Cold stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and development. The C-repeat-binding factor (CBF)-dependent cold signaling pathway is extensively studied in Arabidopsis; ...however, the specific protein kinases involved in this pathway remain elusive. Here we report that OST1 (OPEN STOMATA 1), a well-known Ser/Thr protein kinase in ABA signaling, acts upstream of CBFs to positively regulate freezing tolerance. The ost1 mutants show freezing hypersensitivity, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing OST1 exhibit enhanced freezing tolerance. The OST1 kinase is activated by cold stress. Moreover, OST1 interacts with both the transcription factor ICE1 and the E3 ligase HOS1 in the CBF pathway. Cold-activated OST1 phosphorylates ICE1 and enhances its stability and transcriptional activity. Meanwhile, OST1 interferes with the interaction between HOS1 and ICE1, thus suppressing HOS1-mediated ICE1 degradation under cold stress. Our results thus uncover the unexpected roles of OST1 in modulating CBF-dependent cold signaling in Arabidopsis.
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•OST1 is a positive regulator in CBF-dependent cold signaling•OST1 interacts with and phosphorylates the ICE1 protein•OST1 interferes with the interaction between ICE1 and HOS1•OST1 suppresses HOS1-mediated ICE1 degradation
The ICE1 transcription factor integrates different signals to regulate cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. Ding et al. demonstrate that the protein kinase OST1, a key component in ABA signaling, is also activated by cold stress. In response to cold, OST1 phosphorylates and stabilizes ICE1, promoting the expression of downstream cold-tolerance genes.
Microplastics have received widespread attention as an emerging contaminant, but limited information was available during wetland restoration. The occurrence and characteristics of microplastics and ...their interaction with heavy metals in surface sediments from the Jinjiang Estuarine restored mangrove wetland were investigated. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 490 ± 127.3 to 1170 ± 99.0 items/500 g dry sediment, and the restored regions were much higher than mudflats, indicating mangrove restoration promoted its accumulation. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the main materials of microplastics after Raman spectroscopy identification. SEM-EDS images illustrated the mechanical erosion and chemical weathering on microplastics' surface, and Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd were observed in elemental composition. The contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd accumulated in microplastics were not correlated with their total concentrations in sediments except for Hg, indicating that they might not be derived from sediments.
•Mangrove restoration could promote microplastics accumulation and planting patterns could also influence the distribution of microplastic•EDS images illustrated that heavy metals such as Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd were observed in elemental composition of microplastics•The relationship of accumulated heavy metals between microplastics and sediments indicating that they might not derive from sediments.
This study was conducted to synthesize existing studies on user acceptance of consumer-oriented health information technologies (CHITs) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched four ...electronic databases in August 2018 for studies that empirically examined user acceptance of CHITs based on theoretical frameworks of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Meta-analysis was used to estimate effect sizes of pairwise relationships among TAM constructs, while subgroup analysis was performed to investigate potential factors that may moderate TAM relationships. Sixty-seven studies were identified and included for analysis. The results show that TAM was a robust model in examining user acceptance of CHITs. The results also identified a number of significant relationships between several antecedents (self-efficacy, subjective norm, trust, perceived behavioral control and facilitating conditions) and the core TAM constructs. In addition, many of the relationships could be moderated by study characteristics such as country of origin, type of user and type of technology. The findings demonstrated that TAM represents a good ground theory for examining factors that influence consumer acceptance of CHITs. Further efforts can be dedicated to contextualize the use of TAM theories in CHIT domain and to further examine factors that are able to moderate the model relationships.
•TAM was a robust model in examining consumer acceptance of CHITs.•A number of antecedents had significant relationships with the core TAM constructs.•The antecedents included self-efficacy, subjective norm, trust, perceived behavioral control and facilitating conditions.•TAM relationships could be moderated by study characteristics.
