Controlled particle sizes of ZIF-67 were synthesized via reflux method, including 400 nm, 800 nm and 1.7 μm. Meanwhile, the paper successfully synthesized the Co3O4 hollow polyhedron by pyrolysis of ...ZIF-67 and the roasted products retained the nanosize and shape of the MOF precursor. It is applied for the catalytic oxidation of toluene, antecedently.
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•A series of hollow Co3O4 polyhedron with different sizes were synthesized via pyrolysis of ZIF-67.•Co-based metal-organic framework material was applied to the catalytic oxidation of toluene, antecedently.•The 400 nm catalyst owned superior catalytic performance and stability.
A series of hollow Co3O4 polyhedron with different sizes were successfully synthesized via pyrolysis of ZIF-67, which was applied to the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Notably, the size effect of hollow Co3O4 polyhedron on the catalytic oxidation of toluene was systematically investigated. It was worth mentioning that the samples still retained the nanosize and shapes of the MOF precursor according to SEM and TEM results. Especially, the Co3O4-400 catalyst with 400 nm size exhibited superior catalytic performance, and the complete conversion temperature of toluene (T100) was 280 °C. Through a series of characterizations, it was concluded that the particles size of hollow Co3O4 polyhedron could evidently alter their surface atomic ratio of Co3+/Co2+. Simultaneously, we discovered that the catalytic performance of hollow Co3O4 polyhedron was obviously improved with the increase of surface atomic ratio of Co3+/Co2+. In addition, lots of surface adsorbed oxygen would speed up the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Furthermore, no significant decrease in catalytic performance was observed over 30 h at 250 °C on the Co3O4-400 sample, which indicated that it exhibited excellent stability for toluene oxidation. Therefore, it showed potential as a metal-oxide catalyst in elimination of toluene.
•Analysis of spatiotemporal variability of soil-water content in gravel-mulched field.•A large sample size was needed to estimate the field-mean soil water content under dry conditions.•Soil water ...contents among sampling campaigns exhibit significant temporal stability.•One representative point can be determined to well estimate the field-mean soil water content.
Characterizing the spatiotemporal variability of soil-water content (SWC) is of paramount importance in many scientific fields and operational applications. We present a case study of the temporal stability and variability of SWC in a gravel-mulched field, a form of mulching that has been widely used by farmers on the loessial area of China for over 300years, using Spearman correlation coefficients, frequency distributions and an index of temporal stability. SWC was measured weekly from May to August 2013 in the 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–50cm layers. SWC was more variable in the surface soil, due to several environmental factors, and the variability gradually decreased with depth. A large sample size was needed for estimating the mean SWC of the field under dry conditions. High Spearman correlation coefficients between the SWCs measured on different sampling campaigns indicated a high temporal stability. The stability of the SWC spatial patterns over time and along the soil profile allowed us to identify a location representative of the field-mean SWC, with high coefficients of determination ranging between 0.8564 and 0.9325. The large-scale monitoring of SWC from few observations is thus feasible, which will aid the management of soil moisture in gravel-mulched fields in arid regions.
In this paper, in situ growth of Co3O4 nano-dodecahedra on In2O3 hexagonal prisms were synthesized via pyrolysis of ZIF-67/MIL-68. Interestingly, the amount of Co3O4 dodecahedra on In2O3 hexagonal ...prisms was regularly regulated and controlled. In detail, four Co3O4/In2O3 catalysts with various Co/In molar ratio were prepared, including Co4In1 (Co/In molar ratio was 4:1), Co2In1 (Co/In molar ratio was 2:1), Co1In1 (Co/In molar ratio was 1:1), Co0.5In1 (Co/In molar ratio was 0.5:1). The catalytic performance of Co3O4/In2O3 catalysts was systematically investigated for toluene combustion. It could be noted that the Co2In1 sample exhibited the superior catalytic performance, and the temperatures for 90% toluene conversion (T90) was 182 °C. Furthermore, the toluene conversion of Co2In1 sample had no significant decrease at 178 °C for 15 h, indicating that it presented superior stability for toluene oxidation reaction. Through various characterizations, it was verified that the Co/In molar ratio of Co3O4/In2O3 catalyst could obviously alter the surface atomic ratio of Co3+/(Co3+ + Co2+), BET surface area, the number of surface adsorbed oxygen, the interaction between In2O3 and Co3O4 of CoInOx catalysts and so on. The lots of surface adsorbed oxygen, strong interaction between In2O3 and Co3O4 would promote the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Especially, we discovered that the catalytic activity of Co3O4/In2O3 was obviously improved with the increase of Co3+/(Co3+ + Co2+) surface atomic ratio.
