Abstract Objectives to evaluate the prognostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from MR diffusion-weighted imaging of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after ...chemoembolization. Methods our study was proved by our institute and informed consent was obtained from all patients before commencement of the study. Twenty-three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were scanned immediately before and after chemoembolization within 24 h using conventional anatomical MR imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging, from which ADC values in the lesions were measured. The changes in ADC values after chemoembolization were calculated. The relationship between the lesion ADC and the survival time was analyzed by correlation analysis. The overall cumulative survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival curves were compared by the log-rank test. Results the mean overall survival period was (25.0 ± 8.7) months. The pre-chemoembolization lesion ADC value was (1.36 ± 0.249) ×10−3 mm2 /s; the change in ADC values post-chemoembolization was (0.377 ± 0.332) ×10−3 mm2 /s. There were significant linear regression relation between the survival time and pre-chemoembolization lesion ADC values ( r = −0.698, P < 0.001) or the changes in ADC value post-chemoembolization ( r = 0.702, P < 0.001). And Log-rank test showed that pre-chemoembolization ADC values ( χ2 = 7.339, P = 0.007) or the changes in ADC value post-chemoembolization ( χ2 = 9.820, P = 0.002) significantly influenced the overall cumulative survival. Conclusion Pre-treatment ADC values as well as changes in ADC values after treatment may provide useful information for predicting survival for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
We report efficient frequency doubling (FD) at 776nm using periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) in a ring cavity pumped by a commercial erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) operating at 1552nm. Two sets ...of input couplers are used that have been optimized to operate in the low pump and high pump regimes. The maximum conversion efficiencies measured for these couplers are 65.8% (transmittance T=4.5%) and 65.9% (T=9.1%). The internal conversion efficiencies are 85.0% and 88.2%, respectively, after the mode-matching efficiency and filtering transmittance have been taken into account. The maximum output powers obtained for the two couplers are 333mW and 602mW at pump powers of 535mW and 999mW, respectively. Coupling efficiency of more than 80% to single mode fibers indicates the high beam quality of the FD laser. This FD laser will be useful for quantum optics experiments in the telecommunications band and atomic physics experiments.
•High efficiency frequency doubling at 776-nm is reported.•The cavity is optimized to operate in both low and high pump regime.•The doubling laser has high beam quality and broad wavelength tuning ability.
The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite ...the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M−1, and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC5A, a conjugated corral‐shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one‐dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC5A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M−1 towards several size‐matched, rod‐shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka=106–108 M−1). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC5A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC5A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.
A new water‐soluble corral‐shaped conjugated host bearing ten sulfate groups at its two rims—namely, SC5A—was synthesized. SC5A not only exhibited ultrahigh binding affinities (up to 1011 M−1) towards a series of rod‐shaped substrates, but also effectively bound (Ka=106–108 M−1) a wide range of functional substrates. Additionally, the application of SC5A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide was explored.
The images of post atmospheric correction reflectance (PAC), top of atmosphere reflectance (TOA), and digital number (DN) of a SPOT5 HRG remote sensing image of Nanjing, China were used to derive ...four vegetation indices (VIs), i. e., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), transformed vegetation index (TVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), and 36 VI-VFC relationship models were established based on these VIs and the VFC data obtained from ground measurement. The results showed that among the models established, the cubic polynomial models based on NDVI and TVI from PAC were the best, followed by those based on SAVI and MSAVI from DN, with the accuracy being slightly higher than that of the former two models when VFC > 0.8. The accuracy of these four models was higher in middle-densely vegetated areas (VFC = 0.4-0.8) than in sparsely vegetated areas (VFC = 0-0.4). All the established models could be used in other places via the introduction of
Objective: To quantify the pressure distribution of lumbar intervertebral discs and zygapophyseal joints with different degrees of distraction of the interspinous processes by using a new ...shape‐memory interspinous process stabilization device, and to research the relationship between changing disc and zygapophyseal joint loads and the degree of distraction of interspinous processes, and thus optimize usage of the implant.
Methods: Six cadaver lumbar specimens (L2–L5) were loaded. The loads in disc and zygapophyseal joints were recorded at each L3‐4 disc level. Implants with different spacer heights were then placed by turn and the pressure measurements repeated.
Results: An implant with 10 mm spacer height does not significantly share the load. A 12 mm implant reduces the posterior annulus load, and meanwhile decreases the zygapophyseal joints pressure, but only in extension. A 14 mm implant shares the loads of posterior annulus, nucleus, and zygapophyseal joints in extension and the neutral position, but slightly increases the anterior annulus' load. Though 16–20 mm implants do decrease the loads in the posterior annulus and zygapophyseal joints, the anterior annulus' load was apparently increased.
Conclusion: Different degrees of distraction of the interspinous processes lead to different load distribution on the intervertebral disc. The implant tested is not appropriate in cases of serious spinal stenosis because of the contradiction that, while over‐distraction of the interspinous processes decreases the posterior annulus and the zygapophyseal joints load and distracts the intervertebral foramina, it leads to a marked increase in the load of the anterior annulus, which is recognized to accelerate disc degeneration.
A novel cyclic peroxide, shuangkangsu (1), has been obtained from the water extract of the buds of Lonicera japonica (Thunb.). The structure was elucidated as ...5,8-divinyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-di-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2,3-dioxane (1) on the basis of the spectral data. Its absolute stereochemistry was determined to be (1S, 4S) by comparison of its CD curves with those of its optically pure analogs 2 and 3, which were synthesized from the phthalaldehyde. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined to be (1R, 4R) and (1S, 4S) by X-ray analysis and CD spectra, respectively. Compound 1 showed significant antiviral activities against influenza virus in chicken embryo and respiratory syncytial virus in cells.
The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite ...the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M−1, and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC5A, a conjugated corral‐shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one‐dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC5A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M−1 towards several size‐matched, rod‐shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka=106–108 M−1). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC5A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC5A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.
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