The incidence and mortality rate of cancer has been quickly increasing in the past decades. At present, cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Most of the cancers cannot be ...effectively diagnosed at the early stage. Although there are multiple therapeutic treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs, their effectiveness is still limited. The overall survival rate of malignant cancers is still low. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms for malignant cancers, and explore new biomarkers and targets that are more sensitive and effective for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancers than traditional biomarkers and methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Generally, lncRNAs are not capable of encoding proteins or peptides. LncRNAs exert diverse biological functions by regulating gene expressions and functions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that the dysregulated lncRNA profile is widely involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, lncRNAs have been revealed to play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of some important lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of certain malignant cancers, including lung, breast, liver, and colorectal cancers, as well as hematological malignancies and neuroblastoma.
This paper describes the C-band multi-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor for the Gaofen-3 (GF-3) mission. Based on the requirement analysis, the design of working modes and SAR ...payload are given. An accurate antenna model is introduced for the pattern optimization and SAR performance calculation. The paper concludes with an overview of predicted performance which was verified by in-orbit tests.
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Combining triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and textile materials, wearable electronic devices show great application prospects in biomotion energy harvesting and multifunctional ...self-power sensors in this coming intelligent era. However, fabrication method by rigidly stitching two or more individual fabrics together and working mode that must cooperate with external materials, make textile-based TENG bulky, stiff, uncomfortable and hinder their range of application. Here, by using a double needle bed flat knitting machine technology, a 3D double faced interlock fabric TENG (3DFIF-TENG) is designed as self-powered, stretchable and substrate-free wearable TENG sensors (such as a bending sensor to detect arm bending degree, pressure sensors) and energy harvesting devices. Besides, due to the unique 3D structure and after improving the structure by knitting a woven fabric-TENG in the middle layer, the 3DFIF-TENG can be further used as a multifunctional sensors, such as a 3D tactile sensor. Besides, by knitting a woven fabric-TENG in the middle layer of the 3DFIF-TENG, it can be further used as a multifunctional sensor, such as a 3D tactile sensor. The substrate-free and 3D structure design in this paper may provide a promising direction for self-powered, stretchable wearable devices in energy harvesting, human motion or robot movement detection, and smart prosthetics.
The western North Pacific (WNP) Subtropical High (WNPSH) is a controlling system for East Asian Summer monsoon and tropical storm activities, whereas what maintains the anomalous summertime WNPSH has ...been a long‐standing riddle. Here we demonstrate that the local convection‐wind‐evaporation‐SST (CWES) feedback relying on both mean flows and mean precipitation is key in maintaining the WNPSH, while the remote forcing from the development of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation is secondary. Strikingly, the majority of strong WNPSH cases exhibit anomalous intensification in late summer (August), which is dominantly determined by the seasonal march of the mean state. That is, enhanced mean precipitation associated with strong WNP monsoon trough in late summer makes atmospheric response much more sensitive to local SST forcing than early summer.
Key PointsSeasonal march of mean state is key in intensifying the WNPSH in late summerLocal air‐sea feedback is strong enough in maintaining the WNPSH in late summerThe air‐sea interaction in the Indian Ocean is important for WNPSH
Video synthetic aperture radar (video-SAR) is a land-imaging mode where a sequence of images is continuously formed when the radar platform either flies by or circles the scene. In this paper, the ...fast backprojection (FBP) algorithm is introduced for video-SAR image formation. It avoids unnecessary duplication of processing for the overlapping parts between consecutive video frames and achieves O(N2 log N) complexity through a recursive procedure. To reduce the processing complexity in video-SAR system, the scene is partitioned into the general region (GR) and the region of interest (ROI). In different regions, different aperture lengths are used. The proposed method allows a direct trade between processing speed and focused quality for the GR, meanwhile reserving particular details in the ROI. The effectiveness is validated both for a simulated scene and for X-band SAR measurements from the Gotcha data set.
The cause of severe droughts over the Southwest China (SWC) during the local dry season is investigated based on the station rainfall data and the National Centers for Environmental ...Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data during 1951–2010. The droughts are in general consistent with local anomalous descent in the middle troposphere. The diagnosis of the vertical motion (omega) equation indicates that the local descent is primarily maintained by the anomalous cold temperature advection processes. Both the advection of anomalous temperature by mean wind and the advection of mean temperature by anomalous wind contribute to maintaining the anomalous descent over the SWC region. A composite analysis shows that the circulation anomaly over SWC is induced by remote forcing from the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. During La Niña years, enhanced heating over the Maritime Continent induces anomalous downward motion over SWC through the connection of local Hadley circulation. Adiabatic warming associated with the downward motion helps to set up and maintain the local anomalous anticyclone. Another possible route is through the North Atlantic-Asia teleconnection, in which downstream Rossby wave energy propagation plays a crucial role. A negative-phase North Atlantic Oscillation may trigger a large-scale wave train pattern that induces an anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical Asia and promotes the dry condition over SWC.