At present, the traditional control strategy of heating systems is still unable to achieve building heating on demand, which enhances the energy consumption of heating and affects the thermal comfort ...of buildings. Therefore, this study puts forward a novel data-driven MPC for building thermal inlet, which allows the optimal operation of the district heating system and has been verified by simulation with three public buildings. In this method, the indoor temperature at the next moment reaches the temperature set value by changing the current flow rate. First, based on the energy consumption monitoring platform and the measured data of the buildings, the building indoor temperature prediction model at the next moment is established by using long short-term memory (LSTM). Compared with subspace model identification (SMI), LSTM has higher prediction accuracy, and the R2 was about 0.9 in three buildings. Second, the particle generated by particle swarm optimization, which represents the flow variation, is input to the trained LSTM to predict the indoor temperature. By minimizing the objective function, the optimal flow change at the current time can be calculated. The results showed that the MPC based on a data-driven model can adjust the flow rate in time to maintain a stable indoor temperature with ±0.5 °C error. In addition, when the temperature setting needs to be changed, the indoor temperature can reach the new set value in 3 h, which outperforms the PID control. The method proposed in this paper can greatly reduce the influence of regulation lag by adjusting the flow in advance.
As the foundation for digitalization, building information modeling (BIM) technology has been widely used in the field of architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AEC/FM). ...Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photogrammetry and laser scanning have become increasingly popular data acquisition techniques for surveying buildings and providing original data for BIM modeling. However, the geometric and topological reconstruction of solid walls, which are among the most important architectural structures in BIM, is still a challenging undertaking. Due to noise and missing data in 3D point clouds, current research mostly focuses on segmenting wall planar surfaces from unstructured 3D point clouds and fitting the plane parameters without considering the thickness or 3D shape of the wall. Point clouds acquired only from the indoor space are insufficient for modeling exterior walls. It is also important to maintain the topological relationships between wall objects to meet the needs of complex BIM modeling. Therefore, in this study, a geometry and topology modeling method is proposed for solid walls in BIM based on photogrammetric meshes and laser point clouds. The method uses a kinetic space-partitioning algorithm to generate the building footprint and indoor floor plan. It classifies interior and exterior wall segments and infers parallel line segments to extract wall centerlines. The topological relationships are reconstructed and maintained to build wall objects with consistency. Experimental results on two datasets, including both photogrammetric meshes and indoor laser point clouds, exhibit more than 90% completeness and correctness, as well as centimeter-level accuracy of the wall surfaces.
This study presents the fabrication of a novel porous composite of graphene oxide‐montmorillonite (GO‐MMT) through the modification of montmorillonite using the freeze‐drying method for the purpose ...of Pb removal. The characterization of the GO‐MMT composite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. The results from batch adsorption experiments revealed that the GO‐MMT composite exhibited a superior capacity for Pb removal compared to MMT. Furthermore, a single factor experiment confirmed that the dosage of the GO‐MMT composite or GO, pH, temperature, and reaction time all significantly influenced the adsorption of Pb by the GO‐MMT composite, MMT, or GO. This superiority can be attributed to the presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups, the site‐blocking effect, and the ion exchange mechanism exhibited by the GO‐MMT composite.
The essence of three-dimensional (3D) real estate modeling is to build a 3D model that meets the requirements of the registration business in the information world according to the objective form of ...real estate objects and relevant legal provisions on real estate registration. It is the application of digital twin technologies in the field of real estate registration. In recent years, scholars have carried out much research and made a number of representative achievements in the field of 3D real estate modeling. Many countries and regions have started to implement 3D real estate registration. However, different countries have different legal provisions on real estate registration. Compared with other countries and regions in the world that have implemented 3D real estate registration, China’s 3D real estate registration is still in the exploratory stage. Although Chinese scholars have conducted much research from the perspectives of the 3D real estate registration mode, modeling method, legal framework, etc., existing studies mainly focus on the geometric modeling of physical entities and ignore the research on integrated modeling of physical entities and property right entities of real estate objects. Meanwhile, existing research results lack a combination with real estate registration practice. This research is one of the core contents of the pilot construction of Xinyi City’s two-dimensional (2D) and 3D integrated real estate electronic license registration. Combined with the real estate registration business practice in Xinyi City, this paper has developed a multilevel 3D real estate property rights modeling technology that integrates the physical entities and property right entities of the real estate registration object. The research results were applied to the real estate registration management of Xinyi City, supporting the issuance of the first 2D and 3D integrated real estate registration electronic license in Jiangsu.
