magnetic field strength increases from 0 to 5 T. In contrast, the chiral Eg modes display no field dependence. The results lay a foundation for the study of phonon chirality and magneto‐optical phenomena in 2D magnetic materials, as well as their related applications, such as the phonon Hall effect, topological photonics, and Raman lasing.
Phonon chirality and magneto‐optical phenomena in CrBr3 2D magnet are reported. The superposition of doubly degenerate Eg modes results in chiral phonons with PAM of l = ±1, exhibiting isotropic linearly polarized Raman scattering. The non‐degenerate Ag modes display a giant magneto‐optical effect under an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field, rotating the plane of polarization of the scattered linearly polarized light.
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