Several lipid-transfer proteins were reported to modulate the plant response to biotic stress; however, whether lipid-transfer proteins are also involved in abiotic stress remains unknown. This study ...characterized the function of a lipid-transfer protein, LTP3, during freezing and drought stress. LTP3 was expressed ubiquitously and the LTP3 protein was localized to the cytoplasm. A biochemical study showed that LTP3 was able to bind to lipids. Overexpression of LTP3 resulted in constitutively enhanced freezing tolerance without affecting the expression of CBFs and their target COR genes. Further analyses showed that LTP3 was positively regulated by MYB96 via the direct binding to the LTP3 promoter; consistently, transgenic plants overexpressing MYB96 exhibited enhanced freezing tolerance. This study also found that the loss-of-function mutant Itp3 was sensitive to drought stress, whereas overexpressing plants were drought tolerant, phenotypes reminiscent of myb96 mutant plants and /WYS96-overexpressing plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LTP3 acts as a target of MYB96 to be involved in plant tolerance to freezing and drought stress.
Despite high‐energy density and low cost of the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, their commercial success is greatly impeded by their severe capacity decay during long‐term cycling caused by ...polysulfide shuttling. Herein, a new phase engineering strategy is demonstrated for making MXene/1T‐2H MoS2‐C nanohybrids for boosting the performance of Li–S batteries in terms of capacity, rate ability, and stability. It is found that the plentiful positively charged S‐vacancy defects created on MXene/1T‐2H MoS2‐C, proved by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance, can serve as strong adsorption and activation sites for polar polysulfide intermediates, accelerate redox reactions, and prevent the dissolution of polysulfides. As a consequence, the novel MXene/1T‐2H MoS2‐C‐S cathode delivers a high initial capacity of 1194.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a high level of capacity retention of 799.3 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 C, and reliable operation in soft‐package batteries. The present MXene/1T‐2H MoS2‐C becomes among the best cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Phase engineered MXene/1T‐2H MoS2‐C with plentiful S‐vacancy defects is highly effective for trapping polysulfide intermediates and accelerating redox kinetics, leading to the enhanced lithium–sulfur batteries.
•Changing Fenton reagent from uniparental to amphiphilic by Amphiphilic Janus material.•Supporting the Production of Hydroxyl Radicals by Ultrasound.•Improving the oxidative desulfurization ability ...and reusability of Fenton reagent.
Fe3O4 was obtained by reacting FeCl2 and FeCl3 with polyethylene glycol, and labeled onto a amphiphilic Janus nanosheet. It was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, SEM, AFM and EDS that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles changed from hydrophilic to amphiphilic. The oxidative desulfurization performance of amphiphilic iron oxide was studied. Results showed that the Janus nanosheets labeled with Fe3O4 could significantly improve the removal rate of thiophene sulfide in simulated oil synergistically with ultrasonic waves, and the desulfurization rate could reach 100%. Further, the effect of ultrasound on the sensing ability of the oil–water interface was studied and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was calculated. In addition to the desulfurization mechanism of Fe3O4, it was found that although the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient of the amphiphilic nanosheets was high, the number of hydroxyl radicals determined the desulfurization efficiency. The amphiphilic Fe ions were more favorable for the formation of hydroxyl radicals than the single hydrophilic ones.
Biological membranes play an essential role in living organisms by providing stable and functional compartments, preserving cell architecture, whilst supporting signalling and selective transport ...that are mediated by a variety of proteins embedded in the membrane. However, mimicking cell membranes - to be applied in artificial systems - is very challenging because of the vast complexity of biological structures. In this respect a highly promising strategy to designing multifunctional hybrid materials/systems is to combine biological molecules with polymer membranes or to design membranes with intrinsic stimuli-responsive properties. Here we present supramolecular polymer assemblies resulting from self-assembly of mostly amphiphilic copolymers either as 3D compartments (polymersomes, PICsomes, peptosomes), or as planar membranes (free-standing films, solid-supported membranes, membrane-mimetic brushes). In a bioinspired strategy, such synthetic assemblies decorated with biomolecules by insertion/encapsulation/attachment, serve for development of multifunctional systems. In addition, when the assemblies are stimuli-responsive, their architecture and properties change in the presence of stimuli, and release a cargo or allow "on demand" a specific in situ reaction. Relevant examples are included for an overview of bioinspired polymer compartments with nanometre sizes and membranes as candidates in applications ranging from drug delivery systems, up to artificial organelles, or active surfaces. Both the advantages of using polymer supramolecular assemblies and their present limitations are included to serve as a basis for future improvements.