Peptides are widely used as natural bio-small molecules because of their various pharmacological activities such as enhancing immunity, promoting wound healing, and improving inflammation. Alcoholic ...heart injury has become one of the major health problems worldwide, and alcohol consumption is now the main cause of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. In this study, deer heart peptides were extracted from deer hearts by enzymatic digestion and the antioxidant activity of deer heart peptides extracted at different times was evaluated by three in vitro antioxidant methods, and the active peptide with the best enzymatic effect has been selected for in vivo animal experiments. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of deer heart enzymatic extracts were evaluated in in vivo experiments in mice. In this study, mice were orally gavaged with white wine (12 mL/kg body weight) to induce a mouse model of cardiac injury, while mice were orally administered a single dose of 100 mg/kg/bw and 200 mg/kg/bw of deer heart enzyme digest and were examined for body weight, dietary intake, water intake, and coat gloss, as well as for general behaviors, adverse effects, and mortality. Histology, serum, anti-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress parameters were subsequently assessed. In all modeled mice, no four-way or any significant behavioral changes were observed in all groups, but in the modeled group, mice showed weight loss, decreased diet and water intake, and decreased cardiac index. For in vivo tests, the extract inhibited the anti-inflammatory activity with a significant decrease in inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in cardiac tissues, a significant increase in serum levels of both CAT and SOD, an increase in MDA content, and a remarkable increase in the level of the marker CK in the cardiac myocardial enzyme profile. Significant improvement in myocardial disorders by deer heart peptide could be observed from heart tissue sections. The present study emphasizes the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of deer heart peptide, an enzymatic digest of deer heart, which provides empirical as well as supportive role for the anti-inflammatory properties of traditional medicine.
The increasingly intensified development of coastal cities causes excessive consumption of natural resources, leading to environmental damage and increasing conflict between development and ...ecological protection. In addition to emphasizing ecological development, planners should pay more attention to the practical optimization and regulation of the developed landscape pattern. Taking Dafeng as an example, this study constructs a landscape-pattern optimization method suitable for the spatial distribution heterogeneity of ecological risk-level units in the coastal zone. The study is based on (a) an analysis of the composition and evolution characteristics of Dafeng’s coastal landscape elements, (b) the landscape pattern index of the ecosystem’s overall risk assessment, and (c) the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model. The study uses an ecosystem service value to build a resistance model by analyzing the medium and high-risk composition and distribution characteristics of space unit elements. Finally, 23 ecological sources, 14 ecological nodes, and 17 ecological corridors (total length 169.63 km) were built. The optimized coastal zone landscape pattern jointly protects the landscape area of high ecological value by 462.02 km
2
. The total ecological value is 105,01.71 million yuan. Landscape connectivity has been optimized, as well as the ecosystem’s stability and total service value. The optimization method proposed in this paper can reduce the protection area and cost. The spatial optimization unit is highly targeted, providing new ideas for the coastal cities to implement their ecological development and protection strategies.
An increasing number of applications require the accurate 3D layout reconstruction of indoor environments. Various devices including laser scanners and color and depth (RGB-D) cameras can be used for ...this purpose and provide abundant and highly precise data sources. However, due to indoor environment complexity, existing noise and occlusions caused by clutter in acquired data, current studies often require the idealization of the architecture space or add an implication hypothesis to input data as priors, which limits the use of these methods for general purposes. In this study, we propose a general 3D layout reconstruction method for indoor environments. The method combines voxel-based room segmentation and space partition to build optimum polygonal models. It releases idealization of the architectural space into a non-Manhattan world and can accommodate various types of input data sources, including both point clouds and meshes. A total of four point cloud datasets, four mesh datasets and two cross-floor datasets were used in experiments. The results exhibit more than 80% completeness and correctness as well as high accuracy.
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