A series of CeO
2
–WO
3
/20%ATP-TiO
2
catalysts were synthesized, of which attapulgite (ATP) was modified by different methods. Notably, after ATP was dissociated and acidified, the catalyst ...synthesized by the impregnation method exhibited satisfactory performance for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NO
x
with NH
3
. In more detail, the NO conversion could reach to 88% at 240 °C and maintain above 93% in the temperature range of 280–400 °C. Subsequently, the NO conversion of the best catalyst could keep above 80% after introducing H
2
O and SO
2
, so this catalyst also had strong tolerance to H
2
O and SO
2
performance. Besides, the results of XRD, XPS, TEM characterizations suggested that the high dispersion of active species cerium and tungsten on the surface of ATP, which played an important role in improving the SCR performance of the catalyst. In short, the surface dissociation and surface acidification of a small amount of ATP carrier can improve the catalyst catalytic performance, so it will have a broad application prospect in SCR reaction.
In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) Cu-Ce-Ox catalysts with controllable pore diameters were rationally designed and synthesized by a facile hard-template method. By controlling the calcination ...temperature, the 3D Cu-Ce-Ox catalysts with different pores were synthesized by nano-replication technology with KIT-6 as hard template. These catalysts expressed 3D pore structure, possessed higher pore volume and large pores, and owned more surface active sites, which were helpful for CO oxidation. When the calcination temperature of Cu-Ce-Ox was 600 °C, this catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity. The reason was due to its relatively stronger redox ability and surface activity species. More Ce
3+
, Cu
+
and chemisorbed oxygen concentration was very useful in achieving the highest catalytic performance.
In this paper, 3D Cu-Ce-Ox catalysts with different pores were synthesized by controlling the calcination temperaturre. The CeCu20-600 showed the highest catalytic activity, where CO can be fully oxidized at 55 °C and expressed good stability.
Mesoporous WO
3
–TiO
2
support was synthesized by hydrothermal method, mesoporous V
2
O
5
/WO
3
–TiO
2
catalyst was synthesized by impregnation method and used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) ...of NO
x
with a excellent NO
x
conversion at a wider operating temperature ranging from 200 to 460 °C. In the range of 260–440 °C, NO
x
conversion reached to 98.6%, and nearly a complete conversion. Even with the existence of 300 ppm SO
2
, NO
x
conversion was only a little decline. The catalyst was characterized by a series of techniques, such as XRD, BET, XPS, TEM, Raman and H
2
-TPR. It was concluded that V
2
O
5
/WO
3
–TiO
2
catalyst was ascribe to antase TiO
2
, and also the high crystallinity of anatase TiO
2
could improve the SCR performance. More interested, V
2
O
5
/WO
3
–TiO
2
catalyst exhibited the typical mesoporous structure according to the BET results. In addition, the TEM results indicated that the active components of V and W were well-dispersed on the surface of TiO
2
, while the enhancement of dispersion could improve the activity of catalysts. More importantly, the concentration ratio of V
4+
/(V
5+
+ V
4+
+ V
3+
) performed the key role in improving the activity of V
2
O
5
/WO
3
–TiO
2
catalyst.
The Sika Deer is a valuable and traditional animal that has been used for its medicinal properties for over 2,000 years in China, making its first appearance in the Shennong's Classic of the Materia ...Medica during the Han Dynasty. Modern research has shown that the main by-products of Sika Deer are rich in a variety of active ingredients, including free amino acids, peptides, chondroitin sulphate, prostaglandins, phospholipids, hormones, biogenic amines, inorganic elements, etc. The effects of Sika Deer are extremely wide-ranging. Its efficacy is also extremely wide, such as the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, physical fitness, delay aging, enhance immunity. From human consumption of venison and blood treatment of disease, has been a history of thousands of years, deer products have been basically formed. Deer products have basically formed a system and scale that can be used for food or medicine. Deer products refer to the products and products of various deer species of the deer family, with antlers, blood, whips, tires, bones and meat as raw materials are widely used in food, medicine, health food and other industries. In recent years, there have been many researches on the chemical composition analysis, pharmacological effects and clinical effects of the main by-products of deer, and the main by-products of deer have shown good medicinal value and have a broad market prospect. The biological effects of antler, fetus, heart, blood and whip were reviewed to summarize their biological effects and to improve the social, economic and biological values of Sika deer. And biological value of the plum blossom deer, so as to provide theoretical references for subsequent research.
Summary
Gibberellin 2‐oxidases (GA2oxs) are a group of 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases that catalyse the deactivation of bioactive GA or its precursors through 2β‐hydroxylation reaction. In ...this study, putatively novel switchgrass C20 GA2ox genes were identified with the aim of genetically engineering switchgrass for improved architecture and reduced biomass recalcitrance for biofuel. Three C20 GA2ox genes showed differential regulation patterns among tissues including roots, seedlings and reproductive parts. Using a transgenic approach, we showed that overexpression of two C20 GA2ox genes, that is PvGA2ox5 and PvGA2ox9, resulted in characteristic GA‐deficient phenotypes with dark‐green leaves and modified plant architecture. The changes in plant morphology appeared to be associated with GA2ox transcript abundance. Exogenous application of GA rescued the GA‐deficient phenotypes in transgenic lines. Transgenic semi‐dwarf lines displayed increased tillering and reduced lignin content, and the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio accompanied by the reduced expression of lignin biosynthetic genes compared to nontransgenic plants. A moderate increase in the level of glucose release in these transgenic lines might be attributed to reduced biomass recalcitrance as a result of reduced lignin content and lignin composition. Our results suggest that overexpression of GA2ox genes in switchgrass is a feasible strategy to improve plant architecture and reduce biomass recalcitrance for biofuel.
