Recent development of spatial transcriptomic technologies has made it possible to characterize cellular heterogeneity with spatial information. However, the technology often does not have sufficient ...resolution to distinguish neighboring cell types. Here, we present spatialDWLS, to quantitatively estimate the cell-type composition at each spatial location. We benchmark the performance of spatialDWLS by comparing it with a number of existing deconvolution methods and find that spatialDWLS outperforms the other methods in terms of accuracy and speed. By applying spatialDWLS to a human developmental heart dataset, we observe striking spatial temporal changes of cell-type composition during development.
Zhejiang Province achieved one of the best records in containing the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. What lessons can the world learn from it? What roles do community‐based organizations play in this ...success story? Based on more than 100 interviews during and after the outbreak in Zhejiang, this article provides a road map of how community‐based organizations were involved in the three distinct stages of Zhejiang's response to COVID‐19. The authors recommend that public sector leaders (1) strategically leverage the strengths of community‐based organizations at multiple stages of the COVID‐19 response; (2) incentivize volunteers to participate in epidemic prevention and control; (3) provide data infrastructure and digital tracking platforms; and (4) build trust and long‐term capacity of community‐based organizations.
Deploying cache and computing resources in 5G mobile communication networks is considered an important way to reduce network transmission delay and redundant content transmission, improve content ...distribution efficiency and network computing processing capabilities. Through the construction of 5G user experience models for mobile augmented reality and tactile internet, the subjective expected experience of 5G users in mobile augmented reality applications is investigated. Based on the experimental results, the composition of mobile augmented reality, and the factors that affect 5G user, mobile 5G user experience model for augmented reality is as a design goal for mobile augmented reality. And research on mobile edge cloud computing powered by renewable energy. Based on the analysis of renewable energy, a 5G user computing task delay and power grid power consumption minimization model was established. It is decomposed into two sub-problems of computational resource allocation and task placement using alternating optimization. The sub-problems of computing tasks under renewable energy supply are obtained by solving the sub-problems. The experimental results show that the offload mode proposed in this paper is superior to the other two modes when the processing ratio before and after the task is less than 1, and the user contact frequency is greater than 0.0014. At the same time, it is obtained that the service node with higher mobility and larger computing power is allocated. The more workload, the more energy can be reduced in the network, thereby improving the performance of the system.
This article investigates the determinants of nonprofits' involvement in cogovernance, or the planning and design of public services, using a unique data set of park‐supporting nonprofit ...organizations in large U.S. cities. The results indicate that nonprofits are more likely to get involved in cogovernance when they are younger, larger, and operate in communities that are more resourceful and stable. In addition, the likelihood of nonprofits' involvement in cogovernance is negatively associated with the level of social capital and government capacity to provide corresponding public services. The article points to an emerging mode of government‐nonprofit collaboration that goes beyond the production and delivery of public services. As public managers face extensive challenges in sustaining the desired level of public services, these findings have important policy implications for efforts to promote citizen participation and cross‐sector solutions to complex social problems.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health problem with high incidence and mortality. As a form of programmed cell death (PCD), ferroptosis could be considered as a process of iron ...accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Recently, the fundamental roles of ferroptosis in AKI have attracted much attention. The network mechanism of ferroptosis in AKI and its roles in the AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition is complicated and multifactorial. Strategies targeting ferroptosis show great potential. Here, we review the research progress on ferroptosis and its participation in AKI. We hope that this work will provide clues for further studies of ferroptosis in AKI.
1,4‐Dicarbonyl compounds are intriguing motifs and versatile precursors in numerous pharmaceutical molecules and bioactive natural compounds. Direct incorporation of two carbonyl groups into a double ...bond at both ends is straightforward, but also challenging. Represented herein is the first example of 1,2‐dicarbonylation of alkenes by photocatalysis. Key to success is that N(n‐Bu)4+ not only associates with the alkyl anion to avoid protonation, but also activates the α‐keto acid to undergo electrophilic addition. The α‐keto acid is employed both for acyl generation and electrophilic addition. By tuning the reductive and electrophilic ability of the acyl precursor, unsymmetric 1,4‐dicarbonylation is achieved for the first time. This metal‐free, redox‐neutral and regioselective 1,2‐dicarbonylation of alkenes is executed by a photocatalyst for versatile substrates under extremely mild conditions and shows great potential in biomolecular and drug molecular derivatization.
Direct incorporation of two carbonyl groups into a double bond by diacylation is achieved for the first time via visible‐light catalysis. Key to success is that N(n‐Bu)4+ not only associates with the alkyl anion to avoid protonation, but also activates the α‐keto acid to undergo electrophilic addition. The metal‐free, redox‐neutral and regioselective symmetric and unsymmetric 1,2‐dicarbonylation of alkenes has the potential for many applications.
The
p
-Carleson measure in the unit ball of quaternions is introduced in terms of the symmetric box. When
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=
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or
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=
2
, the
p
-Carleson measure becomes the Carleson measure for the Hardy or ...Bergman spaces, respectively. A criterion for a measure to be a
p
-Carleson measure is provided in terms of slice Cauchy kernels. Bergman type integral operators are shown to preserve the
p
-Carleson measure in some sense. As applications, we provide a global characterization of the slice Campanato space and the slice
Q
p
S
R
space. We also establish an isomorphism between these spaces via fractional order derivatives and introduce slice Jones estimates, which measure distances between functions from the slice Bloch space to the slice
Q
p
S
R
space.
Increasing evidences have shown strong associations between gut microbiota and many human diseases, and understanding the dynamic crosstalks of host-microbe interaction in the gut has become ...necessary for the detection, prevention, or therapy of diseases. Many reports have showed that diet, nutrient, pharmacologic factors and many other stimuli play dominant roles in the modulation of gut microbial compositions. However, it is inappropriate to neglect the impact of host factors on shaping the gut microbiota. In this review, we highlighted the current findings of the host factors that could modulate the gut microbiota. Particularly the epithelium-associated factors, including the innate immune sensors, anti-microbial peptides, mucus barrier, secretory IgAs, epithelial microvilli, epithelial tight junctions, epithelium metabolism, oxygen barrier, and even the microRNAs are discussed in the context of the microbiota shaping. With these shaping factors, the gut epithelial cells could select the residing microbes and affect the microbial composition. This knowledge not only could provide the opportunities to better control many diseases, but may also be used for predicting the success of fecal microbiota transplantation clinically.
High-throughput single-cell technologies have great potential to discover new cell types; however, it remains challenging to detect rare cell types that are distinct from a large population. We ...present a novel computational method, called GiniClust, to overcome this challenge. Validation against a benchmark dataset indicates that GiniClust achieves high sensitivity and specificity. Application of GiniClust to public single-cell RNA-seq datasets uncovers previously unrecognized rare cell types, including Zscan4-expressing cells within mouse embryonic stem cells and hemoglobin-expressing cells in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. GiniClust also correctly detects a small number of normal cells that are mixed in a cancer cell population.
Spatial transcriptomic and proteomic technologies have provided new opportunities to investigate cells in their native microenvironment. Here we present Giotto, a comprehensive and open-source ...toolbox for spatial data analysis and visualization. The analysis module provides end-to-end analysis by implementing a wide range of algorithms for characterizing tissue composition, spatial expression patterns, and cellular interactions. Furthermore, single-cell RNAseq data can be integrated for spatial cell-type enrichment analysis. The visualization module allows users to interactively visualize analysis outputs and imaging features. To demonstrate its general applicability, we apply Giotto to a wide range of datasets encompassing diverse technologies and platforms.
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