•Performance enhancement of the perovskite solar cell by using photosystem1 (PS1) proteins is achieved.•Generated charge carriers by PS1 protein show better transfer to MAPbI3 than FAPbI3, because of ...alignment of LUMO energy levels.•Surface morphology of spin coated PS1 multilayer are more uniform and shows better performance in compared with dip coated PS1 multilayer.•Diagram of absorption spectra of perovskite layer after application of PS1 indicates adsorption enhancement.
Utilizing bio-hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) showed excellent potential due to reaching high performance and being nature-friendly among other kinds of new-age solar cells. Furthermore, plants' photoreceptor organs, especially the photosystem protein complex (PS1) have attracted a lot of attention due to their useful properties such as the complementary absorption spectrum with most photosensors and its non-toxicity, which provides a strong potential for advancing new types of renewable energies. here, utilizing PS1 protein, optimized the absorption spectrum of the PSC in the blue and red wavelength areas (430 nm and 665 nm) which resulted in the PCS enhancement. The PCE of the PSC has been optimized from 17.65 % to 18.95 % by using photosystem protein and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an interface layer. alternatively, open circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 1.04 V to 1.08 V. Also, by using CNTs, the device's external quantum efficiency (EQE) represents an improvement.
With the development of modern industry, manipulator gradually replaces manual operation. In the process of grasping, moving and placing the workpiece, the manipulator needs to have high accuracy, ...and the movement track cannot be changed due to the force deformation. Rigidity refers to the deformation, that is, the main stressed parts of the manipulator should have good rigidity, and the deformation should be as small as possible to ensure the accuracy of the motion track. In this paper, the main arm and the auxiliary arm of the manipulator are analyzed by finite element statics. The results show that the displacement and the equivalent stress meet the requirements.
With the popularity and maturity of VR technology, maximizing the utility advantages of relevant technologies and teaching projects has become a new topic. Because of the current era of science and ...technology’s best ideas, relevant methods of Ideological and political education learning have become richer in form and connotation. In order to make relevant methods better, true adoption experimental teaching of Ideological and political education here explores the true adoption of relevant methods in Ideological and political education college students’ learning. Through questionnaire survey to study the effect of relevant methods used by college students’ learning Ideological and political education and fuzzy analysis judging method to argue the teaching effect of integrating VR in Ideological and political education classroom, using comparative analysis method to compare and reference the traditional means of communication of Ideological and political education college students’ learning VR (virtual reality) The advantages of VR over traditional means of communication are summarized. Finally, the reasonableness and Probability of possible realization of relevant methods of college Ideological and political education are demonstrated by considering the needs and feasibility of the presented audience. The results show that most students’ applicability of the confirmation method and optimistic ideas and expressions for future development prospect of applying VR, a real simulated scenes relevant methods, to the practical college students’ learning for patriotic learning at the ideological level of college students learning. During the implementation of learning activities, about 89% of the students think that it can increase immersion, 80% think that it can be interactive, and most think that VR can make learning emotions high, highly concentrate on learning, and improve learning efficiency. Therefore, adopting relevant methods improves children’s enthusiasm for Ideological and political Education and transforms passive education into active participation.
Worldwide the seafloor has been recognized as a major sink for microplastics. However, currently nothing is known about the sediment microplastic pollution in the North Pacific sector of the Arctic ...Ocean. Here, we present the first record of microplastic contamination in the surface sediment from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. The microplastics were extracted by the density separation method from collected samples. Each particle was identified using the microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μFTIR). The abundances of microplastics in sediments from all sites ranged from not detected (ND) to 68.78 items/kg dry weight (DW) of sediment. The highest level of microplastic contamination in the sediment was detected from the Chukchi Sea. A negative correlation between microplastic abundance and water depth was observed. Polypropylene (PP) accounted for the largest proportion (51.5%) of the identified microplastic particles, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (35.2%) and rayon (13.3%). Fibers constituted the most common shape of plastic particles. The range of polymer types, physical shapes and spatial distribution characteristics of the microplastics suggest that water masses from the Pacific and local coastal inputs are possible sources for the microplastics found in the study area. In overall, our results highlight the global distribution of these anthropogenic pollutants and the importance of management action to reduce marine debris worldwide.
