Spatialization and analysis of the gross domestic product of second and tertiary industries (GDP23) can effectively depict the socioeconomic status of regional development. However, existing studies ...mainly conduct GDP spatialization using nighttime light data; few studies specifically concentrated on the spatialization and analysis of GDP23 in a built-up area by combining multi-source remote sensing images. In this study, the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral remote sensing images in six years were combined to precisely spatialize and analyze the variation patterns of the GDP23 in the built-up area of Zibo city, China. Sentinel-2 images and the random forest (RF) classification method based on PIE-Engine cloud platform were employed to extract built-up areas, in which the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and comprehensive nighttime light index were used to indicate the nighttime light magnitudes to construct models to spatialize GDP23 and analyze their change patterns during the study period. The results found that (1) the RF classification method can accurately extract the built-up area with an overall accuracy higher than 0.90; the change patterns of built-up areas varied among districts and counties, with Yiyuan county being the only administrative region with an annual expansion rate of more than 1%. (2) The comprehensive nighttime light index is a viable indicator of GDP23 in the built-up area; the fitted model exhibited an R2 value of 0.82, and the overall relative errors of simulated GDP23 and statistical GDP23 were below 1%. (3) The year 2018 marked a significant turning point in the trajectory of GDP23 development in the study area; in 2018, Zhoucun district had the largest decrease in GDP23 at −52.36%. (4) GDP23 gradation results found that Zhangdian district exhibited the highest proportion of high GDP23 (>9%), while the proportions of low GDP23 regions in the remaining seven districts and counties all exceeded 60%. The innovation of this study is that the GDP23 in built-up areas were first precisely spatialized and analyzed using the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and Sentinel-2 images. The findings of this study can serve as references for formulating improved city planning strategies and sustainable development policies.
Precise identification and spatial analysis of land salinity in China’s Yellow River Delta are essential for the rational utilization and sustainable development of land resources. However, the ...accurate retrieval model construction for monitoring land salinity remains challenging. This study constructed a land salinity retrieval framework using a harmonized UAV and Landsat-9 multi-spectral dataset. The Kenli district of the Yellow River Delta was selected as the case study area, and a land salinity monitoring index (LSMI) was proposed based on field survey data and UAV multi-spectral image and applied to the reflectance-corrected Landsat-9 OLI image. The land salinity distribution patterns were then mapped and spatially analyzed using Moran’s I and Getis-Ord GI* analysis. The results demonstrated the following: (1) The LSMI-based method can accurately retrieve land salinity content with a validation determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 0.75, 1.89, and 2.11, respectively. (2) Land salinization affected 93.12% of the cultivated land in the study area, and the severely saline soil grade (with a salinity content of 6–8 g/kg) covered 38.41% of the total cultivated land area and was widely distributed throughout the study area. (3) Saline land exhibited a positive spatial autocorrelation with a value of 0.311 at the p = 0.000 level; high–high cluster types occurred mainly in the Kendong and Huanghekou towns (80%), while low–low cluster types were mainly located in the Dongji, Haojia, Kenli, and Shengtuo towns (88.46%). The spatial characteristics of various salinity grades exhibit significant variations, and conducting separate spatial analyses is recommended for future studies.
Monitoring salinity information of salinized soil efficiently and precisely using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is critical for the rational use and sustainable development of arable land ...resources. The sensitive parameter and a precise retrieval method of soil salinity, however, remain unknown. This study strived to explore the sensitive parameter and construct an optimal method for retrieving soil salinity. The UAV-borne multispectral image in China's Yellow River Delta was acquired to extract band reflectance, compute vegetation indexes and soil salinity indexes. Soil samples collected from 120 different study sites were used for laboratory salt content measurements. Grey correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were employed to screen sensitive band reflectance and indexes. A new soil salinity retrieval index (SSRI) was then proposed based on the screened sensitive reflectance. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR), Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) methods were employed to construct retrieval models based on the sensitive indexes. The results found that green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) bands were sensitive to soil salinity, which can be used to build SSRI. The SSRI-based RF method was the optimal method for accurately retrieving the soil salinity. Its modeling determination coefficient (
) and Root Mean Square Error (
) were 0.724 and 1.764, respectively; and the validation
,
, and Residual Predictive Deviation (
) were 0.745, 1.879, and 2.211.
Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has been widely used in the removal of salts and trace organic pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to its superiority. ...A positive-charged composite NF membrane with an active skin layer was prepared by polyethyleneimine (PEI), trimethyl benzene chloride, and quaternate chitosan (HTCC) through second interfacial polymerization on the polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite membrane were investigated using surface morphology, hydrophilicity, surface charge, and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). The influence of the concentration and reaction time of PEI and HTCC was documented. The optimized membrane had a MWCO of about 481 Da and possessed a pure water permeability of 25.37 L·m
·h
·MPa
. The results also exhibited salt rejection ability as MgCl
> CaCl
> MgSO
> Na
SO
> NaCl > KCl, showing a positive charge on the fabricated membrane. In addition, the membrane had higher rejection to atenolol, carbamazepine, amlodipine, and ibuprofen at 89.46, 86.02, 90.12, and 77.21%, respectively. Moreover, the anti-fouling performance and stability of the NF membrane were also improved.
Assessing the impacts of future land use scenarios on ecosystem services can provide theoretical basis and reference for sustainable land use management. This study combined scenario analysis and ...quantitative assessment to monitor land use and ecosystem services in the intensive agricultural area of Qixia city, North China under three different scenarios, i.e. natural development, farmland and orchard to forest and farmland to forest and orchard, by using the GeoSoS-FLUS and the InVEST models. The integrated land use change impact index (ILUCII) and the single land use change impact index (SLUCII) were proposed to quantitatively depict the impact of different land use change scenarios on ecosystem services. The results demonstrated that:(1)Under the three land use scenarios, forest, farmland and orchard show different change patterns. Slope influences the soil and water conservation services, land use in greater than 15° slope section occupied more soil and water conservation services than 12–15° section and less than 12° section. In the same slope section, forest had the most soil and water conservation services compared with orchard and farmland.(2)The effects of different land use conversion on soil conservation services per study grid (90*90 m) in less than 12° slope section showed an order of farmland-forest > orchard-forest > farmland-orchard. In more than 12° slope section, the order is farmland-forest > farmland-orchard > orchard-forest. The effects of land use conversion on water conservation services per grid is farmland - forest > orchard - forest > farmland-orchard.(3)The total ILUCII on ecosystem services found that farmland and orchard to forest scenario (16517.54) > farmland to forest and orchard scenario (13074.12) > natural development scenario (−4975.02). The mean ILUCII on ecosystem services showed that farmland to forest and orchard scenario (0.63) > farmland and orchard to forest scenario (0.53) > natural development scenario (−0.11). The mean SLUCII on ecosystem services found that greater than 15° farmland to forest (0.89) > 12–15°farmland to orchard (0.49) > greater than 15°orchard to forest (0.34).
Polymeric cylinders, a fascinating type of nanostructures with high surface area, internal volume and rigidity, have been exploited as novel drug delivery vehicles over the past decade. However, it's ...still an open challenge to afford cylindrical nanostructures using polymeric building blocks via traditional self‐assembly processes. Herein, we report a hierarchical self‐assembly strategy of preparing cylindrical aggregates (tubisomes) from an amphiphilic supramolecular bottlebrush polymer in which a cyclic peptide nanotube is employed as the noncovalent backbone. Additionally, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect was introduced into the tubisomes to endow them with excellent fluorescent properties. Intriguingly, by encapsulating with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), both the fluorescence of tubisome and DOX can be quenched due to the energy transfer relay (ETR) effect. The release of DOX can induce the interruption of the ETR effect and recover the silenced fluorescence, thereby permitting the in‐situ imaging of drug release. The AIE‐featured supramolecular tubisomes reported here provide an alternative approach for fabricating cylindrical polymeric nanostructures and holds great potential for imaging‐guided drug delivery.
Aggregation‐induced emission featured cylindrical polymeric nanoparticles (tubisomes) are obtained from the hierarchical self‐assembly of an amphiphilic cyclic peptide polymer conjugate. Intriguingly, encapsulation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) can inactivate the fluorescence of both tubisome and DOX due to the energy transfer relay (ETR). The release of DOX can interrupt the ETR effect and light up the silenced fluorescence, thereby permitting the in‐situ visualization of drug release.