Wetlands have important ecological value. The application of wetland remote sensing is essential for the timely and accurate analysis of the current situation in wetlands and dynamic changes in ...wetland resources, but high-resolution remote sensing images display nonobvious boundaries between wetland types. However, high classification accuracy and time efficiency cannot be guaranteed simultaneously. Extraction of wetland type information based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images is a bottleneck that has hindered wetland development research and change detection. This paper proposes an automatic and efficient method for extracting wetland type information. First, the object-oriented multiscale segmentation method is used to realize the fine segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images, and then the deep convolutional neural network model AlexNet is used to classify automatically the types of wetland images. The method is verified in a case study involving field-measured data, and the classification results are compared with those of traditional classification methods. The results show that the proposed method can more accurately and efficiently extract different wetland types in high-resolution remote sensing images than the traditional classification methods. The proposed method will be helpful in the extension and application of wetland remote sensing technology and will provide technical support for the protection, development, and utilization of wetland resources.
Detecting the concavity and convexity of three-dimensional (3D) geometric objects is a well-established challenge in the realm of computer graphics. Serving as the cornerstone for various related ...graphics algorithms and operations, researchers have put forth numerous algorithms for discerning the concavity and convexity of such objects. The majority of existing methods primarily rely on Euclidean geometry, determining concavity and convexity by calculating the vertices of these objects. However, within the realm of Euclidean geometric space, there exists a lack of uniformity in the expression and calculation rules for geometric objects of differing dimensions. Consequently, distinct concavity and convexity detection algorithms must be tailored for geometric objects with varying dimensions. This approach inevitably results in heightened complexity and instability within the algorithmic structure. To address these aforementioned issues, this paper introduces geometric algebra theory into the domain of concavity and convexity detection within 3D spatial objects. With the algorithms devised in this study, it becomes feasible to detect concavity and convexity for geometric objects of varying dimensions, all based on a uniform set of criteria. In comparison to concavity-convexity detection algorithms grounded in Euclidean geometry, this research effectively streamlines the algorithmic structure.
Porous Co3O4 nanocatalysts with tunable size were fabricated by solvothermal method using different solvent, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol and water, respectively. After that, the Pd was ...successfully loaded on the Co3O4 precursor by impregnation method to obtain Pd/Co3O4 catalysts, which were used in toluene total oxidation. The catalyst prepared with ethanol as solvent (Pd/Co3O4‐E) exhibited excellent catalytic performance and the total conversion temperature (T100) was 200 °C at a weight hourly space velocity of 21000 h−1. The influence factors for the performance of the catalysts were characterized by a series of techniques. The SEM, TEM and XRD results of Pd/Co3O4 catalysts displayed the different structure by using different solvent and the Pd/Co3O4‐E exhibited the largest size about 13.6 nm. The BET surface area, surface adsorbed oxygen of the Pd/Co3O4 leaded to the superior activity for toluene total oxidation. The catalytic performance of Pd/Co3O4 catalysts was also associated with the effect of BET surface area of Co3O4 support on Pd dispersion, surface active oxygen and the interaction between Pd nanoparticles and Co3O4.
Different nanoparticles sizes of Co3O4 were fabricated via the solvothermal method, and Pd/Co3O4 catalyst was successfully fabricated by impregnation methods for the removal of toluene. The Pd nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the Co3O4 sample. The Pd/Co3O4 catalyst prepared with ethanol as solvent exhibits an unexpected, surprisingly high catalytic activity.
In this paper, the shapes of TiO.sub.2 were regulated by changing the solvent and hydrothermal temperature. CeO.sub.2-WO.sub.3/TiO.sub.2 catalysts were further synthesized by impregnation method and ...used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO.sub.x. By a series of regulations, the SCR performance was improved by the further modulation of TiO.sub.2 shape. The results showed that with the hydrothermal temperature increase from 80 to 200 °C, and the shape of catalysts emerged particle state, rod-like structure, flower-like structure and large particle state, respectively. The formation process of flower-like TiO.sub.2 was proposed according to the shape change with the increase of hydrothermal temperature. Prominently, the shape of TiO.sub.2 precursor would change the crystallographic plane of CeO.sub.2-WO.sub.3/TiO.sub.2-A catalysts. When the hydrothermal temperature was 120 °C, the catalysts showed the best SCR performance. This might be due to the high surface atomic ratio of O.sub.alpha/(O.sub.alpha + O.sub.beta) and the high transformation of Ce.sup.3+ and Ce.sup.4+, which were beneficial for the SCR performance. CeO.sub.2-WO.sub.3/TiO.sub.2-A-120 also exhibited an excellent resistance of H.sub.2O. However, when enduring the SO.sub.2 or both enduring the SO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, the activity of catalysts had an obvious decrease due to the production of Ce.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3.
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