Emotions can influence and regulate learners' attention, memory, thinking, and other cognitive activities. The similarities and differences between English and non-English majors in terms of English ...classroom learning engagement were compared, and the significant factors affecting the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement of the two groups of students in the English classroom were different. English majors' affective engagement in the classroom was not significant, which was largely related to their time and frequency of English learning. Traditional methods of learner emotion recognition suffer from low recognition rate, complex algorithms, poor robustness, and easy to lose key information about facial expression features. The paper proposes a convolutional neural network-based learner emotion recognition method, which includes three convolutional layers, three pooling layers, and one fully connected layer. In the future, the method will can be applied to the construction of smart learning environments, providing technical support for improving learner models, realizing emotional interactions, and mining learning behaviors, etc.
An artificial neural network (ANN) optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is an established prediction model of bending force in hot strip rolling. The data are collected from factory of steel ...manufacture. Entrance temperature and thickness, exit thickness, strip width, rolling force, rolling speed, roll shifting, target profile, and yield strength of strip are selected to be independent variables as network inputs. MATLAB software is utilized for establishing GA-ANN model and achieving the purpose of obtaining the bending force as results of setup model, as well as the GA method is used to optimize the initial weights and biases of the backpropagation neural network. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient are adapted to evaluate the performance of the model. The predictive results are compared with the measured results to verify the accuracy of the GA-ANN prediction model. It is found that the optimization effect is the best with the population size 40 crossover probability of 0.7 and the mutation probability of 0.05 at the same time, the fitness function value can reach 80.7. In addition, the ANN architecture 9-11-1 trained with Bayesian regulation “trainbr” function has the best performance with mean absolute error of 0.01 and correlation coefficient of 0.983. With a deeper understanding of neural networks through the analysis of the GA-ANN model, the proposed model can be flexibly used for on-line controlling and rolling schedule optimizing.
Relying on a square lattice, the quantum phases of a three-components Bose–Hubbard model are studied under spin–orbit-coupling. With the help of an inhomogeneous Gutzwiller variational method, we ...discovered phase-separation in stripe phase as well as in the superfluid and supersolid phase. Concretely, three components can simultaneously present striped and commensurate structures to bring up a stripe phase of the total system.They would also come to different types of supersolid states, such as ‘composite supersolid’ and ‘array supersolid’, resulting in a supersolid phase on the whole. We further find that the superfluid phase divides into different supersolid states for three components in the phase-separation under strong spin–orbit-coupling.
•We study three-components bosons under spin orbit coupling on Bose–Hubbard model.•This work discovers the ‘composite supersolid’ and ‘array supersolid’ phase.•We shows the transition from the stripe phase to supersolid phase.•This work reveals the phase-separation in both stripe state and supersolid state.
With the serious impact of fossil fuels on the environment and the rapid development of the global economy, the development of clean and usable energy storage devices has become one of the most ...important themes of sustainable development in the world today. Supercapacitors are a new type of green energy storage device, with high power density, long cycle life, wide temperature range, and both economic and environmental advantages. In many industries, they have enormous application prospects. Electrode materials are an important factor affecting the performance of supercapacitors. MnO2‐based materials are widely investigated for supercapacitors because of their high theoretical capacitance, good chemical stability, low cost, and environmental friendliness. To achieve high specific capacitance and high rate capability, the current best solution is to use MnO2 and carbon composite materials. Herein, MnO2–carbon composite as supercapacitor electrode materials is reviewed including the synthesis method and research status in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of an MnO2–carbon based supercapacitor are summarized.
In this paper, the mechanism of MnO2‐based supercapacitors is summarized, and the synthesis method and research status of MnO2‐carbon based supercapacitor electrode materials in recent years are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of MnO2‐carbon based supercapacitors are discussed.
To examine the associations of vegetable and/or fruit consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Meta-analysis of observational studies.
The electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE ...were searched up to September 2017 for observational studies concerning the associations of vegetable and/or fruit consumption with MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest v. the lowest category of vegetable and/or fruit consumption, as well as their corresponding 95 % CI, were calculated.
A total of twenty-six observational studies (twenty cross-sectional, one case-control and five cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Specifically, sixteen studies were related to vegetable consumption and the overall multivariable-adjusted RR evidenced a negative association between vegetable consumption and MetS (RR=0·89, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·93; P<0·001). For fruit consumption, sixteen studies were included and the overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that fruit consumption was inversely associated with MetS (RR=0·81, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·88; P<0·001). For vegetable and fruit consumption, eight studies were included; the overall multivariable-adjusted RR showed that vegetable and fruit consumption was also negatively associated with MetS (RR=0·75, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·90; P=0·002).
The existing evidence suggests that vegetable and/or fruit consumption is negatively associated with MetS. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to elaborate the concerned issues further.