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•This is the first report of MPs in sediments from the Bering-Chukchi Sea shelf.•MPs levels were lower than those found in other regions of the world.•The sediments from the Chukchi Sea possessed the highest MPs abundances.•Fibers constituted the most common type in the Arctic sediments.
The ubiquitous presence and persistency of microplastics in aquatic environments is of particular concern because these pollutants represent an increasing threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. ...An identification of the patterns of microplastic distribution will help to understand the scale of their potential effect on the environment and on organisms. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the Bohai Sea are reported for the first time. We sampled floating microplastics at 11 stations in the Bohai Sea using a 330 μm trawling net in August 2016. The abundance, composition, size, shape and color of collected debris samples were analyzed after pretreatment. The average microplastic concentration was 0.33 ± 0.34 particles/m3. Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the main types of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. As the size of the plastics decreased, the percentage of polypropylene increased, whereas the percentages of polyethylene and polystyrene decreased. Plastic fragments, lines, and films accounted for most of the collected samples. Accumulation at some stations could be associated with transport and retention mechanisms that are linked to wind and the dynamics of the rim current, as well as different sources of the plastics.
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•First evaluation of microplastic in the surface water of the Bohai Sea.•The microplastics in Bohai is at medium-low level in contrast to other sea regions.•With the size of the plastics decreased, the proportion of polypropylene gradually increased.
This research indicates that microplastics are distributed widely in the Bohai Sea. As the size of the plastics decreased, the percentage of polypropylene increased.
Limits on the storage capacity of working memory significantly affect cognitive abilities in a wide range of domains, but the nature of these capacity limits has been elusive. Some researchers have ...proposed that working memory stores a limited set of discrete, fixed-resolution representations, whereas others have proposed that working memory consists of a pool of resources that can be allocated flexibly to provide either a small number of high-resolution representations or a large number of low-resolution representations. Here we resolve this controversy by providing independent measures of capacity and resolution. We show that, when presented with more than a few simple objects, human observers store a high-resolution representation of a subset of the objects and retain no information about the others. Memory resolution varied over a narrow range that cannot be explained in terms of a general resource pool but can be well explained by a small set of discrete, fixed-resolution representations.
A new ultrawide continuously tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter with very high resolution, is presented. It is based on a stimulated Brillouin scattering technique using a phase ...modulated optical signal and a dual-sideband suppressed-carrier pump. Results are presented which demonstrate a 1- to 20-GHz measured tuning range, together with continuous tuning, extremely high resolution with a -3-dB bandwidth of only 20 MHz, a single passband, shape-invariant tuning, and a high out-of-band rejection of 31 dB.
To test how preexisting long-term memory influences visual STM, this study takes advantage of individual differences in participants' prior familiarity with Pokémon characters and uses an ERP ...component, the contralateral delay activity (CDA), to assess whether observers' prior stimulus familiarity affects STM consolidation and storage capacity. In two change detection experiments, consolidation speed, as indexed by CDA fractional area latency and/or early-window (500–800 msec) amplitude, was significantly associated with individual differences in Pokémon familiarity. In contrast, the number of remembered Pokémon stimuli, as indexed by Cowan's
and late-window (1500–2000 msec) CDA amplitude, was significantly associated with individual differences in Pokémon familiarity when STM consolidation was incomplete because of a short presentation of Pokémon stimuli (500 msec, Experiment 2), but not when STM consolidation was allowed to complete given sufficient encoding time (1000 msec, Experiment 1). Similar findings were obtained in between-group analyses when participants were separated into high-familiarity and low-familiarity groups based on their Pokémon familiarity ratings. Together, these results suggest that stimulus familiarity, as a proxy for the strength of preexisting long-term memory, primarily speeds up STM consolidation, which may subsequently lead to an increase in the number of remembered stimuli if consolidation is incomplete. These findings thus highlight the importance of research assessing how effects on representations (e.g., STM capacity) are in general related to (or even caused by) effects on processes (e.g., STM consolidation) in cognition.
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