The enantioselective construction of axially chiral compounds by electrophilic carbothiolation of alkynes is disclosed for the first time. This enantioselective transformation is enabled by the use ...of a Ts‐protected bifunctional sulfide catalyst and Ms‐protected ortho‐alkynylaryl amines (Ts=tosyl; Ms=mesyl). Both electrophilic arylthiolating and electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents are suitable for this reaction. The obtained products of axially chiral vinyl–aryl amino sulfides can be easily converted into biaryl amino sulfides, biaryl amino sulfoxides, biaryl amines, vinyl–aryl amines, and other valuable difunctionalized compounds.
Enantioselective construction of axially chiral compounds by the electrophilic carbothiolation of alkynes is disclosed. This transformation is enabled by the use of a tosyl‐protected bifunctional sulfide catalyst and mesyl‐protected ortho‐alkynylaryl amines. The obtained products can easily be converted into biaryl amino sulfides, biaryl amino sulfoxides, biaryl amines, vinyl–aryl amines, and other valuable difunctionalized compounds.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a potentially life-threatening complication with significant morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis ...aims to systematically determine the factors associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).
All primary studies which reported the factors associated with of RA-ILD were eligible for the review except case reports. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WANFANG electronic databases were searched through to December 30, 2022, for studies investigating the factors associated with RA-ILD. The methodological quality assessment of the eligible studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). 2 reviewers extracted relevant data independently. Then, weighed mean differences (WMDs) or pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for the relationships between the factors and RA-ILD. The statistical meta-analysis, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed using the Review Manager 5.3, and publication bias with Egger's test were performed using the Stata12.0 software.
A total of 22 articles were screened for a meta-analysis which involved 1887 RA-ILD patients and 8066 RA without ILD patients. Some identified factors that were associated with an increased risk of RA-ILD included male sex (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.54-2.39; P < 0.00001), older age (WMD = 5.77 years, 95% CI: 3.50-8.04; P < 0.00001), longer duration of RA (WMD = 0.80 years, 95% CI 0.12-1.47; P = 0.02), older age at onset of RA (WMD = 6.41 years, 95% CI: 3.17-9.64; P = 0.0001), smoking (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30-2.18; P < 0.0001). Five factors of laboratory items associated with the development of RA-ILD were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Compared with RA without ILD patients, positive rheumatoid factor (RF) (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.47-2.01; P < 0.00001) and positive anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.31-1.90; P < 0.00001) increased the risk of RA-ILD. Meanwhile, RF titer (WMD = 183.62 (IU/mL), 95% CI: 66.94-300.30; P = 0.002) and ACPA titer (WMD = 194.18 (IU/mL), 95% CI: 115.89-272.47; P < 0.00001) were significantly associated with increased risk of RA-ILD. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (WMD = 7.41 (mm/h), 95% CI: 2.21-12.61; P = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = 4.98 (mg/L), 95% CI: 0.76-9.20; P = 0.02) were also significantly associated with the development of the RA-ILD, whereas antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive status was not significantly associated with increased risk of RA-ILD (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.60; P = 0.05).
This meta-analysis showed that male gender, older age, longer duration of RA, older age at onset of RA, smoking, positive RF, positive ACPA, elevated RF titer, elevated ACPA titer, higher ESR and higher CRP were associated with RA-ILD.
Abstract
The Cistrome Data Browser (DB) is a resource of human and mouse cis-regulatory information derived from ChIP-seq, DNase-seq and ATAC-seq chromatin profiling assays, which map the genome-wide ...locations of transcription factor binding sites, histone post-translational modifications and regions of chromatin accessible to endonuclease activity. Currently, the Cistrome DB contains approximately 47,000 human and mouse samples with about 24,000 newly collected datasets compared to the previous release two years ago. Furthermore, the Cistrome DB has a new Toolkit module with several features that allow users to better utilize the large-scale ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, and ATAC-seq data. First, users can query the factors which are likely to regulate a specific gene of interest. Second, the Cistrome DB Toolkit facilitates searches for factor binding, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility in any given genomic interval shorter than 2Mb. Third, the Toolkit can determine the most similar ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, and ATAC-seq samples in terms of genomic interval overlaps with user-provided genomic interval sets. The Cistrome DB is a user-friendly, up-to-date, and well maintained resource, and the new tools will greatly benefit the biomedical research community. The database is freely available at http://cistrome.org/db, and the Toolkit is at http://dbtoolkit.cistrome.org.
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