Phosphorite is generally used in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer and plays a vital role in the development of agricultural and food production. Nonetheless, how to obtain phosphorite ...concentrates efficiently and sustainably has become an urgent problem. In this study, a newly designed trisiloxane surfactant,
-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrisiloxane (AATS), has been prepared and utilized as an emerging collector for reverse flotation of phosphorite ore. Its collecting ability was compared with the conventional surfactant 1-dodecamine (DDA). In the collector concentration tests, AATS with lower concentrations showed stronger collecting ability for quartz. In the pH tests, AATS always performed better than DDA in the acidic or alkaline condition. In bench-scale flotation experiments, the P
O
recovery of phosphorite concentrates with 150 g/t AATS was 10.77% higher than that with 300 g/t DDA, which proved that AATS can be applied to the sustainable production of phosphorite concentrates. For a 4000 t/d phosphorite ore processing plant, the profit could be increased 7,014,702.07 USD every year by using AATS as the collector. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach to enhance the production efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
In this paper, using methyl cinnamate as raw material, the new cinnamic hydroxamic acid collector (CIHA) was synthesized by the hydroxylamine method. The collector performance of hydroxamic acid was ...investigated for scheelite and gangue calcite, and the flotation separation test of scheelite and calcite was carried out with CIHA as the collector. The interaction mechanism between hydroxamic acid and scheelite minerals has also been investigated through zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The single mineral flotation test and artificially mixed ore showed that CIHA had an excellent collection effect and selectivity. Zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS showed that CIHA was adsorbed on the scheelite surface by strong chemical adsorption. The active group of CIHA was analyzed through quantum chemical calculation. It was speculated that CO and NO bonds could synthesize a five-membered chelated hydroxamic acid group with Ca element chelate on scheelite surface, changing hydrophobicity and making it more likely to emerge from the pulp.
Monitoring the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution and evaluating its potential risks in the soil is essential for promoting regional socioeconomic development and ...maintaining the safety of the ecological environment. In this study, a representative coal mining region in Tai’an City, Chinas was selected as the study area, eight typical heavy metal elements (HMEs), i.g. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Ni in the topsoil (0–20 cm) of 59 randomly generated sample sites were measured and monitored through sampling, testing and statistical analysis, and their spatial distribution patterns were analyzed accordingly. The single factor pollution index（SFPI) method, comprehensive pollution index (CPI) method and potential ecological hazard index (PEHI) method were employed to systematically computed and analyzed the single factor, comprehensive pollution and potential ecological risks of the selected HMEs in the soil. Results found that: (1) the average measured content of these elements all exceeded the referenced background value. The Cr element pollution was the lowest (3.39%), while the pollution of Ni, Cd and Hg elements were the highest (86.44%, 83.05 % and 81.36%, respectively). (2) The comprehensive pollution level was above mild pollution at all sample sites, and the comprehensive pollution was mainly ranged in the mild pollution level (59.32%); The moderate pollution level of comprehensive potential ecological risk accounted for 64.41%, and the spatial distribution was annular from northwest to southeast. (3) The values of potential ecological risk index indicated that Hg and Cd were the main pollution elements in this coal mining region, and Cd had the highest pollution rate. The findings of this study can be used to evaluate the pollution in other coal regions, and provide reference for the decision-making of soil heavy metal pollution control.
Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-specific disease with high morbidity, which is linked to a high risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. N6-methyladenosine modification of ...RNA is emerging as an important epigenetic mechanism that is widely manifested in many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of m6A methylation in metabolic syndrome in offspring result from intrauterine hyperglycemia.
GDM mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet 1 weeks before pregnancy. The m6A RNA methylation quantification kit was used to detect liver tissue methylation levels. PCR array was used to determine the expression of the m6A methylation modification enzyme. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot were used to examine the expression of RBM15, METTL13, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP2. Subsequently, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing combined with mRNA sequencing, followed by dot blot and glucose uptake tests, were performed.
In this study, we found that offspring from a GDM mother were more vulnerable to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. GC-MS revealed significant metabolic changes including saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in liver of GDM offspring. We also demonstrated that global mRNA m6A methylation level was significantly increased in the fetal liver of GDM mice, indicating epigenetic change may have a strong relationship with the mechanism of metabolism syndrome. Concordantly, RBM15, the RNA binding methyltransferase, was upregulated in the liver. In vitro, RBM15 suppressed insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance through m6A-regulated epigenetic inhabitation of CLDN4. Moreover, MeRIP-sequencing and mRNA-sequencing revealed that differently regulated genes with differential m6A peaks were enriched in metabolic pathways.
Our study revealed the essential role of RBM15 in insulin resistance and the effect of RBM15-regulated m6A modification in the metabolic syndrome of offspring of GDM mice.
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