Colitis is a common disease of the colon that is very difficult to treat. Probiotic bacteria could be an effective treatment. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was engineered to ...synthesize the ketone body (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) for sustainable production in the gut lumen of mice suffering from colitis. Components of heterologous 3HB synthesis routes were constructed, expressed, optimized, and inserted into the EcN genome, combined with deletions in competitive branch pathways. The genome-engineered EcN produced the highest 3HB level of 0.6 g/L under microaerobic conditions. The live therapeutic was found to colonize the mouse gastrointestinal tract over 14 days, elevating gut 3HB and short-chain-length fatty acid (SCFA) levels 8.7- and 3.1-fold compared to those of wild-type EcN, respectively. The sustainable presence of 3HB in mouse guts promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria, especially Akkermansia spp., to over 31% from the initial 2% of all the microbiome. As a result, the engineered EcN termed EcNL4 ameliorated colitis induced via dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Compared to wild-type EcN or oral administration of 3HB, oral EcNL4 uptake demonstrated better effects on mouse weights, colon lengths, occult blood levels, gut tissue myeloperoxidase activity and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Thus, a promising live bacterium was developed to improve colonic microenvironments and further treat colitis. This proof-of-concept design can be employed to treat other diseases of the colon.
The intestine is the main organ for absorbing dietary fat. High dietary lipid intake leads to fat deposition in the intestine and adversely influences fat absorption and health, but the underlying ...mechanism is unknown.
We used yellow catfish and their isolated intestinal epithelial cells to test the hypothesis that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis mediate fat-induced changes in lipid metabolism.
Male and female yellow catfish (weight: 3.79 ± 0.16 g; age: 3 mo) were fed diets containing lipid at 6.98% (low-fat diet; LFD), 11.3% (middle-fat diet; MFD), or 15.4% (high-fat diet; HFD) (by weight) for 8 wk. Each dietary group had 3 replicates, 30 fish per replicate. Their intestinal epithelial cells were isolated and incubated for 24 h in control solution or various concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) with or without 2-h pretreatment with an inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), or Ac-DVED-CHO (AC). Triglyceride (TG) contents, genes, and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were determined in intestinal tissue and cells; immunoblotting, BODIPY 493/503 staining, ultrastructural observation, and the detection of autophagic and apoptotic vesicles were performed on intestinal cells.
Compared with the LFD and MFD, the HFD increased intestinal TG content by 120–226%, activities of lipogenic enzymes by 19.0–245%, expression of genes related to lipogenesis (0.77–8.4-fold), lipolysis (0.36–6.0-fold), FA transport proteins (0.79–1.7-fold), ER stress (0.55–7.5-fold), autophagy (0.56–4.2-fold), and apoptosis (0.80–5.2-fold). Using isolated intestinal epithelial cells and inhibitors (4-PBA, 3-MA, and AC), we found that ER stress mediated FA-induced activation of autophagy (11.0–50.1%) and apoptosis (10.4–32.0%), and lipophagy and apoptosis mediated FA-induced lipolysis (3.40–41.6%).
An HFD upregulated lipogenesis, lipolysis, and FA transport, induced ER stress, and activated autophagy and apoptosis. ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis play important regulatory roles in fat-induced changes in lipid metabolism in the intestine and intestinal epithelial cells of yellow catfish.
Background
Emerging evidence suggested that miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by regulating downstream target genes. miR-324-3p has been reported to function in several ...carcinomas, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. This study aims to explore the effects of miR-324-3p on the development of GC.
Methods
Expression of miR-324-3p was examined in GC cells and tissues by qRT-PCR. Effects of miR-324-3p on GC cells were evaluated by cell vitality assay, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, and flow cytometric assay. The dual luciferase assay was used to verify whether miR-324-3p could interact with the potential target genes. Western blot was used to assess the expression level of Smad4 and beta-catenin. Intracellular ATP level was also examined. The tumor xenografts were established using nude mice. A gastric organoid model was made from fresh stomach tissue.
Results
miR-324-3p was expressed at higher levels in the tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-324-3p promoted cell growth, migration, and decreased apoptosis. miR-324-3p repressed the expression of Smad4, and loss of Smad4 activated the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Overexpression of Smad4 rescued the effects of miR-324-3p on GC cells. The intracellular ATP level was upregulated with overexpression of miR-324-3p. miR-324-3p facilitated tumor cell colonization and growth in vivo and contributed to the growth of gastric organoids.
Conclusions
The results suggested that miR-324-3p promoted GC through activating the Smad4-mediated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The miR-324-3p/Smad4/Wnt signaling axis may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent GC progression.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Due to the growing economic burden of NAFLD on public health, it has become an emergent ...target for clinical intervention. DUSP12 is a member of the dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family, which plays important roles in brown adipocyte differentiation, microbial infection, and cardiac hypertrophy. However, the role of DUSP12 in NAFLD has yet to be clarified. Here, we reveal that DUSP12 protects against hepatic steatosis and inflammation in L02 cells after palmitic acid/oleic acid treatment. We demonstrate that hepatocyte specific DUSP12‐deficient mice exhibit high‐fat diet (HFD)–induced and high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet–induced hyperinsulinemia and liver steatosis and decreased insulin sensitivity. Consistently, DUSP12 overexpression in hepatocyte could reduce HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation. At the molecular level, steatosis in the absence of DUSP12 was characterized by elevated apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which mediates the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and hepatic metabolism. DUSP12 physically binds to ASK1, promotes its dephosphorylation, and inhibits its action on ASK1‐related proteins, JUN N‐terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in order to inhibit lipogenesis under high‐fat conditions. Conclusion: DUSP12 acts as a positive regulator in hepatic steatosis and offers potential therapeutic opportunities for NAFLD.
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