Fractures in hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs are the locations where heating fluid flows exchange heat with the HDR matrix. Cold shock with liquid nitrogen is one method for stimulating cracks. This ...study investigates the evolution law of fracture aperture under cold shock with liquid nitrogen. The real-time high-temperature triaxial servo control rock testing machine was used to conduct permeability experiments to examine the fracture aperture of single-fracture granite during liquid nitrogen shock cycles at various temperatures. The effects of pore pressure, temperature, and shocking cycles on the fracture aperture are analyzed, and the difference in fracture aperture variation under liquid nitrogen cooling and natural cooling modes is compared. The results showed that (1) during liquid nitrogen cooling, the fracture aperture expands as pore pressure rises; the effect of pore pressure on the fracture aperture becomes more robust as the number of liquid nitrogen shocking cycles and initial temperature increases; (2) under 1-2 soaking cycles, fracture aperture decreases as the temperature rises. Under two or more soaking cycles, the fracture aperture first increases and then decreases with increasing temperature; (3) when the initial temperature of fractured granite is 100°C, the fracture aperture is not significantly changed by repeated cold soaking cycles. However, with a higher initial temperature, the fracture aperture develops with more liquid nitrogen cold soaking cycles. The liquid nitrogen cooling method is more conducive to increasing the fracture aperture than natural cooling. The experimental results can provide primary experimental data for future research into controlling the evolution of granite cracks.
Multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a special mode of SAR system. The radar transmitter and receiver are located on different satellites, which brings many advantages, such as flexible ...baseline configuration, diverse receiving modes, and more detailed ground object classification information. The multistatic SAR has been widely used in interferometry, moving target detection, three-dimensional imaging, and other fields. The frequency offset between different oscillators will cause a modulation phase error in the signal. Therefore, phase synchronization is one of the most critical problems to be addressed in distributed SAR systems. This article reviews phase synchronization techniques, which are mainly divided into two methods: synchronization by direct microwave link and synchronization by a data-based estimation algorithm. Furthermore, the future development of synchronization technology is anticipated.
Most of Australia was in severe drought from 2018 to early 2020. Here we link this drought to the Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) modes associated with Central Pacific (CP) El ...Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Over the last 20 years, the occurrence frequency of CP El Niño has increased. This study extends the previous understanding of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño-Australian rainfall teleconnections, exhibiting that CP El Niño can bring much broader and stronger rainfall deficiencies than EP El Niño during austral spring (September–November) over the northern Australia (NAU), central inland Australia and eastern Australia (EAU). The correlations between SST fields and rainfall in three Cluster regions divided by clustering analysis also confirm this, with rainfall variability in most of Australia except southern Australia (SAU) most significantly driven by CP ENSO. Also, we demonstrate that the CP El Niño affects rainfall in extratropical EAU via the Pacific-South American (PSA) pattern. While the influence of EP El Niño is only confined in tropical NAU because its PSA pattern sits far too east to convey its variability. With the development of ENSO diversity since 2000, the footprint of El Niño on Australian rainfall has become more complex.
•The wavy characteristics of water film was experimentally investigated.•Water film flowing on horizontal metal surface with high-speed air shear driven.•The air speed is at 20.8–56.6 m/s, and film ...Reynolds number at 26–128.•Water film mean thickness are calculated at the range of 79–500 µm.•Wave peak frequency is about 0.06 s in time series and 4 mm in spatial series.
Aircraft icing poses a serious threat to flight safety. Unfrozen impinging water on the surface of the aircraft will run back under the effect of high-speed airflow, altering liquid distribution and heat transfer characteristics. In this paper, a series of experiments were conducted over a wide range of air speed (Ua = 20.8–56.6 m/s), film Reynolds number (Ref = 26–128) to investigate the dynamics of ultrathin water film on an Aluminum substrate. The analyses of water film thickness and wavy characteristics were conducted through the planar laser-induced fluorescence method, in which the variations of transient characteristics of water film thickness with both the air speed and flow rate were analyzed. The statistics of water film thickness characteristics indicates that, the ratio of surface roughness of water film to its mean thickness is 0.4–0.8. The variation of the wave parameters of gas-liquid interface with both the air speed and the Reynolds number of the water film are also presented and analyzed in detail, including the main frequency of wave, interface wave height, surface wave velocity, interface wave curvature, and wave length parameters. This work is helpful to fundamentally understanding the wavy characteristics of shear-driven water film, as well as optimize the de-icing system for aircraft.
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